Khawucinge nje ngomntwana wakho oselula edlala kakuhle aze ngequbuliso abe nengxaki yokuphefumla, amathe aqale ukuphuma emlonyeni wakhe, kwaye ilizwi lakhe liyatshintsha xa ethetha. Okanye umntu omdala ngequbuliso uba nomphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu kangangeentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu aze angakwazi ukuphefumla. Oku akuyonto yokudlala ngayo. Le meko iyingozi, engxamisekileyo inokubangelwa yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Epiglottitis. Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini, ngoko masiqaphele oku.
Yintoni i-Epiglottitis? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.
Ngamafutshane, kukho iqhekeza elincinci le-cartilage emqaleni wethu, ngasemva kolwimi. Oku sikubiza ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-epiglottis . Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuthintela ukutya nokusela ukuba kungangeni ngqo kwi-windpipe yethu (trachea) nakwi-esophagus yethu. Isebenza njenge-lever etshintsha imizila endleleni.
Ngoko ke, i-Epiglottitis kuxa i-epiglottis idumba ngequbuliso, ibomvu, kwaye ivuvuke, nokuba kungenxa yosulelo okanye esinye isizathu.
Khawucinge nje, kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le flap iphezu kwendlela yomoya idumba? Indlela yomoya, i-trachea , ivalekile ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko awukwazi ukuphefumla. Ekubeni indlela yomoya yabantwana abancinci incinci kakhulu, oku kudumba kuyingozi kakhulu kubo. Yiyo loo nto kuthathwa njengengxamiseko yezonyango.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba unezi mpawu, ungacingi nokucinga ngokubilisa amagqabi e-coriander ekhaya okanye uzame ezinye iindlela zonyango zasekhaya. Ufanele umse loo mntu kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?
I-Epiglottitis ayisiyonto ixhaphakileyo, kodwa inokuvela nakubantu banoma liphi na ixesha.
Ngaphambili, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kowe-1985, esi sifo sasisenzeka kakhulu kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5 ubudala. Isizathu esiphambili soku yayiyibhaktheriya iHaemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) . Kodwa ngoku isitofu seHib sifakiwe kwinkqubo yesitofu sikazwelonke esinikwa abantwana besebancinci kwilizwe lethu. Usenokukhumbula isitofu se-pentavalent esinikwa abantwana abaneminyaka emi-2, emi-4, neyi-6 ubudala. Oko kukwabonelela ngokhuseleko kolu sulelo lweHib. Yiyo loo nto esi sifo ngoku singafumaneki rhoqo phakathi kwabantwana.
Kodwa okumangalisayo kukuba, le meko ngoku ibonakala rhoqo kubantu abadala. Ayibangelwa yintsholongwane yeHib, kodwa ibangelwa zezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane, ezifana neStreptococcus pneumoniae kunye neStaphylococcus .
Zithini iimpawu ze-epiglottitis? Ungasisusa njani?
Ezi mpawu zihlala zivela ngequbuliso kwaye zinokuba qatha ngokukhawuleza kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ingakumbi abantwana abancinci, banokuba nezi mpawu ngaphandle kwesilumkiso kuba iindlela zabo zomoya zincinci kakhulu. Abantu abadala banokuba neempawu ezihlala usuku okanye ezimbini, njengomphimbo obuhlungu, emva koko zibe qatha.
Kukho iimpawu eziphambili ezine ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuxilonga esi sifo. Ezi zikwaziwa ngokuba zii-"4 D's".
| Uphawu "D" | Intsingiselo nje |
|---|---|
| I-Dysphagia | Ubunzima bokuginya: Oku akufani nomphimbo obuhlungu oqhelekileyo. Kuvakala kubuhlungu kangangokuba awukwazi nokuginya nethontsi lamathe. |
| I-Dysphonia | Utshintsho lwelizwi: Ilizwi liyarhawuzelela, okanye lithambe kakhulu, njengokuthetha ngokuhlebeza. Abanye abantu bakubiza oku ngokuthi "lilizwi le-hot potato," ngokungathi uthetha une-hot potato emlonyeni wakho. |
| Ukuvuza amathe | Ukuvuza amathe: Intlungu ebuhlungu emqaleni yenza kube nzima ukuginya amathe, ngoko ke amathe aphuma emlonyeni ngempazamo. |
| Ingxaki | Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuziva ufuthanisekile. Isifuba siyatsala xa uphefumla. Isigulana sibonakala siphazamisekile kakhulu. |
Ukongeza kwezi mpawu ziphambili, ezinye iimpawu ezininzi zinokubonwa:
- Umphimbo obuhlungu ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
- Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-38 degrees Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit).
- Isandi esiphantsi nesiphezulu, esifana nokuthi 'whoosh', sivakala xa uphefumla.
- Ingakumbi abantwana abancinci, bathanda ukuvula imilomo yabo, bagobe phambili, baze babeke izandla zabo emadolweni ukuze babancede baphefumle. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'yi-tripod position'. Olu luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu.
- Umntwana akahlalisekanga kwaye uphazamisekile kakhulu.
Ezi mpawu ngamanye amaxesha zinokufana nezinye izifo, ezifana ne-croup. Nangona kunjalo, i-croup idla ngokubangela ukukhwehlela, kwaye i-croup ayisoloko iyingozi kangaka. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze ahlukanise kwaye anyange ezi zifo zimbini ngokufanelekileyo.
Yintoni ebangela i-epiglottitis?
Isizathu esiphambili soku kusulelwa ziintsholongwane, kodwa kunokubakho nezinye izizathu.
- Usulelo lweentsholongwane: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, oku kunokubangelwa ziintsholongwane zeHib ebantwaneni, kunye nezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane kubantu abadala.
- Usulelo lwentsholongwane: Ngamanye amaxesha, xa sinezifo ezifana ne-chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus) kunye ne-herpes (herpes simplex virus), amasosha ethu omzimba ayabuthathaka kwaye usulelo lwentsholongwane lunokungena lula ngalo.
- Usulelo lwefungus: Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kakhulu (umz., abantu abane-HIV, abaguli abafumana unyango lomhlaza) nabo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko ngenxa yosulelo lwefungus olufana neCandida.
- Umonakalo womqala: Le meko inokubangelwa kukubetheka kakhulu emqaleni, ukukrwitshwa yinto ebukhali (njengethambo lentlanzi), okanye ukusela ngequbuliso ulwelo olushushu kakhulu, njengekomityi yeti.
- Ukutshaya: Ukutshaya rhoqo, ukuvasa, okanye ukuphefumla umsi weziyobisi ofana ne-crack cocaine nako kunokuba yimbangela.
- Iikhemikhali: Le meko inokwenzeka emva kokusela ikhemikhali enobuthi (umz., i-asidi) etshisa umqala.
Ingaba esi sifo siyasulela?
I-Epiglottitis ayisasazeki ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Nangona kunjalo, ibhaktheriya okanye intsholongwane eyibangelayo inokusasazeka. Iintsholongwane zisasazeka ngamathontsi angena emoyeni xa umntu ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Nangona kunjalo, awunyanzelekanga ukuba ube neentsholongwane xa unesifo se-epiglottitis. Kwenzeka kuphela ukuba iintsholongwane zingena kwi-epiglottis yakho zize zibangele usulelo.
Ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lwenziwa njani esibhedlele?
Ekubeni oku kuyingxamiseko, into yokuqala oogqirha abaya kuyenza xa uziswa kwi-ETU kukuzinzisa ukuphefumla kwakho endaweni yokufumanisa ukuba yintoni na isifo. Kuba ukusindisa ubomi bakho yeyona nto iphambili. Nje ukuba ukuphefumla kwakho kuzinze, ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokwenziwa ukunceda ukufumanisa imeko:
- Ukuhlolwa komphimbo: Ugqirha ochwephesha usebenzisa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera (i-laryngoscopy) ukujonga ngaphakathi komqala aze ajonge ngqo ukudumba kwe-epiglottis.
- Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray:Kwi-X-ray yentamo, i-epiglottis evuvukileyo ibonakala ngathi luphawu lomqondiso wobhontsi .
- Uvavanyo lwe-blood swab kunye ne-throat swab: Uvavanyo lwegazi lusetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba kukho usulelo emzimbeni. I-throat swab ikwathunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze kufunyanwe intsholongwane okanye intsholongwane ebangela usulelo.
Kulandelwa amanyathelo amathathu aphambili ngexesha lonyango.
| Amanyathelo onyango | Yintoni eyenziwayo |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukukhusela indlela yomoya | Okokuqala, kufakwa imaski yeoksijini kwaye kunikwa ioksijini eyongezelelweyo. Ukuba indlela yomoya ivalekile kakhulu, kufakwa ityhubhu ngomlomo iye kwi-windpipe (intubation) ngoncedo lwengcali ye-anesthesiologist. Ukuba oku akunakwenzeka nokuba kungxamisekile, kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci entanyeni kwaye kufakwa ityhubhu kwi-windpipe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-tracheostomy. Kodwa oku akusoloko kuyimfuneko. |
| 2. Ukunika ityuwa kunye nolwelo | Umkhuhlane kunye nobunzima bokuginya kunokubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ukuthintela oku, ityuwa ifakwa emthanjeni (IV drip). |
| 3. Ii-antibiotics | Isizathu esiphambili soku kusulelo lwebhaktiriya, ngoko ke amayeza afanelekileyo okubulala iintsholongwane afakwa emthanjeni. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo, amayeza afanelekileyo kwiibhaktiriya ezibangele usulelo anikwa. |
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa kwaye ndingazikhusela njani?
Kudla ngokuthatha malunga neveki ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo. Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele malunga neentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu. Nokuba kufakwe ityhubhu yokunceda ekuphefumleni, iya kususwa emva kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu xa ukudumba kuhlile kwaye uya kukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kufuneka ugqibezele yonke i-antibiotics echazwe ngugqirha wakho (ngesiqhelo iintsuku ezisi-7). Akuyonto ilungileyo ukuyeka ukuyisebenzisa phakathi kuba nje intlungu iphelile. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba usulelo lubuye.
Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo kule meko, ungenza oku kulandelayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:
- Ukugonywa: Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana ugonyo oluneziqendu ezintlanu, kuquka nogonyo lweHib, ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela abantwana.
- Ucoceko olufanelekileyo: Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo. Kuphephe ukuchukumisa amehlo, impumlo nomlomo wakho ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Hlala kude nabantu abakhohlelayo nabathimlayo kangangoko unako.
- Ukuphepha izinto ezingonakalisa umqala wakho: Kuphephe izinto ezingonakalisa umqala wakho, njengokusela izinto ezishushu kakhulu nokutshaya.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Epiglottitis yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango esongela ubomi apho i-epiglottis, inxalenye yomqala, idumba ngequbuliso ize ivale ukuphefumla.
- Ubunzima bokuginya, ukutshintsha kwelizwi, ukuvuza amathe, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla zezona mpawu ziphambili.
- Ukuba ubona enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu, thatha isigulana usise kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Musa ukuzama ukunyanga ekhaya.
- Ugonyo lweHib olunikwa abantwana luthintele kakhulu ukwenzeka kwesi sifo ebantwaneni.
- Nokuba le meko imbi kangakanani na, uninzi lwabantu luyachacha ngokupheleleyo ukuba lufumana unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo . Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwenza ngokukhawuleza.
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