Khawuthelekelele ulele kamnandi ebusuku, utye wasela kamnandi, kodwa ngequbuliso uvuke kusasa unesisu esibuhlungu. Uziva ngathi ufuna ukubalekela kwigumbi lokuhlambela, okanye uziva ngathi ufuna ukuhlanza. Uziva ngathi awuziva kakuhle. Mhlawumbi nawe ukhe wahlangabezana nale meko, akunjalo? Ixesha elininzi, oku kungenxa yokutya esiza kuthetha ngako, okanye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiFood Poisoning. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula.
Zithini iimpawu zokutyhefeka kokutya?
Ityhefu yokutya yinto eyenzekayo xa sisitya okanye sisela into eneentsholongwane okanye ezinye iityhefu. Imizimba yethu ilumkile kakhulu ngayo, kwaye izama ukukhupha ezi zinto zingafunwayo. Ukugabha kunye norhudo (ukuphuma kwindle) zezona ndlela zimbini ziphambili umzimba okhupha ngazo ezi tyhefu. Nangona oku kungathandeki emzimbeni, eneneni ngumzamo womzimba wokukwenza uphile kwakhona.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa zezi:
- Urhudo (intlungu yesisu)
- Ukuhlanza
- Intlungu yesisu kunye nokuhlanza
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Umzimba ongenabomi
- Ngamanye amaxesha umkhuhlane
Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala phakathi kweeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu emva kokutya ukutya okungcolisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane engene emzimbeni. Ezinye iintsholongwane zithatha ixesha elide ukuba zivele. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba esi sifo siphele ngokukhawuleza xa sifika. Uninzi lwexesha, iimpawu ziyaphela kwiiyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-48 . Nangona kunokuvakala ngathi yintlungu eninzi ngelo xesha, kudla ngokuba bhetele kwiintsuku ezimbini.
Kutheni sifumana ityhefu yokutya? Zithini izizathu?
Eyona nto ibangela ukubola kokutya ziintsholongwane . Ezi ntsholongwane zinokukhula ekutyeni ngenxa yeempazamo ezincinci ezenziwa ngexesha lokulungiselela nokugcina ukutya. Cinga ngezinto ezifana nezi:
- Izithako ezisetyenziswa ukwenza ukutya azintsha .
- Ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana nemifuno neziqhamo ngaphandle kokuzihlamba kakuhle .
- Indawo apho kulungiselelwa khona ukutya, izitya, kunye nezandla zomntu olungisa ukutya azicocekanga .
- Andiyi kupheka inyama nentlanzi de ziphekwe kakuhle ngaphakathi .
- Ukushiya ukutya okuseleyo ngaphandle emva kokupheka endaweni yokukufaka efrijini ngoko nangoko .
Ayizizo iibhaktheriya kuphela, kodwa neentsholongwane , iiparasites, kunye neefungi zinokubangela ukuba ukutya kubole. Ezi zinokudluliselwa ngamanzi esiwaselayo, indawo etyalwe kuyo imifuno, okanye nokuba umntu ogulayo uchukumisa ukutya.
Iintlobo eziphambili zeentsholongwane ezichaphazela ukonakala kokutya
Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-250 zeentsholongwane ezinokubangela ityhefu yokutya. Phakathi kwazo, makhe sifunde ngezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo nezidumileyo ezikwaxhaphakileyo kwilizwe lethu.
| Igama lentsholongwane | Ixhaphake phi? | Amanqaku abalulekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| I-Salmonella | Amaqanda aluhlaza, njengenkukhu engaphekwanga kakuhle. | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo ehlabathini kwaye lunokuba nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba lufune ukulaliswa esibhedlele. |
| I-E. coli | Inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle (ingakumbi inyama yenkomo), imifuno eluhlaza. | Ezinye iintlobo ze-E. coli zivelisa izinto ezinobungozi emathunjini ethu. |
| IListeria | Ezinye iintlobo zetshizi, iisoseji, kunye nenyama ecoliweyo. | Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu koomama abakhulelweyo . |
| iNorovirus | Ukutya kwaselwandle okungaphekwanga kakuhle njengee-oysters, imifuno eluhlaza. | Le yeyona nto ibangela isifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-stomach flu. Ingasasazeka lula kumntu onesifo. |
| IHepatitis A | Amanzi amdaka, ukutya kwaselwandle okufana neentlanzi ezinamagqabi. | Le ntsholongwane inokonakalisa isibindi sethu. |
| IShigella | Iisaladi ezinemayonnaise (ezifana ne-tuna, iitapile, isaladi yenkukhu). | Xa oku kusenzeka, urhudo lunokuhambisana negazi okanye i-mucus. |
Ingaba esi sifo siyasulela?
Ewe, iintsholongwane ezininzi ezibangela ukutyhefeka kokutya zinokudluliselwa komnye umntu ziye komnye .
Ukuba umntu ogulayo akazihlambi kakuhle izandla zakhe emva kokuhlanza okanye ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese, iintsholongwane zingahlala ezandleni zakhe, kwizibambo zomnyango, nakwiimpompo. Omnye umntu ochukumisa ezo ndawo unokuzifumana ezi ntsholongwane. Yiyo loo nto ezi zifo zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza ezikolweni nakwiindawo zokulala. Ucoceko lomntu, ngakumbi ukuhlamba izandla, lubaluleke kakhulu .
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokutyhefeka kokutya?
Nabani na unokufumana ityhefu yokutya. Kodwa abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le tyhefu, kwaye ukuba bayayifumana, inokuba yingozi kakhulu. Isizathu soku kukuba inkqubo yabo yokuzikhusela komzimba ibuthathaka . Ngamafutshane, aba ngabantu abanenkqubo yabo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ebuthathaka kancinci.
Makhe sibone ukuba ngubani osengozini enkulu:
- Abantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala: Amajoni abo omzimba akakakhuli ngokupheleleyo.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala: Ukuzikhusela komzimba ngokwemvelo kuyancipha njengoko sikhula.
- Oomama abakhulelweyo: Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kukho utshintsho kwindlela yokuzikhusela yomzimba, nto leyo ebenza babe sesichengeni sokufumana izifo.
- Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo: Abantu abanezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, umhlaza, nesifo sezintso baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka.
- Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza athile: Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa amajoni omzimba nabo basengozini enkulu.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki onokuzoyika?
Uninzi lwexesha, ukugaya ukutya kuyaphucuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, iingxaki ezinkulu zinokwenzeka. Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo nexhaphakileyo kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni . Njengoko ukuhlanza norhudo kuqhubeka, amanzi amaninzi kunye neetyuwa ziyalahleka emzimbeni. Le yeyona ngozi inkulu.
Ezinye iingxaki ezinkulu (kodwa ezingaqhelekanga):
- Ukuphuphuma kwesisu: Ukuba umama okhulelweyo wosulelwe yiListeria, inokwenzakalisa umntwana osesiswini.
- Ukonakala kwezintso: Ezinye iintlobo eziyingozi ze-E. coli zinokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
- I-Arthritis: Iintsholongwane ezifana neSalmonella zinokubangela ukudumba kwamalungu kamva.
- Ukonakala kwengqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: Ezinye iintsholongwane zinokubangela izifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-meningitis.
Udinga nini ukubona ugqirha?
Nangona le meko idla ngokulawulwa ekhaya, kwezinye iimeko kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko . Ukuba unezi mpawu zilandelayo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho. Ukuba inzima kakhulu, yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
| Isiganeko/Impawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Abo bafuna unyango olukhethekileyo | |
| Amaqela omngcipheko | Ukuba ukhulelwe, unomntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala , okanye ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kwaye unale mpawu, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. |
| Iimpawu Zesilumkiso | |
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe -102°F (38.9°C) kwaye uyaqhubeka. |
| Ukopha | Ukuba kukho igazi eliphumayo kunye nokuhlanza okanye urhudo. |
| Iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni | Ukuphuma komchamo okuphantsi kakhulu, umchamo otyheli/omdaka omnyama , umlomo nemilebe eyomileyo, isiyezi esigqithisileyo. |
| Ezinye iimpawu eziqatha | Ukubona okufipheleyo, ubunzima bokuthetha, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo. |
Loluphi unyango olunokwenziwa ekhaya?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubuyisela amanzi alahlekileyo emzimbeni.
- Qhubeka usela amanzi kunye nolwelo . Musa ukusela kakhulu ngaxeshanye, kuba oku kunokubangela ukugabha.
- Kulungile kakhulu ukusela iiOral Rehydration Salts (ORS) ezinyibilikiswe emanzini, onokuzithenga kwikhemesti. Ziya kubuyisela iityuwa ezifunekayo emzimbeni wakho.
- Xa uziva ungcono kancinci, zama ukutya ukutya okulula, okungenawo amafutha njengebhanana , irayisi, kunye nesonka .
- Yeka ukutya ubisi neemveliso zobisi, ukutya okunamafutha, nokutya okuneziqholo kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuphumla kakuhle .
Khumbula, musa ukuthatha amayeza okulwa norhudo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Urhudo yindlela yomzimba yokukhupha iintsholongwane. Ukuba uyayiyeka, isenokukulibazisa ukuphinda uphile.
Ungayiphepha njani ityhefu yokutya?
Ityhefu yokutya yinto esinokuyithintela ngokulula. Ifuna nje unonophelo oluncinci xa silungiselela kwaye sisitya ukutya. Khumbula la manyathelo mane alula.
| Indlela | Kwenziwe ntoni |
|---|---|
| Ukucoca (Ukucoca) | Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi phambi kokuba ulungiselele kwaye utye ukutya. Hlamba imifuno neziqhamo kakuhle ngamanzi. Gcina iindawo zokulungiselela ukutya (iikhawuntara, iibhodi zokusika) kunye nezitya zicocekile. |
| Yahlukile | Gcina inyama eluhlaza, intlanzi, kunye namaqanda kude nezinye ukutya (ingakumbi iisaladi kunye nokutya okuphekiweyo). Kungcono ukusebenzisa iibhodi ezimbini zokusika ezahlukeneyo, enye yenyama kunye nenye yemifuno. |
| Pheka kakuhle | Pheka ukutya okufana nenyama, intlanzi, namaqanda de kuphekwe kakuhle . Kufuneka kushushu ngokwaneleyo ukubulala iintsholongwane. |
| Phola | Beka ukutya okuseleyo efrijini kwiiyure ezimbini emva kokupheka. Ukukushiya ngaphandle kukhuthaza ukukhula kweebhaktheriya. Ungalibali ukujonga umhla wokuphelelwa kokutya efrijini. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ityhefu yokutya ayidli ngokuba yingxaki enkulu kwaye idla ngokuphela kungekapheli usuku okanye ezimbini.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo omawuyenze ngeli xesha kukuphumla nokusela amanzi amaninzi (amanzi, iti) .
- Ukucinga ngokhuseleko lokutya (ukucoca, ukwahlula, ukupheka kakuhle, kunye nokufaka efrijini) yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha oku.
- Ukuba unomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukopha, okanye iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni , bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza .
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