Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubuso bomntu buphazamiseke ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yengozi enkulu, ukutsha, okanye isifo esithile esinzima. Mhlawumbi kwaneendawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nempumlo, iinkophe, kunye nemilebe zilahlekile. Le meko ayinakubuyiselwa ngotyando oluqhelekileyo lweplastiki. Kukwimeko enzima kangaka apho utyando oluntsonkothileyo noluphucukileyo kwizonyango zanamhlanje, 'ukufakelwa kobuso', luqala ukubuzwa.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukufakelwa ubuso?
Ukufakelwa ubuso yinkqubo yotyando esebenzisa izicubu zobuso ezivela kumntu oswelekileyo ukuze kufakwe bonke okanye inxalenye yobuso bomguli. Olu asilotyando oluqhelekileyo. Kwizonyango, silubiza ngokuba yi-vascularized composite allograft (VCA) . Oku kuthetha ukuba kungekuphela nje ulusu kodwa kunye nezihlunu ezingaphantsi, amathambo, imithambo-luvo, kunye nemithambo yegazi ziyatyalwa kunye.
Olu lutyando olungaqhelekanga kakhulu nolunzima kakhulu. Kwaye kukho inani elilinganiselweyo labanikeli abaza kunikela ngobuso. Ke ngoko, ukuze ufanelekele olu hlobo lotyando, kufuneka uhlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo kakhulu. Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka ufumane unyango olukhethekileyo, unyango lomzimba, kunye namayeza ubomi bakho bonke.
Ngubani ofanelekileyo kolu hlobo lotyando?
Olu asilotyando olunokwenziwa ngumntu wonke. Ukuze ufanelekele oku, kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezilandelayo.
| Isiqinisekiso | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kobuso | Ukukhubazeka kobuso okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu okungenakunyangeka ngotyando lwesiqhelo lweplastiki okanye lokwakha ngokutsha. Oku kudla ngokuquka iimeko ezifana nokulahlekelwa yimpumlo, iinkophe, kunye nemilebe. |
| Ubudala | Yiba phakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-60 ubudala. |
| Ukukhulelwa | Ukungakhulelwa kwaye uzimisele ukulibazisa ukukhulelwa ubuncinane unyaka omnye emva kotyando. |
| Iintsholongwane ezikhoyo | Akukho zintsholongwane zinkulu ezifana ne -HIV okanye i-hepatitis . |
| Ukutshaya | Kunyanzelekile ukuba umntu angatshayi. |
| Ezinye izifo | Akukho mlando wokuba nomhlaza okanye isifo sentliziyo . |
| Ukufikelela kumayeza | Ukuba nakho ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo ukuthatha amayeza okunciphisa umzimba ubomi bakho bonke. |
Kutheni umntu enokwenza utyando olukhulu kangaka?
Ukufakelwa ubuso sisigqibo somntu ngamnye. Kubandakanya iingozi ezinkulu. Kuya kufuneka uthathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokubuyisela imeko esichengeni malunga nonyaka emva kotyando. Kuya kufuneka uphinde uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha ubomi bakho bonke.
Ithemba eliphambili labo benza olu tyando kukufumana isisombululo sokukhubazeka okukhulu ebusweni babo. Inokuba sisisombululo nakwezinye iingxaki ezibangelwa lolu kukhubazeka. Umzekelo:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ubunzima bokuthetha
- Ubunzima bokuhlafuna nokuginya
Olu tyando lukwanceda ekubuyiseleni le misebenzi.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando? Ngaba kukho amalungiselelo amaninzi?
Ewe, ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sotyando, kuya kufuneka wenze uthotho lovavanyo olubanzi nolucokisekileyo. Oku kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ngamacandelo amathathu.
1. Ifiziyoloji
Ugqirha wakho uza kuhlola ngononophelo umzimba wakho kunye nokusebenza kobuso bakho. Izihlunu zakho zobuso kunye nemithambo-luvo kufuneka zibe sempilweni ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa izicubu ezintsha ezifakelwayo. Umzimba wakho kufuneka ukwazi ukumelana nolu tyando lukhulu, uthathe amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba ubomi bakho bonke, kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokubuyisela umzimba kwimeko yesiqhelo.
2. Uvavanyo lwempilo yomzimba (Ngokwenyama)
Oku kuquka ukujonga impilo yakho iyonke. Oku kuquka imbali yosapho lwakho yeemeko zempilo, amayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku, imeko yentliziyo yakho kunye nezinye izitho zomzimba, uvavanyo lwegazi, ii-X-ray, kunye nee-computer tomography (CT) scans . Ngobuchwepheshe banamhlanje, kunokwenzeka nokuba wenze imodeli eprintiweyo ye-3D yentloko yakho ukuze ucwangcise ngqo indlela oluza kwenziwa ngayo utyando.
3. Ukulungiselela ingqondo
Iingcali zengqondo kunye nabasebenzi bezentlalo baya kuthetha nawe malunga noxinzelelo lwengqondo olunokuthi luve kuwe kunye nabo bakuxhasayo ngeli xesha lohambo. Umzekelo, ukulungiselela ingqondo yakho ingqalelo yoluntu kunye nengqalelo yeendaba emva kotyando, ukuqhela ubuso obutsha, kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho ngexesha lokuphiliswa.
Ungamfumana njani umnikeli?
Ukuba, emva kwazo zonke ezi mvavanyo, oogqirha bagqiba kwelokuba ufanelekile kolu tyando, uza kufakwa kuluhlu lwabantu abafanelekela ukunikela ngobuso. Oku kwahlukile kuxwebhu lomnikelo wezitho zomzimba esilusayina rhoqo xa sifumana ilayisenisi yethu yokuqhuba. Ukuze unikele ngobuso, kufuneka ufumane imvume ekhethekileyo kusapho lomfi.
Ubuso yinto ebonisa ubuwena bethu, iimvakalelo zethu. Ngoko ke into yokuba umntu kufuneka afe ukuze afakelwe ubuso ngolu hlobo inokuba nzima engqondweni kumntu olindileyo. Kodwa kusapho lomnikeli, ukwazi ukuba ukufa komntu amthandayo kuya kunceda omnye umntu luncedo kakhulu.
Kufuneka kubekho ukufana okuliqela phakathi komnikeli kunye nomguli.
| Isichazi-magama esihambelanayo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lwegazi | Ukulinganisa uhlobo lwegazi kuyimfuneko. |
| Uhlobo lwethishu | Oku kubalulekile ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwaliwa ngumzimba. |
| Ubufazi/ubudoda | Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu besini esifanayo bayathandana. |
| Umbala wolusu kunye nendalo | Kubalulekile ukuba nolusu olufana nesikhumba kunye nokwakheka kwaso kangangoko kunokwenzeka. |
| Ubudala kunye nobukhulu bobuso | Ukuba liqela leminyaka efanayo kwaye ubukhulu bobuso bufana. |
Ngenxa yezi migaqo zingqongqo, kusenokufuneka ulinde iinyanga, kwaneminyaka, ukuze ufumane umntu ofanelekileyo onikelayo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lotyando?
Wakuba umfumene umntu ofana naye, kuya kufuneka uze esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Umntu onikelayo udla ngokufa okanye aphelelwe yingqondo.
Ngexesha lotyando, iqela lezonyango liqala ngononophelo lisuse izicwili (ulusu, amafutha, izihlunu, imithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, i-cartilage) ebusweni bomnikeli. Emva koko zifakwa kwisisombululo esikhethekileyo, zipholiswe, kwaye zigcinwe.
Uza kufakwa i-anesthesia ngokupheleleyo kwaye ulale, ukuze ungabi nantlungu. Wakuba ulele, oogqirha baza kususa ulusu lwakho oluwonakeleyo kunye nezicwili. Eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo neyinkimbinkimbi yolu tyando kukudibanisa imithambo yegazi yakho kwimithambo yegazi ebusweni obutsha besebenzisa izixhobo zotyando ezintle kakhulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-vascularization . Xa oku kwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, izicwili ezintsha ziya kuba negazi kwaye ziya kuphila.
Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba ukujikeleza kwegazi kusebenza kakuhle, oogqirha badibanisa kwakhona imithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha. Xa imithambo-luvo idibene, ubuso bufumana imvakalelo (ukuchukumisa, ubushushu, ukubanda, intlungu). Xa imisipha idibene, ubuso buyakwazi ukushukuma (ukuncuma, ukufinga, ukuqhwanyaza). Ekugqibeleni, ulusu kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo ziyathungwa kunye.
Olu tyando luphela lungathatha ixesha elide kakhulu, ukusuka kwiiyure ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-36 .
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zalo tyando?
Njengalo naluphi na utyando olukhulu, olu luneengenelo kunye neengozi.
| Iingenelo | Iingozi kunye neengxaki |
|---|---|
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Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
Emva kokubuyela ekhaya uvela esibhedlele, kuya kufuneka ubuyele esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango oluqhelekileyo, unyango lomzimba, kunye nokuhlolwa kwezonyango ubuncinane iinyanga ezintathu.
- Ukudumba kobuso kudla ngokuncipha kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu .
- Emva kweenyanga ezimalunga nezintandathu, ukuziva ebusweni kuyaqala ukubuya.
- Emva konyaka, uninzi lwemisebenzi yobuso ibuyela kwisiqhelo.
Ngaba ndiza kufana ngqo nomnikeli?
Hayi. Awuyi kufana ngqo nomntu onikelayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba isakhiwo sethambo lekhakayi elingaphantsi kobuso bakho sikhethekile kuwe. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu zesikhumba somnikeli, ezinje ngamabala, iimpawu zokuzalwa, okanye amanxeba, zinokubonakala ebusweni bakho obutsha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa ubuso lutyando olunzima kakhulu nolungaqhelekanga olwenziwayo ukunyanga iziphene ezinzulu zobuso.
- Kufuneka udlule kuthotho lweemvavanyo ezinde nezicokisekileyo ukuze ubone ukuba ukulungele na ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo oku.
- Kungathatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukufumana umntu ofanelekileyo onikelayo.
- Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okunciphisa umzimba ubomi bakho bonke ukuthintela umzimba wakho ukuba ungawamkeli ubuso obutsha, nto leyo enokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokosulelwa zezinye izifo.
- Inkqubo yokuchacha inde kakhulu kwaye ifuna unyango oluqatha lomzimba, ukuzinikela, kunye nenkxaso eqinileyo yosapho.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ujongene nale meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa ngayo yonke into ngokukhululekileyo nangokucacileyo nogqirha wakho.
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