Sonke siyazi ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba umama, utata, okanye umakhulu wakho alibale ezinye izinto njengoko bekhula. Kodwa ngaba wakha waziva ukuba ngamanye amaxesha oku kulibala kudlula umda oqhelekileyo? Usenokulibala into othethe ngayo kusasa ngokuhlwa, usenokulibala apho ubeka khona izinto zakho ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha usenokungabazi nabantu abakungqongileyo. Le meko inokuba luphawu lweSifo sika-Alzheimer. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto namhlanje.
Yintoni i-Alzheimer's? Yintoni i-dementia?
Abantu abaninzi bayawabhidanisa la magama mabini. Ngoko ke, masiqale siqonde umahluko ochanekileyo phakathi kwala magama mabini.
Ngamafutshane, i-dementia ayilogama lesifo esithile. Ligama eliqhelekileyo, njenge "fever." Zininzi izizathu ezahlukeneyo zomkhuhlane, ezifana ne-dengue fever kunye ne-influenza, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, i-dementia ligama eliqhelekileyo leqoqo leempawu ezichaphazela inkumbulo, ukucinga, ukuziphatha, kunye nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
Isifo sika-Alzheimer sesona sizathu siphambili nesixhaphakileyo se-dementia. Oko kukuthi, ayinguye wonke umntu onesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo oza kuba nesifo sika-Alzheimer, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu onesifo sika-Alzheimer oza kuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.
Isifo sika-Alzheimer sisifo esiqhubeka silahleka kwiiseli zengqondo (iiseli zemithambo-luvo) ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kubangela ukuba inkumbulo, ukucinga, kunye nokuziphatha kutshintshe kancinci kancinci. Sidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, asiyonto iqhelekileyo yokwaluphala.
Izigaba ezintathu zesifo sika-Alzheimer
Esi sifo asiphuhli ngequbuliso. Siphuhla kancinci kancinci, sidlule kwizigaba ezintathu.
| Inqanaba lesifo | Iimpawu ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba lokuqala (Eliphantsi) | Kule nqanaba, iimpawu azibonakali kangako. Ngabo basondeleleneyo kuphela abaya kubona umahluko omncinci. Kusenokubakho izinto ezifana nokulibala iziganeko zakutshanje, ubunzima bokufumana amagama, kunye nokulibala apho uzibeke khona izinto. Kodwa izinto ezinjengokuqhuba imoto wedwa kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yoluntu zisenokwenzeka. |
| Iphakathi | Eli lelona nqanaba lide lesi sifo. Iimpawu ngoku ziya zicaca ngakumbi. Usapho nabahlobo baya bengakwazi ukubonwa. Ukungazoli ebusuku kuyenzeka. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha olufana nokudideka, ukucaphuka, nomsindo lunokubonwa. Ekubeni kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla wedwa, ngokuqinisekileyo isigulana sifuna umntu (umnakekeli) ukuba asincede kweli nqanaba. |
| Inqanaba lokugqibela (Elinzima) | Kule nqanaba, isigulana sifuna unyango iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Abakwazi nokwenza izinto ezisisiseko ezifana nokuhamba, ukuhlala, nokuginya. Balahlekelwa ngamandla abo okuthetha ngokupheleleyo. Basenokulahlekelwa lulwazi olupheleleyo ngezinto ezibangqongileyo. Okwangoku, iinkonzo zokhathalelo lokudambisa iintlungu zibaluleke kakhulu ekuxhaseni isigulana kunye nosapho. |
Yintoni ebangela isifo sika-Alzheimer?
Izazinzulu azikafumani mpendulo iqinisekileyo eyi-100% malunga nokuba kutheni abanye abantu benesifo, kodwa zifumanise ukuba sibangelwa kakhulu ziintlobo ezimbini zomonakalo kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni.
1. Ukwakheka kwe-tangles ngaphakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo: Uhlobo lweproteni ngaphakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo zobuchopho bethu luyadibaniswa kwaye ludibane. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'neurofibrillar tangles'.
2. Iintsalela phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo: Uhlobo lweproteni olubizwa ngokuba yi-'beta-amyloid' lubekwa phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo, lwenza uhlobo oluthile lwenkunkuma efana nenkunkuma. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-'plaques'.
Cinga ngeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezikwingqondo yethu njengenkqubo yeengcingo zombane ezithwala ulwazi. Ngenxa yokuxinana kunye neediphozithi ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ezi ngcingo zombane azikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukudluliselwa kwemiyalezo kuyayeka, kwaye ekugqibeleni ezo ngcingo zemithambo-luvo ziyafa. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
Ngaba ii-genes ziyayichaphazela le nto?
Ewe, kukho impembelelo ethile yemfuza. Ukuba abazali bakho okanye abantakwenu bakha baba nesifo se-Alzheimer, unokuba nethuba elincinci lokuba naso. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba naso. Ii-gene ezithile, ezifana ne-'ApoE (apolipoprotein E)' zifunyenwe zinyusa umngcipheko wesi sifo. Kodwa esi asisosifo esibangelwa zizinto zemfuza zodwa.
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe uneempawu ze-Alzheimer's, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ingcali ye-neurologist.
Ugqirha uza kukubuza wena nosapho lwakho ngezinto ezifana nezi:
- Zithini iingxaki zokukhumbula nokucinga? Zinzima kangakanani?
- Ngaba kukho utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha okanye ubuntu?
- Ngaba ezi ngxaki zichaphazele ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla?
Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa isifo:
- Uvavanyo lwenkumbulo kunye nobuchule bengqondo: Ukubuza imibuzo, ukubuza izibalo ezilula, kunye nokuvavanya izakhono zolwimi.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Jonga ezinye iimeko zempilo (umz., ukungabikho kweevithamini) ezinokubangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
- Iiskeni zobuchopho: Iiskeni ze-CT, i-MRI, okanye i-PET zinokubona utshintsho engqondweni.
- I-Spinal Tap: Kwezinye iimeko, ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) luyavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiproteni ezinxulumene nesifo se-Alzheimer.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungabi neentloni okanye ukoyika ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango kwangoko nje ukuba uzibona ezi mpawu. Okukhona isifo sifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kulula ukuba isigulana kunye nosapho balungiselele imeko.
Unyango kunye nolawulo
Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lwesifo se-Alzheimer okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo , kukho amayeza aliqela anokunceda ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kunye nokulawula iimpawu.
Amayeza amatsha afana ne-`Lecanemab (Leqembi)` kunye ne-`Donanemab (Kinsula)` azama ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo ngokususa iiproteni eziyingozi eziqokelelana engqondweni. Kwakhona, amayeza afana ne-`Cholinesterase inhibitors` kunye ne-`Memantine` anceda ukugcina inkumbulo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile.
Onke la mayeza afanele athathwe kuphela ngokwengcebiso kagqirha.
Ukongeza kumayeza, ukudala imeko-bume ekhululekileyo nekhuselekileyo yesigulana, ukulandela inkqubo yemihla ngemihla, kunye nokwenza umthambo olula kunceda kakhulu ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi besigulana.
Ukuba unyamekela umntu one-Alzheimer's...
Ukuba ungumnakekeli womntu one-Alzheimer's, kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu nonzima. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinokukunceda:
- Misela inkqubo: Yenza izinto ezifana nokutya, ukuhlamba, kunye nokulala ngexesha elinye yonke imihla. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukudideka kwesigulana.
- Thetha ngokucacileyo nangokuzola: sebenzisa amagama alula, izivakalisi ezimfutshane. Waphulaphule ngomonde.
- Lumka: Susa iikhaphethi ezityibilikayo endlwini. Faka ii-handrails kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Lumka xa isigulana siphuma sodwa.
- Vumela ukuzimela: Bavumele benze izinto abanokuzenzela zona. Oku kuya kukhusela ukuzithemba kwabo.
- Cinga ngawe nawe:Ukunyamekela isigulana kuyadinisa engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Ngoko ke zinike ixesha lokuphumla, yenza into oyithandayo, kwaye ujoyine amaqela enkxaso ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungamnyamekela kakuhle isigulana kuphela ukuba uphilile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer asiyonto iqhelekileyo yokwaluphala. Sisifo esonakalisa ingqondo.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo, okanye ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, musa ukuba neentloni uye kugqirha.
- Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho iindlela zonyango zokulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwaso kunye nokulawula iimpawu.
- Ukunyamekela umntu one-Alzheimer's ngumceli mngeni. Kufuna umonde, uthando, kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo. Njengomnakekeli, kubalulekile ukunyamekela impilo yakho.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer.
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