Ubona izinto ezintle kweli hlabathi, uqaphela ubuso babantu obathandayo, kwaye ufunde incwadi ngamehlo akho, akunjalo? Amehlo ethu ayindalo emangalisayo ngokwenene. Njengekhamera yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ngoko ke ngaphakathi kule khamera, kukho ifilimu eguqula ukukhanya kube ngumfanekiso, okanye isensa kwiikhamera ezintsha. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-retina . Namhlanje, makhe sifunde ngakumbi ngalo mmangaliso mncinci ubalulekileyo ekuboneni kwakho.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-retina?
I-retina yilaphu elincinci kakhulu leeseli zemithambo-luvo ngasemva kwebhola yeliso lakho. Xa ujonge into ethile, ukukhanya okuvela kuloo nto kungena kweliso lakho kuze kuwele ngqo kule retina.
Khawuthelekelele ujonge intyatyambo entle. Imitha yokukhanya ebonakala kwintyatyambo idlula kwilensi yeliso lakho ize igxile kwi-retina. Emva koko kwenzeka into emangalisayo. Iiseli ezikhethekileyo kwi-retina (esizibiza ngokuba zii -photoreceptors ) ziguqula oku kukhanya kube ziimpawu zemithambo-luvo zombane. Kanye njengokuba i-sensor yekhamera iguqula ukukhanya kube yidatha yedijithali.
Emva koko ezi mpawu zemithambo-luvo ziya ngqo engqondweni zilandela umthambo okhethekileyo obizwa ngokuba yi-optic nerve. Ingqondo ihlalutya ezi mpawu ize ikuxelele, "Owu... le yirozi ebomvu." Yonke le nkqubo yenzeka ngokuqhwanyaza kweliso. Ayimangalisi na?
Oko kukuthi, i-retina ifana nebhulorho ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kweliso nengqondo. Ukuba le bhulorho yonakele kancinci, indlela esibona ngayo ihlabathi inokutshintsha, ibangele amabala amnyama ekuboneni kwethu, okanye ide ilahlekelwe ngokupheleleyo kukubona.
Ziziphi iindawo ezimbini eziphambili ze-retina?
I-retina yethu inokwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili. Zombini zinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo.
1. I-Macula: Le yinxalenye encinci ye-retina embindini enika umbono obukhali. I-macula ikunceda wenze izinto ezintle ezifana nokufunda incwadi ngokucacileyo, ukuqonda imbonakalo yobuso, ukuqhuba imoto, kunye nokufaka inaliti. Le nxalenye ibaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni imibala ngokucacileyo.
2. I-Peripheral Retina: Le yindawo esiyibiza ngokuba yindawo enkulu ejikeleze i-macula. Le nxalenye isinika umbono ojikelezayo. Khawuthelekelele uhamba esitalatweni ujonge phambili. Ungambona ngokucacileyo umntu ophambi kwakho ngenxa ye-macula. Kwangaxeshanye, awukwazi ukubona ibhasi okanye ibhayisekile ivela ecaleni. Loo mbono ojikelezayo unikezelwa yi-peripheral retina. Kwakhona le nxalenye ikunceda ubone izinto ebumnyameni.
Izifo eziqhelekileyo kunye neemeko ezichaphazela i-retina
Ngelishwa, kukho izifo ezininzi ezinokonakalisa i-retina yethu exabisekileyo. Ezinye zezi zinokubangela ukulahleka kombono okungapheliyo ukuba azinyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukonakala kweMacular okunxulumene nobudala | Umbono ophakathi (umbono xa ujonge phambili) uba lufiphale njengoko i-macula isiya iba buthathaka njengoko ubudala bukhula. |
| I-Retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile | Isifo seswekile sibangela umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi kwi-retina. Le yeyona nto ibangela ukulahleka kombono. |
| I-Hypertensive Retinopathy (isifo samehlo esibangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) | Ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi kwi-retina ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo. |
| Ukuqhekeka kweeRetinal kunye neenyembezi | I-retina iyahlukana nezicubu ezingaphantsi. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. |
| Umngxuma weMacular / iMacular Pucker | Umbono ogqwethekileyo (njengokubona imigca ethe tye) ngenxa yomngxuma omncinci okanye imibimbi kwi-macula. |
| Ukopha kweRetinal - Ukopha igazi | Imithambo yegazi ye-retina iyaqhekeka kwaye yophe igazi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. |
| Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retina/imithambo yegazi | Ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi elisweni. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"eye stroke". |
| I-Retinitis Pigmentosa | Imeko yelifa ebangela ukuba ukubona kube buthathaka kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. |
| I-Solar Retinopathy | Ukujonga ngqo elangeni ngaphandle kokuzikhusela kunokubangela umonakalo kwi-retina. |
| Umhlaza Wamehlo | Umzekelo, i-retinoblastoma, eyenzeka kubantwana abancinci. |
Ziziphi iimpawu ezibonisa ingxaki ye-retina?
Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emehlweni okanye ekuboneni kwakho, musa ukulutyeshela. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, bonana nogqirha, ingakumbi ugqirha wamehlo, ngokukhawuleza.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso |
|---|---|
| Umbono ofipheleyo okanye ogqwethekileyo | Ukungaboni izinto ngokucacileyo, ukubona imigca ethe tye. |
| Umbono woMjelo | Kufana nokujonga ngetyhubhu, apho omabini amacala ombono enyamalala. |
| Ii-Eye Floaters | Ukuziva ngathi izinto ezifana neentambo zesigcawu, amachaphaza, okanye imigca ziyadada phambi kwamehlo akho. Yiba nexhala, ingakumbi ukuba ezi zinto zikhula ngequbuliso . |
| Ukukhanya Kwamehlo | Ukubona ukukhanya ekhoneni leliso lakho, njengombane okanye ifleshi yekhamera. |
| Amabala angaboniyo / ikhethini | Ezinye iindawo zento oyijongileyo ziyanyamalala okanye uzive ngathi isikrini esimnyama siwela phambi kwamehlo akho. |
| Umbono ophindwe kabini | Into enye ibonakala ngathi zimbini. |
| Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya (Ubuthathaka bokukhanya) | Nokukhanya okuqhelekileyo kuvakala kuqaqambile kakhulu ukuba amehlo angakwazi ukukuthwala. |
Ugqirha uyihlola njani i-retina?
Xa ubona ugqirha wamehlo, uza kusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuhlola i-retina yakho.
- Ukwandisa: Ugqirha wakho uza kufaka amathontsi ambalwa eyeza elisweni lakho ukuze avule iliso lakho ukuze ukwazi ukubona i-retina yakho ngokucacileyo. Umbono wakho usenokuba luzizi kancinci emva kweeyure ezimbalwa.
- Uvavanyo lweSibane esiNcitshisiweyo: I-microscope ekhethekileyo kunye nokukhanya kusetyenziswa ukuhlola lonke icala elingaphambili leliso, ukusuka ngasemva ukuya kwi-retina.
- I-Fundoscopy / I-Ophthalmoscopy: Isixhobo esiphathwa ngesandla esikhanyisa iliso ukuze sihlole i-retina, i-optic nerve, kunye nemithambo yegazi.
- I-Fundus Photography: Ikhamera ekhethekileyo ithatha imifanekiso ye-retina ecacileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekujongeni iimeko zesifo.
Singayinyamekela njani i-retina yethu?
Asitsho phandle ukuba "khusela amehlo akho njengamehlo amabini." Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba wenza ezi zinto ukuze ugcine ii-retina zakho, ezikhusela umbono wakho, ziphilile.
- Hlola amehlo akho rhoqo: Nokuba unxiba iiglasi okanye awuzinxibi, jonga amehlo akho kwingcali yamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka okanye emibini .
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Ekubeni ezi zifo zichaphazela ngqo amehlo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho kube kanye ngonyaka . Lawula isifo sakho njengoko ugqirha wakho ecebisa.
- Fumana isondlo esifanelekileyo: Ukutya okutyebileyo kwiivithamini A, C, E, kunye ne-zinc kulungile kakhulu emehlweni. Faka imifuno eluhlaza (isipinatshi, ikale), iminqathe, iitapile ezimnandi, iiorenji kunye nentlanzi ekutyeni kwakho.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba kunceda ekukhuseleni kwizifo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Khusela amehlo akho elangeni: Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezilungileyo ezikhusela kwimitha ye-UV xa uphuma ngaphandle. Musa ukujonga ngqo elangeni.
- Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko: Qiniseka ukuba unxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko kwiimeko apho kukho umngcipheko emehlweni akho, njengaxa udlala imidlalo, udibanisa iintsimbi, okanye usebenza ngoomatshini.
- Musa ukungazinanzi utshintsho olubonakalayo: Nokuba uvakalelwa kukuba umbono wakho uya usiba mandundu kancinci kancinci, musa ukucinga nje ukuba luphawu lokwaluphala. Yiya kugqirha ukuze ufumane unobangela.
Iimeko apho kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza!
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane . Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zengxamiseko, njenge-retina ehlukanisiweyo. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ukubona kwakho.
Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona, ukuba ngequbuliso uqala ukubona amabala amnyama amaninzi edada phambi kwamehlo akho, ukuba uqhubeka ubona ukukhanya okufana nombane, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi ikhethini emnyama iyawa phambi kwamehlo akho, yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Ukungazinaki ezi mpawu kunokubangela nokuba ube yimfama engapheliyo. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika, musa ukoyika, kwaye funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-retina yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yeliso, ekwicala elingasemva kweliso, eguqula ukukhanya kube yimiqondiso yemithambo-luvo ize iyithumele engqondweni. Ifana nesenzi esikwikhamera.
- Ungaba nombono ocacileyo nobukhali kuphela xa i-retina yakho iphilile.
- Isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zizifo ezinokuyonakalisa kakhulu i-retina. Ukuba unezi zifo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.
- Ukuba ngequbuliso ubona iimpawu ezifana namabala amnyama ahamba phambi kwamehlo akho, ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okanye isikrini esimnyama esigubungela inxalenye yombono wakho, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
- Musa ukungayinaki nayiphi na inguqu ekuboneni kwakho, nokuba iyenzeka kancinci kancinci. Bona ugqirha wamehlo ukuze akunike icebiso. Ukukhusela umbono wakho oxabisekileyo kusezandleni zakho.
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