Masifunde ngakumbi malunga nokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela amehlo akho!

Ngaba wakha wahlolwa amehlo? Abanye abantu banokucinga ukuba oku kuyimfuneko kuphela kubantu abanxiba iiglasi. Kodwa eneneni, olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke umntu azi kakuhle ukuba amehlo ethu kunye nempilo yethu zinjani. Ukuba unezifo ezithile ezingapheliyo, unokufuna ukuhlolwa amehlo akho rhoqo.

Yintoni uvavanyo lwamehlo? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lwamehlo yinkqubo apho ingcali yezempilo yamehlo ihlola ukubona kwakho, ukuva, kunye nempilo yamehlo. Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu. Lunokubona notshintsho oluncinci emehlweni akho kwangethuba. Oku kunokwenza kube lula ukunyanga ngaphambi kokuba lube yingxaki enkulu.

Ngubani owenza ezi zilingo zamehlo?

Kulungile ukwazi ukuba ayizizo zonke iimviwo zamehlo ezifanayo. Ezinye zenziwa ngeenjongo ezithile, ngelixa ezinye zivavanyo oluqhelekileyo. Kwakhona, kukho iingcali ezininzi ezenza ezi mviwo:

• Iingcali zamehlo: Aba ngabantu abanesidanga sezonyango (`MD - Medical Doctor` okanye `DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine`), oko kuthetha ukuba ukongeza kwiminyaka emine yemfundo yesikolo sezonyango, bafumene eminye iminyaka emine yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo (ukuhlala) kwizifo zamehlo. Abanye benza uqeqesho olongezelelweyo (`ubudlelane`) kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi. Ngabo badla ngokwenza 'utyando lwamehlo'.
• Iingcali zamehlo: Bafunda i-optometry iminyaka emine baze bafumane isidanga seDokotela we-Optometry (OD). Abanye baqeqeshwa unyaka wonke. Banokuxilonga nokunyanga zonke iintlobo zezifo zamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, abanakwenza utyando.
• Iingcali zamehlo: Aba bangoochwephesha bokhathalelo lwamehlo, kodwa abahloli amehlo akho. Bakunceda ukhethe iiglasi ezifanelekileyo kuwe, balinganise intloko yakho namehlo akho, baze balungise iiglasi zakho. Zininzi izinto abazenzayo ezinegalelo kuvavanyo lwamehlo akho.

Khawucinge nje, kufana nokuya kugqirha oqhelekileyo xa unomkhuhlane, kodwa xa unengxaki yamehlo, kufuneka uye kwezi ngcali.

Ziziphi ezi ntlobo zovavanyo lwamehlo?

Enye indlela yokwahlulahlula uvavanyo lwamehlo kukusebenzisa injongo yokulufumana.

• Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo/oluqhelekileyo: Olu lwenziwa emehlweni, njengokuhlolwa komzimba konyaka. Olu lwenziwa ngabantu abangenaso isifo samehlo okanye abafuna kuphela iiglasi zokulungisa umbono wabo.
• Uvavanyo lokulandelela: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo. Oku kungenziwa ukujonga imeko emva kwengozi okanye utyando lwangaphambili lwamehlo. Kwakhona, abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye ukuwohloka kwe-macular badla ngokufuna uhlolo lokulandelela.
• Uvavanyo lwezonyango/olungxamisekileyo: Olu lwenziwa xa kukho urhano lokuba kukho ingxaki ekuboneni kwakho, ingakumbi xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo. Umzekelo, ukwenzakala kwamehlo, ukulahlekelwa yimbono ngequbuliso, ukwenzakala entloko, njl.

Yintoni ekhangelwayo xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lwamehlo? Zeziphi izinto eziqukiweyo?

Kukho malunga neenxalenye ezili-13 eziphambili zovavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo, okanye "olupheleleyo". Makhe sijonge ukuba ziintoni.

Okokuqala, kukho iindawo ezisixhenxe ezijonga indlela amehlo akho asebenza ngayo nendlela abonakala ngayo ngaphandle:

1. Ubukhali bokubona: Oku kulinganisa ukuba ubona kakuhle kangakanani. Oku kudla ngokulinganiswa kusetyenziswa itshathi yeSnellen . Ngaba wakha wayibona itshathi eludongeni enoonobumba abakhulu phezulu kunye noonobumba abancinci njengoko usihla? Yiyo loo nto.

2. Amabala okubona: Oku kulinganisa indlela iliso ngalinye elinokubona kakuhle ngayo inxalenye nganye yebala lakho lokubona. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho amabala angabonakaliyo na.

3. Ukushukuma nokulungelelanisa: Oku kujonga ukuba amehlo akho alungelelene kakuhle na kwaye angahamba macala onke ngaphandle kokushukumisa intloko yakho. Ugqirha uza kuhlola iliso elinye kunye namehlo omabini kunye.

4. I-Conjunctiva: Le yi-membrane ebhityileyo necacileyo egubungela inxalenye emhlophe yeliso lakho (i-'sclera') kunye nangaphakathi kweliso lakho. Ugqirha uza kuyihlola le nto.

5. Izicubu zangaphandle ezijikelezileyo (i-Ocular adnexa): Oku kuquka i-eyeball kunye nezinye iindawo zeliso lakho nobuso. Ugqirha uza kujonga ukuba ezi ndawo, ezifana neenkophe zakho, imibhobho yokukrazula, kunye nee-lymph nodes eziphambi kweendlebe zakho, zisebenza kakuhle na.

6. Umfundi kunye ne-iris: Umfundi yinxalenye emnyama, engqukuva embindini weliso lakho. I-iris yiringi ejikeleze amehlo akho enika amehlo akho umbala wawo. Ugqirha uza kujonga indlela umfundi asabela ngayo ekukhanyeni ('pupillary reflexes').

7. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kweso: Oku kulinganisa uxinzelelo lolwelo olungaphakathi kweliso lakho ngokufutha umoya kulo. Ukuba uxinzelelo luphezulu, lunokuba luphawu lwemeko efana neglaucoma.

Okulandelayo, ingcali yamehlo iya kuhlola iindawo ezintlanu zeliso isebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esibizwa ngokuba sisibane esiqhekekileyo . Esi sibane sinokukhanya kunye nelensi yokukhulisa. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone kakuhle ngaphakathi kweliso. Ngamanye amaxesha olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ngamayeza okanye ngaphandle kwawo ukuze kwandiswe amehlo akho.

8. I-Cornea: Oku kufana nomphambili weliso lakho. Ugqirha wakho angakujonga ukuba likwimeko entle na ngokulijonga ngesibane esincinci.

9. Igumbi elingaphambili:Eli gumbi elingaphambili kweliso liqulathe i-aqueous humor , iris, kunye nelensi. Ezi zinokubonakala ngokucacileyo nangakumbi kufutshane nesibane esitshixiweyo. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni utshintsho kwiimeko ezifana ne -angle-closure glaucoma . Oku kwenzeka xa uxinzelelo kwi-aqueous humor lusanda, nto leyo ethintela ulwelo ukuba luhambe okanye luphume kakuhle.

10. Ilensi: Ugqirha uza kujonga ukucaca kunye nokwakheka kwelensi.

11. I-Optic nerve: Ugqirha uza kujonga i-optic disc (apho i-optic nerve iqhagamshela khona ne-eyeball) kunye ne-optic cup (indawo efana nesitya embindini we-disc) . Baza kujonga nomlinganiselo we-cup-to-disk. Ukuba lo mlinganiselo uphantsi, kunokubakho umngcipheko wokukhula kweemeko ezifana ne -ischemic optic neuropathy .

12. I-Retina: Isibane esincinci sivumela ugqirha ukuba ajonge ngokusondeleyo olu layer olunokukhanya okubonakalayo ngasemva kweliso lakho. Uza kujonga ukuba akukho mibimbi, umbala otshintshileyo, okanye umonakalo.

Kutheni ubuza izinto ezinje ngokuba uphi kwaye lixesha lini?

13. Ukuqhelanisa nexesha, indawo kunye nomntu: Eli candelo le-13 lijonga indlela esebenza kakuhle ngayo ingqondo yakho. Oku akuyonxalenye yovavanyo lwamehlo, kodwa kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwezinye iimeko. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha unokukuvavanya oku emva kokuthetha nawe.

• Uqhelaniso lwexesha: Uyazi ukuba lixesha lini kwaye ngowuphi umhla?
• Ukuqhelanisa nendawo: Uyazi ukuba ukuphi kwaye wenza ntoni?
• Isikhokelo malunga nomntu: Ngaba uyalazi igama lakho kunye neenkcukacha zakho?

Nangona le mibuzo ingabonakala ingaqhelekanga xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lwamehlo, ngamanye amaxesha kubalulekile ukuyibuza, kuba ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zamehlo zinokunika nezikhokelo malunga neengxaki zobuchopho.

Ngaba kufuneka uzilungiselele ngaphambi kokuba uye kuvavanyo lwamehlo?

Ngokwesiqhelo, akukho mfuneko yokulungiselela kakhulu uhlolo lonyaka okanye ulandelelwano. Kufana nje nokuya kuhlolo lonyaka, ungangena, wenze uhlolo, uze ubuyele kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Kodwa, kukho into enye omele uyenze. Zisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwamayeza, iivithamini, kunye nezongezo ozithathayo. Kubalulekile ukuba ingcali yamehlo yakho izazi ezi njengenxalenye yovavanyo, nokuba uzithatha ngezizathu ezingahambelaniyo namehlo akho. Kwakhona, zizisa iiglasi zakho zangoku, iilensi zokunxibelelana, kunye nayo nayiphi na imithi oye wayithatha ngaphambili.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ngexesha lovavanyo?

Ngexesha lovavanyo lwamehlo, ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukubuza imibuzo malunga nokubona kwakho, naluphi na utshintsho okanye iingxaki ozibonileyo kutshanje, kunye nazo naziphi na iziganeko zonyango zakutshanje okanye utshintsho ebomini bakho. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi oludweliswe apha ngasentla. Banokucebisa nezinye iimvavanyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukuxelela okungakumbi ngezi mvavanyo zongezelelweyo.

Ukwandisa amehlo akho kwenza kube lula ukuba ingcali yamehlo ibone ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Ugqirha usebenzisa amayeza okukhulula izihlunu zeliso lakho okwethutyana. Oku kuyalikhulula aze alivule. Emva koko banokujonga ngaphakathi kweliso lakho baze babone ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ezisenokungabonakali ngenye indlela.

Ukuba unempazamo yokubona ngamehlo akho kwaye udinga iiglasi, ingcali yamehlo yakho iya kulinganisa impazamo kwiliso ngalinye lakho. Emva koko banokubhala uxwebhu lweglasi oluza kulungisa impazamo. Ukuba kufuneka unxibe iilensi zokunxibelelana, banokuthatha umlinganiselo okhethekileyo weengqayi zamehlo akho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyalingana.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo?

Emva kovavanyo lwamehlo oluqhelekileyo, ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukuchazela oko bakufumanisileyo kunye nendlela okukuchaphazela ngayo. Ukuba bafumanisa ukuba udinga iiglasi, baza kukunika ikopi yephepha okanye yedijithali yemithi yakho kagqirha. Ngokomthetho, kufuneka bakunike ikopi, nokuba awufuni. Kwamanye amazwe, umthetho ufuna nokuba umgama wakho we-pupillary, ongumgama ophakathi kwamehlo akho amnyama xa uthenga iiglasi kwi-intanethi, ufakwe kwimithi yakho kagqirha. Nangona uninzi lweendawo zingayidingi loo milinganiselo, abanye oogqirha baya kukunika ukuba ucela.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba i-cornea yakho ivulekile, unokuba nobunzima bokubona izinto ezikufutshane – njengefowuni yakho, isikrini sekhompyutha, okanye iincwadi – ngokucacileyo okwethutyana emva kovavanyo. Izibane, ukukhanya kwelanga, kwanokukhanya okuvela kwizikrini zesixhobo kunokubangela ukungakhululeki kunye nentlungu.

Ungazisa iiglasi zelanga uze uzinxibe emva kovavanyo. Oko kuya kunceda kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha iofisi kagqirha iya kukunika imibala yexeshana okanye izigqubuthelo zokugquma iiglasi zakho. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basenokungakwazi ukubona kakuhle ukuba baqhube emva kokuba amehlo abo evuleke, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba nomntu oza kuhamba nawe okanye oza kuhamba nawe.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kuvavanyo lwamehlo?

Inxalenye yovavanyo lwamehlo ekuphela kwayo enokubangela umngcipheko okanye isiphumo esibi liyeza elisetyenziselwa ukwandisa iliso lakho elimnyama. Usenokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ukuba une-allergy kulo. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiyeza, kodwa azifane zenzeke kwaye zihlala zincinci. Ukuba ukhe wasabela kweli yeza ngaphambili, xelela ugqirha wakho wamehlo. Banokukwazi ukucebisa enye indlela.

Zithini iziphumo zovavanyo lwamehlo? Zisixelela ntoni?

Ingcali yakho yamehlo iya kukuxelela into abayifumeneyo, nokuba ngexesha lovavanyo okanye emva kokuba lugqityiwe. Baza kucebisa unyango kunye novavanyo olongezelelweyo. Ukuba ufuna iiglasi, baya kubhala nencwadi kagqirha.

Ndifanele ndibize nini ingcali yamehlo?

Thetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo ngokukhawuleza xa ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho, ingakumbi ukuba lwenzeka kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kungabandakanya ubunzima bokufunda umbhalo omncinci okanye obhaliweyo, ukuncipha kombono wombala, ukukrwitshwa kwamehlo, ukuxinana kwamehlo, okanye iintloko ezibuhlungu ekupheleni kosuku.

Ingxamiseko yezonyango kukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso, okungalindelekanga, nokuba liliso elinye okanye omabini, okanye inxalenye okanye yonke. Ezinye zeemeko ezibangela oku zinokubangela ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngokusisigxina. Ezinye zazo zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso kunokuba:

• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye onyamalalayo.
• Ubumnyama.
• Ukuziva ngathi kukho ikhethini elimnyama eligubungela inxalenye okanye yonke into yokubona kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo.
• Ukuziva ngathi izibane ezikhanyayo okanye ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kuthintela umbono kancinci okanye ngokupheleleyo.

Ezinye iimeko, ezifana ne -migraines, zinokubangela ukulahleka kombono okwethutyana. Ukuba unesifo esinokubangela ukulahleka kombono okwethutyana, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yamehlo. Banokukuxelela into omawuyenze xa ulahlekelwa ngumbono wakho kunye nendlela yokwazi ukuba ufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.

Ndifanele ndihlolwe amehlo kangaphi?

Uninzi lwabantu kufuneka luhlolwe amehlo rhoqo ngonyaka okanye emibini . Nokuba uneembono ezingama-20/20 , licebo elihle ukuba uhlolwe amehlo. Njengokuba uhlolo lwaminyaka le lunokubamba izifo ezingabangela iimpawu, uhlolo lwamehlo lunokubhaqa iingxaki zempilo nezamehlo ongaziboniyo okanye ongazivayo.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana izifo zamehlo okanye iingxaki zokubona banokufuna ukuhlolwa amehlo abo rhoqo. Kusenokufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo, njengala:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala.
• Ukuba ungumntu omnyama okanye ophuma kwisizwe samaHispanic.
• Ukuba utyebile kakhulu okanye utyebile kakhulu (oko kukuthi, ukuba i-BMI yakho - i-Body Mass Index ingama-30 nangaphezulu).
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile , esinokubangela iingxaki zamehlo okanye ukulahleka kokubona.
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo samehlo.
• Ukuba unxiba iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana.
• Ukuba ukhe watyandwa iliso ngaphambili, wenzakele iliso, okanye wenzakele iliso ngaphambili ngenxa yezifo ezifana nokubetha .

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uvavanyo lwamehlo yinto onokuyenza rhoqo, njengokuhlolwa kwamehlo akho rhoqo ngonyaka. Uvavanyo lwamehlo lunokunceda ekufumaneni iimpawu zokuqala zesifo samehlo nesifo sobuchopho.

Usenokucinga ukuba awudingi kuhlolwa amehlo rhoqo (ingakumbi ukuba awunxibi iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana), kodwa kusengumbono olungileyo ukuzisebenzisa. Ngokuhlolwa, ungafumana iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba ube neempawu. Emva koko, unokubona ngcono kwaye uhlale usempilweni, endaweni yokuba mandundu. Ngoko ke, ungalibali ukunyamekela amehlo akho!

Uvavanyo lwamehlo , impilo yamehlo, umbono, ugqirha wamehlo, ugqirha wamehlo, iglaucoma, iiglasi