Ukukhulelwa lixesha elikhethekileyo nelinika ithemba ebomini bomama. Yonke into esiyityayo nesiyiselayo ngeli xesha iya ngqo komntwana osesiswini. Ngoko ke, ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba umama angamchaphazela njani umntwana wakhe ukuba usela utywala ngeli xesha? Usenokuba uvile ukuba "ukusela kancinci kulungile," kodwa ngaba yinyani leyo? Namhlanje sithetha nge-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), imeko enzima enokuchaphazela ubomi bomntwana bonke ukuba usela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?
Ngamafutshane, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) yimeko enganyangekiyo, engapheliyo eyenzeka kumntwana ongekazalwa xa umama esela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Yingqokelela yeempawu. Abantwana abanale meko banokuba neengxaki ezinkulu ngophuhliso lomzimba, uphuhliso lobuchopho, kunye nokuziphatha.
Le meko ikwicandelo elibanzi elibizwa ngokuba yi -Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) , nto leyo ethetha ukuba kukho uluhlu lweziphumo ezinokwenzeka emntwaneni ngenxa yokuchatshazelwa butywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. I-FASD yeyona inzima kwaye ibonakalisa ngokucacileyo ezi meko.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba le meko inokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo . Into onokuyenza kukuphepha ngokupheleleyo ukusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Akunamsebenzi nokuba yiwayini, ibhiya, okanye utywala, naluphi na uhlobo lotywala lunokubangela lo monakalo.
Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezikhoyo kudidi lwe-FASD?
Nangona i-FAS iyeyona ndlela imbi kakhulu yale meko, imiphumo yotywala inokuchaphazela abantwana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Zonke ezi ziphumo ziwela phantsi kwegama elibanzi elithi ii-FASD. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezinye iimeko.
| Igama lemeko (Imeko) | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo sotywala esingenanxalenye kwimveku (pFAS) | Aba bantwana banokuba nezinye zeempawu ze-FAS (umzekelo, utshintsho oluthile ebusweni), kodwa abanazo zonke iimpawu ezifunekayo ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba bane-FAS epheleleyo. |
| Ingxaki yophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental enxulumene notywala (ARND) | Abanatshintsho luninzi emzimbeni, kodwa uphuhliso lwabo lwengqondo luyachaphazeleka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nokungakhathali, ubunzima bokugxila, ukwenza izigqibo ezingalunganga, kunye nokusebenza kakubi esikolweni. |
| Iziphene zokuzalwa ezinxulumene notywala (ARBD) | Ichaphazela kakhulu amalungu omzimba. Iziphene zokuzalwa zinokuvela entliziyweni, emehlweni, kwithambo, ezindlebeni nasezintso. |
| Ingxaki yokuziphatha kwengqondo enxulunyaniswa nokuchasana notywala ngaphambi kokukhulelwa (ND-PAE) | Aba bantwana bachitha utywala obuninzi ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Banobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (njengokuhlamba). Banobunzima bokunxibelelana nabantu ngenxa yeengxaki zokuziphatha ezifana nomsindo omkhulu. Bakwanazo nezakhono zokukhumbula nezokuyila ezingasebenzi kakuhle. |
Utywala buyichaphazela njani imveku esesiswini?
Xa umama esela utywala, utywala budlulela ngqo kumntwana ngentambo yomlomo. Umzimba womntwana awukwazi ukunyibilikisa utywala ngendlela umzimba womntu omdala obenza ngayo. Ngoko ke utywala buhlala emzimbeni womntwana ixesha elide , njengetyhefu. Oku konakalisa kakhulu ukukhula okuqhelekileyo komntwana, ingakumbi ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi .
Nantsi indlela owenzeka ngayo umonakalo:
- Utywala bunokutshabalalisa iiseli kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba womntwana, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amalungu omzimba angakhuli kakuhle.
- Utywala bukwaphazamisa indlela iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikhula ngayo kwaye zihamba ngayo ziye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho.
- Utywala bubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe, nto leyo enciphisa inani legazi elifikelela kwi-placenta. Oku kuncitshisa umntwana ioksijini kunye nezondlo azidingayo.
- Iimveliso ezinobungozi ezenzeka xa imizimba yethu ichitha utywala ziqokelelana kwiiseli zobuchopho bomntwana zize zizonakalisa.
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba utywala buyingozi kuphela kwiinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Loo nto ayilunganga ngokupheleleyo. Amalungu abalulekileyo njengengqondo yomntwana ayakhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ke ngoko, ukusela utywala nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuyingozi kumntwana.
Kuthekani ukuba ndisela utywala ngelixa ndiceba ukuba nomntwana?
Ukuba uzama ukukhulelwa, kungcono ukuyeka utywala kwasekuqaleni. Uninzi lwexesha, awuzazi ukuba ukhulelwe de kube ziiveki ezi-4-6 zokukhulelwa kwakho. Kodwa ezo veki zimbalwa zokuqala zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni komntwana wakho. Ukusela utywala ngelo xesha ungaqondi ukuba bunokulimaza umntwana wakho.
Zithini iimpawu ze-FAS?
Iimpawu ze-FAS zingahluka kumntwana ngamnye. Abanye abantwana banokuba neempawu ezimbalwa kuphela, ngelixa abanye banokuba nazo zonke. Ezi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziingxaki zomzimba nezengqondo/zokuziphatha.
| Uhlobo oluneempawu | Izinto onokuzibona |
|---|---|
| Ekuzalweni nasebuntwaneni (Iintsana) | |
| Iimpawu zomzimba |
|
| Iimpawu zokuziphatha |
|
| Ukukhula (Ubuntwana bokuqala nangaphezulu) | |
| Iingxaki zengqondo nokufunda |
|
| Iingxaki zentlalo nezokuziphatha |
|
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le meko?
I-FAS ngamanye amaxesha inokuba nzima ukuyixilonga kuba akukho vavanyo lwegazi oluchanekileyo lwayo, kwaye ayingabo bonke oomama abazimisele ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo malunga nokuba basele kangakanani na okanye basele kangakanani ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Kodwa ugqirha wezingane angasixilonga esi sifo ngokujonga iimpawu zomntwana kunye nembali yakhe. Baza kugxila kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Umama wayesela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Iimpawu ezithile zobuso (impumlo ethe tyaba, umlomo ongaphezulu obhityileyo, amehlo amancinci).
- Iingxaki zokukhula (ukulahlekelwa bubude nobunzima ekuzalweni naxa umntwana ekhula).
- Iingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (iingxaki zokuziphatha nezeemvakalelo ezifana nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo, ubunzima bokugxila, ukwenza izigqibo ezingalunganga).
Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu ze-FAS zinokufana nezezinye izifo, ezifana ne -Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) okanye i-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo kugqirha onamava ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo.
Ukuba usele utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho kunye nogqirha womntwana wakho ngaphandle koloyiko okanye iintloni. Oku kuya kunceda umntwana wakho afumane uncedo kunye nonyango aludingayo ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaba kukho unyango lwe-FAS?
Ngelishwa, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo . Yimeko ehlala ubomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba akukho nto sinokuyenza. Ngokunika umntwana unyango olufunekayo kunye nenkxaso kwasebuntwaneni , impembelelo yeempawu inokuncipha kwaye ukomelezwa okukhulu kunokunikezelwa kuphuhliso lomntwana kunye nobuchule bakhe.
Iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:
- Ukunika amayeza okulawula ezinye iimpawu, ezifana neengxaki zokungakhathali kunye nokuziphatha.
- Ukubonelela ngonyango lokuziphatha nokufundisa iingxaki zeemvakalelo nokufunda.
- Indlela engcono yokunceda umntwanaUkufundisa abazali .
Uqeqesho lwabazali lunceda iintsapho ukuba zijongane nemingeni yokuziphatha, yemfundo, neyentlalo enokujongana nayo umntwana wazo. Ukuba nendawo ezinzileyo, enothando, nexhasayo ekhaya kunokunceda umntwana one-FAS ukuba oyise iingxaki zengqondo anokujongana nazo kamva ebomini.
"Izinto zokhuseleko" ezinceda umntwana
Uphando lufumanise ukuba ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokunciphisa iziphumo ezimbi ze-FAS:
- Ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka emi-6 ubudala.
- Ukuba nekhaya elinothando, elixhasayo nelizinzileyo ngexesha lesikolo.
- Ukungabikho kobundlobongela ebomini bomntwana.
- Ukufumana inkxaso kwimfundo ekhethekileyo kunye neenkonzo zentlalo.
I-FAS iyichaphazela njani imeko yokuba ngumntu omdala?
I-FAS ayipheli. Umntu ozelwe nale meko kuya kufuneka aphile neempawu ubomi bakhe bonke. Ukuba akafumani unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso xa esemncinci, unokuba neengxaki ezingaphezulu xa ekhulile. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba "ziziphumo zesibini."
Imizekelo yazo:
- Ukubakho kweengxaki zempilo yengqondo.
- Ukungena engxakini esikolweni okanye nasemthethweni.
- Ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi okanye utywala.
- Ubunzima bokuhlala wedwa.
- Ubunzima bokufumana okanye ukuhlala emsebenzini.
Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuchonga esi sifo kwasebuntwaneni nokubonelela ngenkxaso efunekayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sotywala esibangelwa kukungaseli komntwana (i-FAS) sisifo esibi, esichaphazela ubomi bakhe bonke esibangelwa kukungaseli komntwana xa umama esela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Le meko inokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo . Into ekufuneka uyenze kukuyeka ngokupheleleyo utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa naxa uzama ukukhulelwa.
- Akukho nto ibizwa ngokuba "ngumlinganiselo okhuselekileyo wotywala" okanye "uhlobo olukhuselekileyo lotywala" ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Iwayini, ibhiya, okanye utywala zonke zinokuba yingozi.
- Ukuba ubusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, thetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunokunceda umntwana wakho afumane uncedo aludingayo.
- Nangona i-FAS ingenakunyangwa, unyango lwangethuba kunye nendawo enothando nexhasayo inokunceda umntwana aphile ubomi obuphumelelayo.
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