Xa uginya ukutya, ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kuya njani kanye kanye esiswini sakho? Okanye ngamanye amaxesha uziva uvutha esifubeni sakho emva kokutya isidlo esinongwe, uze ucinge, "Owu, yintoni le?"? Sonke siye saba namava anjalo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu ebandakanyeka kuyo yonke le nto. Yiyo leyo i-esophagus, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngesiNgesi, `(Esophagus)`.
Kalula nje, yintoni i-esophagus?
I-esophagus, ukuba sithetha ngokuchanekileyo, yipayipi yethu yokutya. Oko kukuthi, yityhubhu enemisipha ethwala ukutya kunye nolwelo ukusuka emqaleni ukuya esiswini sakho. Yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Xa siginya ukutya, akungeni ngqo esiswini. I-esophagus yibhulorho ekuthwala ukuya esiswini ngendlela ehlelekileyo nekhuselekileyo.
Khawuthelekelele uginya irayisi ezele ngumlomo. Okokuqala, isuka emlonyeni wakho iye emqaleni. Apho, iqhekeza elincinci lemisipha, elibizwa ngokuba yi-epiglottis, liyavaleka. Uyazi ukuba kutheni? Kukugcina ukutya kwakho kungahambi ngendlela engalunganga, kungene kwi-windpipe yakho (trachea). Kukwakho nenxalenye encinci yomqala wakho ebizwa ngokuba yi-uvula ethintela oko ukuselayo ukuba kungangeni empumlweni yakho. Konke oku kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba uqonde. Ayimangalisi na loo nto?
Isebenza njani i-esophagus? Yindlela emangalisayo kakhulu!
Le yinkqubo engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Phezulu nasezantsi kwe-esophagus, kukho izangqa ezimbini zemisipha ezisebenza njengeengcango ezimbini. Sizibiza ngokuba zii-"sphincters".
1. I-Upper Esophageal Sphincter: Kulapho iqala khona i-esophagus. Xa uginya ukutya, le valve ifumana umqondiso othi, "Nanku ukutya." Ngelo xesha, iyavuleka. Emva kokuba ukutya kungenile, kuyavala kwakhona. Ngamanye amaxesha, ivalwa ngokuqinileyo.
2. I-Peristalsis: Xa ukutya kungene kwi-esophagus, akuwi nje kuphela. Izihlunu ezisezindongeni ze-esophagus ziyafinyela (zifinyela) njengegagasi, zityhala ukutya phantsi. Le yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"peristalsis." Le nkqubo ihambisa ukutya esiswini nokuba umi okanye ulele phantsi.
3. I-Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES): Emva kokuba ukutya kuye kwehla kakhulu, kukho omnye umngxuma ngaphambi kokuba ungene esiswini. Loo mngxuma usezantsi. Njenge-top, le ivuleka xa ukutya kungena ize ivumele ukutya kudlulele esiswini. Emva koko ivala ngokuqinileyo kwakhona.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba eli gango lisezantsi livaleke ngokufanelekileyo. Kuba, eli gango lithintela i-asidi yesisu kunye nejusi yokugaya ukutya ukuba ingabuyeli phezulu, oko kukuthi, ingene emqaleni. Isizathu esiphambili sengxaki "ye-gastritis" okanye "isitshiso sentliziyo" abantu abaninzi abanaso kukuba eli gango lisezantsi alisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo.
I-Esophagus kunye ne-trachea - masibone umahluko ochanekileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini
Abantu abaninzi bayabhidanisa ezi zinto zimbini. I-esophagus kunye ne-trachea ziityhubhu ezimbini ezikufutshane enye kwenye entanyeni, kodwa zinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
| Uphawu | Umqala womqala | I-Trachea |
|---|---|---|
| Inkqubo | Inxalenye yenkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Inxalenye yenkqubo yokuphefumla |
| Umsebenzi ophambili | Ukuthutha ukutya nokusela ukusuka emqaleni ukuya esiswini | Ukungenisa nokuphuma komoya emiphungeni |
| Indawo | Ifumaneka ngasemva kwe-trachea naphambi komqolo | Ibekwe phambi kwe-esophagus |
Ziziphi izifo neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela umphimbo?
Ukutya kwethu kunokubangela izifo ezahlukeneyo. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezinye zezi.
Ukudumba kwesifuba kunye nemeko yeGERD
Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. I-sphincter esezantsi ye-esophageal (LES) endikhankanyileyo ngaphambili ayivaleki kakuhle, nto leyo evumela i-asidi yesisu ukuba ibuyele kwi-esophagus, nto leyo esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"Acid Reflux". Yiyo le nto ibangela isitshiso sentliziyo.
Ukuba le 'Acid Reflux' iyaqhubeka kwaye yenzeka rhoqo, siyibiza ngokuba yiGastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) . Le yimeko enzima kakhulu. Ukongeza kwi-heartburn, iimpawu ezifana nencasa emuncu emlonyeni, ukukhohlela, iintlungu zesifuba, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nobunzima bokuginya nazo zinokubakho. Ukuba i-GERD ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwi-esophagus ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ezinye iimeko zonyango
Ukongeza kwi-GERD, kukho nezinye iingxaki ezininzi ezinokubakho.
| Imeko yezonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Achalasia | Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba i-lower esophageal sphincter (LES) ayivuli ngexesha ekufanele ivuleke ngalo. Ngoko ke ukutya akunakungena esiswini. |
| I-Esophageal Diverticulum | Ingxowa encinci ephuma kwindawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lomqala. Ukuba le ngxowa iba nkulu, ukutya kunokunamathela kuze kwenze kube nzima ukuginya. |
| IiVarices ze-Esophageal | Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi emqaleni. Ukuba le mithambo iqhuma ize yophe igazi, inokuba yingozi ebomini. |
| I-Esophagitis | Ukudumba kolwelo lomqala womqala. Oku kunokubangelwa yi-acid reflux, usulelo, okanye amayeza athile. |
| Umlomo kaBarrett | I-GERD yexesha elide ibangela utshintsho kwiiseli ze-esophagus esezantsi, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza we-esophageal. |
Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho umhlaza womqala. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: i-adenocarcinoma kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma.
Uyazi njani ukuba unale ngxaki? Zithini iimpawu?
Ukuba unengxaki nge-esophagus yakho, unokufumana iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, kubalulekile ukuba unikele ingqalelo.
- Isitshiso sentliziyo:Kuvakala ngathi kukho into etshisayo embindini wesifuba, ngasemva kwamathambo.
- Ubunzima bokuginya (Dysphagia): Ukuziva ukrwitshwa okanye intlungu xa uginya ukutya.
- Ukubuyela emlonyeni: Ukubuyela kokutya okungagayiwanga emlonyeni.
- Intlungu yesifuba: Ukuziva uxinezelekile okanye intlungu esifubeni, nokuba ayivakali ngathi kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
- Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo: Ukukhohlela okuya kuba mandundu, ingakumbi ebusuku.
- Ukurhawuzelela okanye umphimbo obuhlungu.
- Umoya ombi (iHalitosis).
- Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukuhlanza okanye ukuhlanza igazi.
Ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu, ingakumbi ubunzima bokuginya, ukubhajwa kukutya, ukuhlanza igazi, okanye ukwehla kakhulu emzimbeni, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zento enzulu ngakumbi kune-gastritis elula.
Ugqirha uzichonga njani ezi meko?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, aze ukuba kuyimfuneko, akucebise ukuba wenze uvavanyo oluthile. Ungakhathazeki, ezi zezona ziza kukunceda ufumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki.
- I-Upper Endoscopy: Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo enekhamera emlonyeni ukuze kuhlolwe umphimbo, isisu, kunye nenxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci. Oku kuvumela ukujonga kakuhle ngaphakathi ukuba akukho monakalo, ukudumba, okanye utshintsho.
- I-Biopsy: Ngexesha le-endoscopy, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwindawo ekrokrisayo lize lithunyelwe kwilebhu ukuze livavanywe. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza ezikhoyo.
- Ukugwinya kweBarium: Kolu vavanyo , unikwa ulwelo olufana netshokhwe ukuba ulusele. Emva koko, kuthathwa imifanekiso eliqela ye-X-reyi. Ulwelo lwebarium luvumela i-X-reyi ukuba ibonise ngokucacileyo imo yomqala kunye nendlela ukutya okuhamba ngayo kuwo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-pH yesisu: Kufakwa ityhubhu encinci kakhulu ngempumlo iye kwi-esophagus ize ishiywe endaweni yayo malunga neeyure ezingama-24 ukuze kulinganiswe ukuba i-asidi yesisu ivela kangaphi kwaye ixesha elingakanani. Oku kunceda ekuchongeni ngokuchanekileyo ubukhali be-GERD.
Iphathwa njani?
Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwimeko onayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukutya kunye notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Abanye abantu bafuna amayeza, ngelixa abanye banokufuna notyando.
Iintlobo zamachiza
- Ii-antacids: Ezi zithomalalisa i-asidi esiswini okwethutyana. Zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngesiqabu esikhawulezileyo kwi-heartburn.
- Ii-H-2 Receptor Blockers:Ezi zinciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-asidi esiswini.
- IiProton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Ezi zisebenza ngakumbi ekuthinteleni ukuveliswa kwe-asidi kunee-H-2 blockers, kwaye zikwanceda ekunyangeni umonakalo kwi-esophagus obangelwa yi-asidi.
- Amanye amayeza: Amayeza afana neBaclofen anciphisa ukuvulwa kwe-sphincter esezantsi kwesophageal (LES) ngaphandle kokuzithandela.
Iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo kunye notyando
- Ukwanda komlomo: Ukuba umphimbo unciphile (ukuqina) ngenxa yokudumba kwexesha elide, isixhobo esifana nebhaluni sisetyenziselwa ukwandisa indawo enciphileyo.
- Utyando lweLaparoscopic Antireflux: Oku kuquka ukuthatha inxalenye ephezulu yesisu uze uyisongele kwinxalenye esezantsi ye-esophagus, kudala ivalvu entsha. Oku kuqinisa i-sphincter esezantsi ye-esophageal (LES) kwaye kuthintele i-asidi ukuba inganyuki.
- Ukufakelwa kwesixhobo se-LINX: Isixhobo esifana nesangqa semagnethi sifakwe sijikeleze umphimbo ongezantsi. Oku kuthintela i-asidi ekunyukeni, kodwa kuvumela ukutya ukuba kudlule ngokulula.
- Ukususwa kwesisu: Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ezifana nomhlaza, isisu singadinga ukususwa ngotyando.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umqala uyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Ukusebenza kwawo ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze umntu abe sempilweni.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana nokutshixiza rhoqo, incasa emuncu emlonyeni, okanye ubunzima bokuginya njengesiqhelo. Zisenokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo.
- Nezinto ezilula ezifana nokunciphisa ukutya okuneziqholo, okunamafutha, ikofu, kunye netshokholethi, kunye nokungalali phantsi iiyure ezi-2-3 emva kokutya ebusuku kunokukunika isiqabu esikhulu.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga neempawu zakho, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho . Kubaluleke ngakumbi ukufumana uxilongo olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango kunokuzinyanga ngokwakho.
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