Umele ukuba uve amabali amaninzi afana nokuthi "Ukuba utya loo nto, uza kufumana umhlaza", "Ukuba uchukumisa oku, uza kufumana umhlaza". Ngamanye amaxesha awukwazi nokubona ukuba ezi zinto ziyinyani okanye aziyonyani. Kodwa eneneni, kukho izinto ezisingqongileyo, kwizinto esizisebenzisayo, nakwizinto esizityayo nesiziselayo ezonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza. Ezo zizinto esizibiza ngokuba "zii-carcinogens" kunyango. Ngoko masifumanise ngokuthe ngqo ngale nto namhlanje. Musa ukoyika, ukuqaphela oku yeyona nyathelo lilungileyo lokuzikhusela kumhlaza.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi zinto zibangela umhlaza?
Ngamafutshane, i-carcinogen yiyo nayiphi na into eyonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza emizimbeni yethu. Inokuba yinto efana nento ethile, imitha, okanye intsholongwane. Okwangoku, izazinzulu zichonge ii-carcinogens ezingaphezulu kwe-100 ezinjalo.
Cinga ngezi zinto zibangela umhlaza njengabahlobo ababi abanika iiseli zomzimba wethu iindlela ezingalunganga. Xa zingena emizimbeni yethu, zinika iiseli eziphilileyo imiyalelo engalunganga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zahlukane ngendlela engalawulekiyo. Yileyo ndlela iqala ngayo ithumba lomhlaza okanye i-leukemia.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onesifo somhlaza oza kuba nomhlaza, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo oko kuyandisa umngcipheko.
Ezi carcinogens zibangela njani umhlaza emzimbeni?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka sazi kancinci ngemfuza yomzimba wethu.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba umzimba wethu ngumatshini ontsonkothileyo kakhulu. Kukho incwadi equlethe yonke imiyalelo yokusebenza kwalo matshini. Le ncwadi siyibiza ngokuba yiDNA . Le DNA ingaphakathi kwizakhi zofuzo zethu. Le ncwadi yeDNA iqulethe yonke imiyalelo yendlela iiseli zethu ezimele ziziphathe ngayo, ixesha lokwahlukana, kunye nexesha lokuyeka.
Xa i-carcinogen ingena emzimbeni, iyonakalisa le ncwadi yemiyalelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-DNA. Kufana nokukrazula amaphepha encwadi uze ubhale izinto ezingafanelekanga.
- Ezinye izinto ezibangela umhlaza ziya ngqo kwi-DNA kwaye zonakalise.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, iindlela zomzimba wethu zokulungisa umonakalo kwi-DNA zibuthathaka ngenxa yezi zinto zibangela umhlaza.
Xa i-DNA yonakele ngandlela ithile, oko kukuthi, xa kubhalwa iimpazamo kwincwadi yemiyalelo, kwenzeka utshintsho (utshintsho) kwiijini. Ngenxa yale miyalelo ingachanekanga, iiseli zifumana imiyalelo efana nokuthi "zahlukana ngokukhawuleza, ungayeki." Kulapho ke iiseli ziqala ukwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye zenze iithumba ezinomhlaza.
Oku akwenzeki ngemini enye okanye ezimbini. Iicarcinogens ziyaqokelelana emizimbeni yethu kancinci kancinci, kwaye kuthatha iminyaka ukwenza lo monakalo.
Singazifaka njani ezi carcinogen emizimbeni yethu?
Sizibona singazi ukuba ezi zinto zibangela umhlaza kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Makhe sibone ukuba ziyenzeka njani.
- Ngenxa yeendlela zethu zokuphila:Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba (iicuba, ii-beedis, ii-cigar, icuba lokuhlafuna) kunye nokusela utywala zezona zizathu zimbini eziphambili.
- Kwindawo yokusebenza: Iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwezinye iifektri, iifama, kunye neendawo zokwakha zinokubangela umhlaza.
- Usulelo lweentsholongwane: Ezinye iintsholongwane, ezifana ne-human papillomavirus (HPV), zinokubangela umhlaza.
Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza ngenxa yokuvezwa kwi-carcinogen uxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.
- Ixesha olichithe uchaphazelekile: Umzekelo, umngcipheko womntu otshaye iminyaka emininzi uphezulu kakhulu kunowomntu ongazange atshaye.
- Ubungakanani bokuchatshazelwa: Umngcipheko womntu osela ibhotile yotywala ngosuku mkhulu kunowomntu osela ibhotile encinci rhoqo.
- Iimpembelelo zemfuza: Abanye abantu banembali yomhlaza kwintsapho yabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba basenokuba bazuze iinguqu ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza. Ukuba umntu onjalo uchaphazeleka yi-carcinogen, umngcipheko wakhe uphezulu kunowabanye.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-carcinogens?
I-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) yahlule ii-carcinogens zibe ngamaqela amathathu aphambili.
1. Izinto ezibangela umhlaza emzimbeni: Ezi ziquka iintlobo zemitha. Imizekelo ibandakanya imisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni kunye nemisebe ye-ionizing evela kwiimvavanyo zonyango ezifana nee-X-ray.
2. Iikhemikhali ezibangela umhlaza: Ezi zezona sichaphazeleka kakhulu kuzo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-asbestos, iikhemikhali ezifumaneka kwicuba, utywala, i-aflatoxin, i-fungus ekhula kwezinye ukutya, kunye ne-arsenic, efumaneka ngokwemvelo emanzini nasemhlabeni.
3. Izinto ezibangela umhlaza emzimbeni: Ezi zizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezithile, iibhaktheriya, okanye iiparasite.
Ezinye zezona zinto zibangela umhlaza phakathi kwethu
Ngoku makhe sijonge ezinye zezinto ezibangela umhlaza ezisondele kakhulu kubomi bethu kwaye esifanele siziqaphele. Olu lwazi luya kuba lula kuwe ukuluqonda kwitheyibhile.
| I-Carcinogenic | Inkcazo kunye nomhlaza onxulumene noko |
|---|---|
| Utywala | Okukhona usela utywala obuninzi, kokukhona umngcipheko wakho wokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, kuquka umhlaza wentloko nentamo, umhlaza wesibindi, kunye nomhlaza womqala. |
| Icuba | Iicuba, ii-beedis, ii-cigar, icuba elingenamsi (i-mawa, i-babul) kwanokuvezwa kumsi osetyenziswa ngomnye umntu zezona zinto zibangela umhlaza omkhulu. Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza wemiphunga. Ukongeza, ibangela umhlaza omninzi ofana nomhlaza womlomo nomhlaza womqala. |
| Imitha ye-UV elangeni | Le yinto ekufuneka uyiqaphele xa uhlala kwilizwe elinelanga elifana nelethu. Ukutshiswa lilanga kakhulu kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu. |
| Inyama ecutshungulweyo | Ukutya rhoqo inyama etyiweyo, etshayiweyo, okanye egcinwe ngenye indlela (umz., iisoseji, ibhekoni, iham) kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza we-colon. |
| I-Asbestos | Yayisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinto zokukhusela ubushushu kwizakhiwo ezindala nakwiindawo zokufulela. Ukuphefumla imicu yayo emincinci kunokubangela i-mesothelioma embi kunye neminye imidla yomhlaza wemiphunga, uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga. |
| IRadon | Le yigesi engenavumba okanye umbala. Le gesi ivela ngokwemvelo emhlabeni nasematyeni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokuqokelelana ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo. Ithathwa njengesizathu sesibini esiphambili somhlaza wemiphunga emva kokutshaya. |
Singenza ntoni ukuze sizikhusele kwi-carcinogens?
Konke oku kusenokuvakala kusoyikisa, kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba singathabatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kwi-carcinogens esinokuzilawula.
Khumbula, izinto eziphambili ezibangela umhlaza zinxulumene nemikhwa yethu yokuphila. Oko kuthetha ukuba singazitshintsha ezo mikhwa ngokwethu.
- Yiphephe ngokupheleleyo icuba: Ukuba uyatshaya, funa uncedo lokuyeka. Kuphephe nokuba sengozini yokutshaya umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu.
- Yeka okanye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Kungcono ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba akunakwenzeka, nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kube kuncinci kakhulu.
- Zikhusele elangeni: Kuphephe ukuba selangeni, ingakumbi phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa ne-4 emva kwemini. Ukuba uphuma, sebenzisa isambrela nomnqwazi. Ukufaka i-sunscreen kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo: Nciphisa ukutya okucutshungulwayo kwaye utye imifuno, iziqhamo kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
- Gonyelwa: Kukho imijovo yokukhusela kwiintsholongwane ezibangela umhlaza. Umzekelo, ungagonyelwa i-HPV, esona sizathu siphambili somhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kunye neHepatitis B, enokubangela umhlaza wesibindi.
- Lumka ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza: Ukuba usebenza ngeekhemikhali, sebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo (imaski yobuso, iiglavu) ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngaba kufuneka ndithethe nogqirha wam malunga nomngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uxhalabile ngale nto, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho okanye ugqirha ngayo.
Ukuthi ngqo,
- Ukuba utshaya okanye usela utywala rhoqo.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza (funda ngomngcipheko wofuzo).
- Ukuba ucinga ukuba umsebenzi wakho kukubangela ii-carcinogens.
Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela impilo yakho iyonke kunye nendlela ophila ngayo, achaze umngcipheko wakho, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, akucebise malunga novavanyo lokuhlolwa komhlaza.
Ulwazi ngamandla. Ngokuzazi ezi zinto zibangela umhlaza nokuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kuzo, uya kukwazi ukuphila ubomi obusempilweni. Kwaye uya kukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle koloyiko olungeyomfuneko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-carcinogen yinto eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza, kodwa ukuchatshazelwa yiyo akuthethi ukuba umhlaza uza kuvela.
- Izinto ezibangela umhlaza ezibangela umhlaza kakhulu yicuba notywala. Ezi zizinto esinokuzilawula.
- Umngcipheko ungancitshiswa ngakumbi ngokuzikhusela elangeni, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, nokufumana imigonyo efunekayo.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye uloyiko malunga nomngcipheko wakho womhlaza, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
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