Ngaba umntu omthandayo uzenza ngathi unesifo angenaso ngokwenene? ​​Masithethe ngale meko iyingozi (Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another - FDA)!

Ngaba wakha weva ngabantu abanyamekela umntwana, umntu omdala, okanye umntu okhubazekileyo ongaguliyo, bezenza ngathi bayagula baze bamse kugqirha baze bamnike amayeza? Oku kunzima kakhulu ukukucinga, kodwa kuyenzeka ngamanye amaxesha. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko yengqondo enzima kakhulu neyingozi kangaka.

Yintoni le FDA (Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another)?

Ngamafutshane, 'Ingxaki Yokungaziphathi Kakuhle Ebekwe Komnye' (i-FDA) yimeko yempilo yengqondo apho umntu onesi sifo ezama ukweyisela abanye, ingakumbi oogqirha, ukuba umntu onyamekela yena (umzekelo, umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala, umntu okhubazekileyo, okanye umntu omdala ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala) uyagula xa engenaso isifo.

Oku kwakubizwa ngokuba yi -'Munchausen syndrome' nge-proxy. Elo gama livela kumntu wembali owayebaxa amabali. Nangona kunjalo, igama elithi 'Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another' ngoku lisetyenziswa ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo le ndlela yokuziphatha.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba olu hlobo lokuzenzisa luyingozi kakhulu. Kuba lunokubangela ukuba umntu ongenatyala, onenkathalo, enze uvavanyo lwezonyango olungeyomfuneko, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ade enze utyando oluyingozi. Oku kwenzeka xa amaqela ezonyango ezama ukufumanisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene.

Oku kuthathwa njengokugula ngengqondo kunye nohlobo lokuxhatshazwa . Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokufumana uncedo kumntu one-FDA kunye nexhoba elingenakunceda.

Le meko ayiqhelekanga kangako kuluntu. Kwakhona, akukho zibalo zichanekileyo zokuba bangaphi abantu abanayo. Kuba uninzi lweziganeko azifumaneki.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Oogqirha abazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela oku, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokubangela oku:

• Ukonzakala okukhulu, ukuxhatshazwa, okanye ukungakhathalelwa kwixesha elidlulileyo: Mhlawumbi wakha wahlangabezana nento efana nale usengumntwana.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumzali okanye umntu okhathalela umntwana: Le meko inokubangelwa kukungakwazi ukumelana nokulahlekelwa okunjalo.
• Uxinzelelo olukhulu: Xa ubomi buziva buxinezelekile kakhulu ukuba bungathwalwa.
• Imfuneko enkulu yokuhoywa ngabanye: Umnqweno wokuba abanye bathethe baze bazixabise bona kunye nokuzinikela kwabo.

Ezi zezinye zezizathu eziphambili ezichongiweyo.

Zithini iimpawu zomntu onesi sifo?

Ukuba unale meko ye-FDA, unokukwazi ukwenza izinto ezinje:

• Uxelela ugqirha ukuba umntu omkhathalelayo uneempawu ezingekhoyo ngokwenene.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, omnye umntu uyalimala emzimbeni ukuze abangele iimpawu (umzekelo, ngokugodla ukutya ukuze ayeke ukutyeba).
• Ukutshintsha iziphumo zeengxelo zovavanyo lomnye umntu (umzekelo, ngokuxuba enye into kwisampuli yomchamo).
• Ziphazamisana nesicwangciso sonyango somnye umntu kwaye zimthintela ekubeni aphile.

Zithini iimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuba umntu uba lixhoba?

Ukuba ulixhoba lale meko ye-FDA, ungabona iimpawu ezifana nezi kumntu oza kukhathalelwa:

• Awusoze umshiye yedwa , okanye umvumele angabikho emehlweni akho.
• Usenokuba nembali yokulaliswa esibhedlele rhoqo, ukuvavanywa, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango .
• Iingxelo zonyango zisenokungangqinelani kwaye zisenokuphikisana.
• Iimpawu zisenokungahambelani nesifo esinye, okanye kungenakwenzeka ukufumana isigulo esiqinisekileyo .
• Iimpawu zisenokubonakala ekhaya kuphela , kwaye zisenokungabonakali phambi kogqirha.
• Kunokuthiwa iimpawu zaphela ngelixa usesibhedlele, kodwa zanda kwakhona xa ufika ekhaya .
• Ngamanye amaxesha, iisampulu zegazi okanye zomchamo ezivavanywe kwilebhu zisenokungahambelani nohlobo lwegazi lomntu okanye umchamo , okanye zinokubonisa ubungqina bokuba ungcolisiwe.

Khawucinge nje, kukho umntwana omncinci, umama wakhe uhlala emsa esibhedlele, emxelela ngesifo esinye emva kwesinye. Nokuba oogqirha benze uvavanyo olunye emva kolunye, akukho sifo sifumanekayo. Kodwa xa ebuyela ekhaya, umama uphinda athi umntwana usengxakini. Mhlawumbi xa kungekho gqirha, umama uzenza ngathi uyagula ngokwenza into ethile kumntwana. Le yingozi ye-FDA.

Ingaba oku kubangelwa lilifa? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Isizathu semfuza se-FDA asikafunyanwa, oko kuthetha ukuba asisosifo esizuzwa njengelifa .

Nangona kunjalo, le meko ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini abanyamekela abantwana . Ixhaphake kakhulu nakubantu abaneengxaki zobuntu .

Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonwa kubantu abafunyaniswe benesi sifo ziquka:

• Unolwazi olukhulu ngonyango lwezonyango nolwazi lwezempilo.
• Unobuhlobo kakhulu kwaye uqhelene lula nabanye .
• Unomdla kakhulu kwaye uzinikele njengomnakekeli.

Ngenxa yezi mpawu, ngamanye amaxesha abanye abakrokreli nto.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le meko?

Enyanisweni, kunzima kakhulu koogqirha ukuyiqonda le meko ye-FDA. Kuba, into esisiseko ngale meko kukunganyaniseki nokukhohlisa.Ugqirha uza kuqala asuse naziphi na ezinye izifo ezinokubakho ezinxulumene neempawu umntu omthandayo anazo. Kulapho ke aza kuqwalasela ukuba ngaba unesifo se-FDA. Oku kungathatha ixesha .

Ugqirha uza kuqala abuze ngeempawu zomntu omthandayo aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nolunye uvavanyo. Baza kukubuza ngembali yabo yezonyango kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho. Ngeli xesha, ugqirha uza kunikela ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha ezifana nezi:

• Ngaba uya rhoqo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zonyango ukuze ufumane unyango?
• Ngaba imbali yezonyango iyaphikisana?
• Ngaba uziva ungathandi ukubonelela ngeerekhodi zonyango kwangaphambili, okanye ukuxoxa ngale nto nabahlobo kunye nosapho?
• Ngaba oogqirha abavumelekanga ukuthetha nomntu ofumana unyango bodwa?

Ukuba ukrokrela into efana nale, ugqirha uza kuthetha nawe ngale ndlela yokuziphatha aze aqinisekise ukuba wena nomntu omnyamekelayo nikhuselekile.

Iikhrayitheriya zokuxilonga ze-FDA kwi-'DSM-5'

Ngokutsho kwe-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, uhlelo lwesihlanu (DSM-5), kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nemigaqo elandelayo ukuze kufunyanwe ukuba une-FDAI:

• Ukukhohlisa ngokuyinkohliso ngokuzenza ngathi uneempawu zomzimba okanye zengqondo, okanye ukubangela ukwenzakala okanye ukugula, ngenjongo yokukhohlisa abanye.
• Omnye umntu ubonisa omnye umntu (ixhoba) kwabanye njengogulayo, obuthathaka, okanye olimeleyo .
• Le ndlela yokuziphatha ekhohlisayo ayenziwa ngolindelo lwenzuzo enkulu, ebonakalayo .
• Le ndlela yokuziphatha ayibangelwa yenye imeko yempilo yengqondo .

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Injongo yokuqala yokunyanga i-FDA kukutshintsha iindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa gwenxa okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezixhobo zonyango . Okulandelayo, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukhangela izizathu ezisisiseko zokuziphatha kwakho.

Oogqirha baza kusebenzisana ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu omnyamekelayo akakho sengozini kwaye akafumani vavanyo okanye unyango olungeyomfuneko. Ixhoba, oko kukuthi, umntu omnyamekelayo, linokufuna uncedo malunga noku:

• Ukumsusa ekukhathalelweni kwakho nokumbeka ekukhathalelweni ngomnye umntu.
• Ukunyanga naziphi na iingozi okanye izifo asenokuba nazo.
• Ukuthetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo , ingcali yezonyango, okanye omnye umntu osebenza ngezonyango malunga neemeko ezifana nePost -Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), ukuDakumba, kunye nokuxhalaba okunokubangelwa lolu xhatshazo.

Ukuze anyange izizathu ezibangela ukuziphatha kwakho, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwi-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).Ungathunyelwa kwinkqubo ye-psychotherapy efana nale. Injongo yolu nyango kukuchonga indlela iingcinga neemvakalelo zakho ezichaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha kwakho. Ikwakufundisa ukubaluleka kokunyaniseka . Umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo unokukunceda utshintshe indlela ocinga ngayo nendlela oziphatha ngayo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, i-FDA yimeko enzima kakhulu ukuyinyanga, efuna unyango olude kunye nenkxaso . Iinkonzo zentlalo, amapolisa, iinkonzo zokukhusela abantwana, iinkonzo zokukhusela abantu abadala, kunye noogqirha bonke kufuneka basebenzisane njengeqela ukuze bayeke le ndlela yokuziphatha.

Ngaba le meko ingathintelwa? Zithini iziphumo ezibi ezinokubakho?

Akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela le meko. Nangona kunjalo, ukufuna unyango kwangoko nje ukuba iimpawu ziqale kunokunceda ukunciphisa umonakalo . Umzekelo, ukususa umntu omnyamekelayo kunokunceda ukuthintela umonakalo ongeyomfuneko.

Imeko ye-FDA inokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu. Eminye yayo yile:

• Imiba yezomthetho (oku kuxhatshazwa lulwaphulo-mthetho).
• Ixhoba liqhubeka lixhatshazwa .
• Xa umntwana oxhatshaziweyo efikelela ebudaleni, usenokuba nemeko apho azidalela khona izifo (`Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self`) .
• Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ixhoba lisenokufa .

Ezi ziphumo zinzima zinokuthintelwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuba le meko ifumana unyango olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza.

Ufanele ucele uncedo nini? Ufanele ubuze bani?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu osondeleyo kuwe ubonakalisa ezi ndlela zokuziphatha ze-FDA, fowunela ugqirha okanye unontlalontle ngoko nangoko . Ukuba ubona iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa, zixele kwiNkonzo zoKhuseleko lwaBadala okanye kwiiNkonzo zoKhuseleko lwaBantwana ezifanelekileyo. Ukuba umntu usengozini ekhawulezileyo, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukufowunela i-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni.

Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale ukuze ufumane ulwazi malunga nomntu ocinga ukuba une-FDA:

• Uya kangaphi kugqirha?
• Ngaba uya kugqirha omnye, okanye utshintshatshintshana phakathi koogqirha abaninzi?
• Uziva njani umntu omkhathaleleyo emva kokuvavanywa kangako?
• Ngaba umntu omkhathaleleyo uneempawu nangona ungekho?
• Ngaba uziva uxinezelekile kakhulu njengomnakekeli?

Kodwa khumbula, kuba imeko ye-FDA inokukhokelela ekuziphatheni okukhohlisayo, usenokungafumani zimpendulo zicacileyo kule mibuzo. Xa uzama ukuqokelela ulwazi, kuphephe ukubuza imibuzo etyholayo . Yiya kwincoko ngendlela enobubele nebuza imibuzo.

Ngamafutshane, izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule

Ingxaki Yokwenene Ebangelwa Komnye Umntu (i-FDA) yimeko enzima ukuyifumanisa, ukuyinyanga, kwaye iyingozi kakhulu. Le ndlela yokuziphatha ekhohlisayo inokukhokelela kwiingxaki zobomi bonke.

Kodwa, lo mjikelo wokuxhatshazwa unokupheliswa . Musa ukuthandabuza ukuba nencoko enyanisekileyo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, nxibelelana nezibonelelo kwinqanaba likazwelonke nelasekuhlaleni. Wonke umntu obandakanyekayo angafumana uncedo. Awuwedwa .

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, nceda uthethe nogqirha othembekileyo.

Ingxaki Yobuxoki Ebekwe Kwenye, i-FDA, iMunchausen syndrome yi-proxy, impilo yengqondo, ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana, ukugula okungekho mthethweni, ukuxhatshazwa kokunyamekela