Abasebenzi abancinci emizimbeni yethu: Oko kufuneka ukwazi ngee-enzymes!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ukutya esikutyayo, umzekelo ipleyiti yerayisi, kunika njani imizimba yethu amandla? Okanye xa siphefumla, xa izihlunu zethu zikhula, malunga nabahlobo abancinci kodwa abanamandla kakhulu abasemva kwayo yonke le nto? Abo bahlobo babizwa ngokuba zii-enzymes . Aba bafana nabasebenzi abancinci, abangabonakaliyo basefektri ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, abasinceda rhoqo ukuba siphile.

Zithini ii-enzymes? Ngamafutshane...

Iienzyme luhlobo lweproteni . Zinceda ekukhawuleziseni ukusabela kweekhemikhali emizimbeni yethu, okubizwa ngokuba yimetabolism . Khawucinge nje, ezi enzymes ziyafuneka ukwakha ezinye izinto nokudiliza ezinye. Into emangalisayo kukuba, zonke izinto eziphilayo zineeenzymes!

Imizimba yethu ivelisa ii-enzymes ngokwendalo. Sikwafumana ii-enzymes kwezinye zokutya esikutyayo nakwezinye iimveliso ezenziweyo.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi iinkonzo ezinikezelwa zezi enzymes emzimbeni?

Omnye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yee-enzymes kukunceda ekugayeni ukutya . Ukugaya ukutya yinkqubo apho ukutya esikutyayo kuguqulwa kube ngamandla. Cinga ngako, sinee-enzymes kumathe ethu, kwi-pancreas, emathunjini nasesiswini.

Umzekelo, xa utya irayisi, ii-enzymes zinceda ekuqhekezeni isitatshi esikuyo sibe yiswekile. Ii-enzymes zikwakho ukuze zigaye into enamafutha okanye ukutya okutyebileyo kwiproteni njengeelentile. Ezi ziqhekeze amafutha, iiproteni, kunye neecarbohydrate zibe ziingceba ezincinci ezinokufunxwa ngumzimba. Emva koko umzimba usebenzisa ezi zondlo ekukhuleni nasekulungiseni iiseli.

Ukongeza ekugayweni kokutya, ii-enzymes zinceda kwezinye izinto ezininzi:

• Ukuphefumla: Ewe, le enzyme iyasebenza xa siphefumla.
• Ukukhula kwemisipha: Umzimba ukwadinga uncedo lwee-enzymes ukuze wakhe imisipha.
• Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: Ezi zibalulekile ukuze inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo isebenze kakuhle.
• Ukususa iityhefu emzimbeni: Ii-enzyme zikwanceda ekususeni izinto eziyingozi, oko kukuthi , iityhefu , eziqokelelana emizimbeni yethu.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iintlobo zee-enzymes?

Ewe ewe! Kukho amawaka eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-enzymes emizimbeni yethu. Into ekhethekileyo kukuba, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-enzyme lunomsebenzi omnye kuphela olumele luwenze . Kufana nokuba kukho iingcali ezahlukeneyo kumsebenzi ngamnye.

Umzekelo:

• I-enzyme iSucrase isebenza kuphela ukuqhekeza iswekile yesucrose.
• I-Lactase yi-enzyme eqhekeza iswekile ye-lactose efumaneka kubisi. Abanye abantu baziva bekhathazekile esiswini xa besela ubisi kuba bengenayo le enzyme.

Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zee-enzymes ekugayweni kwethu:

• Iicarbohydrate: Ezi ziqhekeza iicarbohydrate (izinto ezifana nesitatshi) zibe yiswekile.
• I-Lipase:Ezi zinto ziqhekeza amafutha (izinto ezifana neoyile) zibe zii-fatty acids.
• Iiprotease: Ezi ziqhekeza iiproteni zibe zii-amino acids.

Isebenza njani i-enzyme? Zithini iinxalenye zayo?

Kulula kakhulu. Yonke i-enzyme inendawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"active site." Oku kufana nemo ekhethekileyo kwi-enzyme. Into esebenza kuyo i-enzyme ibizwa ngokuba yi-"substrate." Le substrate ikwanayo nemo yayo eyahlukileyo.

Cinga ngayo njengesitshixo kunye nomngxuma wesitshixo. Ukuba i-enzyme yingxobo yesitshixo, i-substrate sisitshixo esifanelana nayo ngokuchanekileyo. Kuphela xa ezi zimbini zidibana ngokuchanekileyo apho i-enzyme isebenza khona. Ngamanye amazwi, njengokuba xa ufaka isitshixo kumngxuma wesitshixo, ucango luyavuleka, impendulo yamakhemikhali yenzeka xa i-substrate ibopha kwindawo esebenzayo.

Ubushushu kunye ne-pH zichaphazela njani ii-enzymes?

Ukuze ii-enzyme zisebenze kakuhle, kufuneka zibe nendawo efanelekileyo . Ukuba indawo ayilunganga, imilo yee-enzymes inokutshintsha. Emva koko isitshixo kunye nesitshixo azihambelani kakuhle, kwaye ii-enzymes azisebenzi.

I-enzyme nganye inobushushu obuthile kunye ne-pH esebenza kakuhle.

• i-pH: Olu luvavanyo lokuba into ene-asidi okanye i-alkaline ingakanani. Ii-enzymes zinovelwano kakhulu koku. Ukuba indawo engqongileyo ine-asidi kakhulu okanye i-alkaline kakhulu, ii-enzyme aziyi kusebenza kakuhle. Umzekelo, i-enzyme i-pepsin esiswini sethu inceda ekuqhekekeni kweeproteni. Ukuba akukho acid eyaneleyo esiswini, i-pepsin ayinakusebenza kakuhle.
• Ubushushu: Ii-enzyme zisebenza kakuhle kubushushu obuqhelekileyo bomzimba wethu, obumalunga nama-37 degrees Celsius (98.6°F). Njengoko ubushushu busanda, iimpendulo zee-enzyme ziyakhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubushushu buyanda kakhulu, ii-enzyme ziyayeka ukusebenza. Yiyo loo nto xa sinomkhuhlane ophezulu, imisebenzi yomzimba wethu iyacotha. Ii-enzyme azilawuleki.

Ziziphi izifo ezinokubangelwa ziingxaki zee-enzyme?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba imizimba yethu ayinayo i-enzyme ethile eyaneleyo , iingxaki zemetabolism zinokubakho. Ezinye zezi zinto zinokudluliselwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni ngokusebenzisa ii-genes (oko kukuthi, ilifa).

Ezinye zezi zifo ze-metabolic ezizuzwe njengelifa zezi:

• Isifo seFabry: Kule meko, umzimba awukwazi ukuvelisa i-enzyme i-alpha-galactosidase A, efunekayo ukuqhekeza amafutha (i-lipids).
• Isifo sikaKrabbe (i-globoid cell leukodystrophy): Oku kuchaphazela isigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esijikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-myelin , kunye nee-enzymes ezifunekayo kuso. Sichaphazela iNkqubo yeNervous ephakathi .
• Isifo somchamo we-maple syrup: Oku kuquka ezinyeIi-enzymes ezifunekayo ukuqhekeza uthotho olune-branched chain ziyachaphazeleka.

Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye iimeko zempilo ezinokubangelwa kukungalingani kwee-enzyme:

• Isifo sikaCrohn: Ukungalingani kweebhaktheriya emathunjini ethu (i-gut microbiome) kunokukhokelela kwimpendulo yokuzikhusela komzimba emathunjini. Oku kunokuchaphazela uhlobo kunye nobunzima besifo.
• Ukungabikho kakuhle kwe-exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI): Oku kwenzeka xa i-pancreas yakho ingavelisi ii-enzymes zokugaya ezaneleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukuqhekeza ukutya okanye ukufunxa izondlo ngokufanelekileyo. I-EPI inokubangelwa zizifo ezifana ne -pancreatitis engapheliyo , umhlaza we-pancreas , isifo seswekile, okanye i-cystic fibrosis .
• Ukunganyamezelani neLactose: Le meko ibangelwa kukungabikho kwe-enzyme (lactase) efunekayo ekugayeni i-lactose, iswekile efumaneka kubisi nakwiimveliso zobisi. Abantu abaninzi bafumana iimpawu ezifana nokudumba kunye negesi emva kokusela ubisi.

Uvavanyo lwee-enzyme luzichonga njani izifo?

Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga iimeko ezithile zempilo, ezinje ngamanqanaba aphezulu e-enzyme yesibindi, nto leyo enokuba luphawu lwesifo sesibindi .

Ngaba ndifanele ndithathe izongezo ze-enzyme?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu ongenazo izifo ezingapheliyo kwaye otya ukutya okunempilo uya kuba nomlinganiselo ofunekayo wee-enzymes emzimbeni wakhe.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esithile (njenge-EPI), ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe izongezo zeeenzyme. Abantu abaninzi abane-EPI bathatha ipilisi yeeenzyme zokugaya ukutya ngaphambi kokutya. Oku kunceda imizimba yabo ifunxe izondlo ekutyeni.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kufuneka uhlale ucela iingcebiso zonyango ngaphambi kokuba uthathe nasiphi na isongezelelo seeenzyme. Akuyongcinga ilungileyo ukuzisebenzisa wedwa ezi zinto.

Ngaba amayeza anokuchaphazela amanqanaba eeenzyme?

Ewe, amanye amayeza anokubangela utshintsho kumanqanaba eeenzyme.

• Umzekelo, ii-antibiotics zinokubulala iintsholongwane ezilungileyo ezifunekayo ukuze ezinye ii-enzymes zisebenze kakuhle. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ii-antibiotics zibangela ukudumba kwesisu kunye norhudo. Xa zibulala iintsholongwane ezimbi ezibangela ukugula, zibulala neentsholongwane ezilungileyo ezinceda ekugayweni kokutya.
• Iistatins (amayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol) zinokunyusa amanqanaba eeenzyme zesibindi kunye nemisipha, nto leyo enokubangela umonakalo wesibindi okanye imisipha.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha malunga nengxaki ye-enzyme?

Akunakwenzeka ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unengxaki ye-enzyme ngaphandle kovavanyo lwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezilandelayo, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike iingcebiso:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Ukudumba okanye igesi
• Urhudo
• Ukudinwa rhoqo
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo
• I-anemia (ukungabikho kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi)
• Ukopha kwamathumbu

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Iienzymes zincinci, kodwa ziluncedo kakhulu ezinceda ekuphenduleni iikhemikhali emzimbeni wethu. Zinceda kuyo yonke into ukusuka ekuphefumleni ukuya ekugayweni kokutya. Ienzyme encinci kakhulu okanye eninzi kakhulu inokubangela iingxaki zempilo. Abantu abanezifo ezithile ezingapheliyo banokufuna ukuthatha izongezo zeeenzyme ukunceda imizimba yabo isebenze kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufanele kwenziwe kuphela phantsi kweliso likagqirha.

Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye imibuzo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha. Indima yee-enzymes ibaluleke kakhulu kubomi obusempilweni!

ii- enzymes, ukugaya ukutya, imetabolism, impilo, ukugaya ukutya, iiproteni, iicarbohydrate, i-pH, izifo zemetabolism