Ngaba siyazi ngokwenene nge-frostbite?

Sonke siyayithanda ingqele. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba loo ngqele iba nkulu kakhulu? Khawuthelekelele ukwindawo efana neNuwara Eliya ngemini ebanda kakhulu, okanye uphesheya ngenxa yokufunda okanye umsebenzi kwaye kukho ikhephu elikhulu. Ngaba wakha wacinga ngomonakalo onokwenziwa kulusu lwethu ngamaxesha anje? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi "Frostbite" kwezonyango. Ngamafutshane, ngenxa yokubanda kakhulu, iiseli zethu zesikhumba kunye nezicubu ziyabanda, njengokubanda kwamanzi, kwaye zonakele. Oku kufana nokuba ulusu lutshiswa yingqele. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masifunde yonke into malunga neFrostbite ngendlela elula kakhulu nencoko.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-frostbite?

I-Frostbite kukonakala okwenzeka xa ulusu lwethu luvezwa kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), angaphantsi kweqondo lokubanda kwamanzi. Ulusu lwethu lwenziwe ngamanzi angaphezu kwama-60%. Ngoko ke xa kubanda kakhulu, la manzi aqala ukujika abe zii-ice cubes. Ezi ice cubes zonakalisa iiseli zesikhumba kwaye zinqande ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwezo ndawo. Oku kunokubangela nokufa kwezicubu. Kwizonyango, sikwabiza oku ngokuba kukufa kwezicubu (necrosis) .

Kukho iimeko ezininzi apho le meko inokwenzeka khona:

• Ebusika.
• Xa kukho umoya onamandla.
• Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo njengeencochoyi zeentaba.
• Xa kungekho ndawo yokuzikhusela emakhazeni.

Khumbula, nokuba unxibe impahla efudumeleyo, i-frostbite isenokubakho phantsi kweempahla zakho. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-frostbite, phuma emakhazeni uze ungene endlwini ngoko nangoko . Emva koko bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) . Unyango lwangethuba lunokuthintela umonakalo omkhulu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-frostbite?

Nabani na ochaphazeleka ngumkhuhlane ogqithisileyo unokuba nale meko. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiminwe, iinzwane, impumlo, kunye neendlebe, ezingamalungu omzimba wethu achaphazeleka kakhulu ngumkhuhlane.

Amaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu ngala:

• Abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 nangaphezulu kwama-65: Abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala banamandla aphantsi okulawula ubushushu bomzimba wabo.
• Abantu abahlala kwaye basebenza kumazwe anemozulu ebandayo: Kuba bahlala bechatshazelwa yingqele.
• Abo bangenamakhaya okanye abangenazo iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo.
• Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo ezifihlakeleyo: Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana nesifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle, ukungondleki kakuhle, isifo sikaRaynaud, i-hypothyroidism, isifo samathambo, okanye isifo seswekile.
• Abantu abasebenzisa iimveliso zecuba: Ukutshaya kubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe, nto leyo enciphisa ubuninzi begazi eliya emalungeni.

Zithini izigaba ze-frostbite?

I-Frostbite ayibi mbi ngaxeshanye. Ikhula kancinci kancinci ngamanqanaba amathathu. Kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zigaba zintathu kuba ukuba uziqaphela kwangethuba, ungawuphepha umonakalo omkhulu.

Ingaba kunokwenzeka ukuba andazi ukuba ndinesifo se-frostbite?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo kunjalo. Eyona nto imbi nge-frostbite kukuba iyayithuntubeza ulusu lwakho, ukuze ukwazi ukuhamba ungakhange uve nto. Usenokungawuboni umahluko emva kokuba ubuyile ekhaya uvela emakhazeni. Yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ukuba unciphise ixesha lakho ngaphandle ngexesha lokubanda kakhulu.

Ungazi njani ukuba abantwana abancinci bane-frostbite?

Kunzima kancinci ukufumanisa ukuba umntwana omncinci unale meko. Iintsana azingcangcazeli njengabantu abadala. Abantwana abadala banomdla kakhulu wokudlala kangangokuba abazi nokuba bayabanda. Yiyo loo nto thina, njengabazali, kufuneka silumke kakhulu.

Ukuba ukhupha umntwana wakho ebanda nokuba lixesha elifutshane, njengemizuzu eli-10, mjonge ngononophelo xa umfumana. Khangela naluphi na utshintsho kumbala wolusu lwakhe, olufana nokubomvu, ukuba mdaka, okanye ukuba ngwevu. Ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho, tsalela umnxeba ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba abantwana abadala bebedlala ebanda ixesha elingaphezu kwesiqingatha seyure, batshintshe iimpahla zabo ezimanzi, ubafake kwiimpahla ezomileyo, uze uzisonge kakuhle ngengubo. Kulungile nokubahlamba ngamanzi afudumeleyo . Kodwa ungaze usebenzise amanzi ashushu .

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba unesifo se-frostbite? Uncedo lokuqala kunye nonyango.

Unyango lwe-frostbite luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba elikulo.

Ukuba unesigaba 1 (iFrostnip):

Ungayilawula le nto ekhaya.

1. Phuma emakhazeni ngoko nangoko: Ngena endlini okanye kwindawo efudumeleyo ngokukhawuleza.

2. Susa impahla ebandayo: Susa ngobunono izinto ezifana neeglavu, izihlangu, kunye neekawusi. Susa nayiphi na imisesane okanye iiwotshi, ukuba zikhona. Ukuba unempahla emanzi, nxiba impahla eyomileyo.

3. Zifudumeze kancinci: Beka ulusu olonakeleyo kwisitya samanzi afudumeleyo (angashushu) kangangemizuzu engama-30. Oku kufanele kwenziwe kancinci.

4. Kuphephe ubushushu obuthe ngqo: Musa ukuchukumisa nantoni na ngqo kwizifudumezi, amadangatye, njl. Ulusu lwakho alunangqondo kwaye awukwazi ukuluva ubushushu, obunokubangela ukutsha.

5. Musa ukuhlikihla: Ungaze uhlikihle ulusu olonakeleyo. Ukwenza njalo kungonakalisa ngakumbi izicubu.

Ukuba kukho iimpawu zesigaba sesibini okanye sesithathu:

Esibhedlele, oogqirha banikezela ngonyango olufana nolu:

• Ukufudumeza umzimba: Fudumeza ulusu ngamanzi afudumeleyo okanye amalaphu afudumeleyo namanzi kangangemizuzu engama-30.
• Ukufaka amayeza emanxebeni:Ulusu olonakeleyo luyacocwa, kufakwe isibulali-ntsholongwane, kwaye iminwe ibotshelelwe ngokwahlukeneyo ukuze inganamatheli.
• Ukujonga ukujikeleza kwegazi: Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ulwelo lunikwa ngomgca we-IV (saline) ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi.
• Ukunika amayeza: Kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo kunye neentlungu ezifana ne-Ibuprofen.
• Unyango lwe-oksijini: Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, unokunikwa i-oksijini ecocekileyo phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy'. Oku kunceda izicubu ziphilise ngokukhawuleza.
• Utyando: Kwezinye zezona meko zinzima kakhulu, ukususwa kwezicubu ezifileyo kunokufuneka ngotyando, ngamanye amaxesha kude kufuneke kunqunyulwe iindawo ezifana neminwe.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-frostbite?

Bathi, “Ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga.” Ngoko ke khumbula ezi zinto ukuze uhlale ukhuselekile kwingqele.

• Kuphephe ukubanda: Jonga iingxelo zemozulu kwaye uhlale ngaphakathi kangangoko unako ngeentsuku ezibandayo kakhulu.
• Nciphisa uhambo lwakho: Ukuba kufuneka uphume, yiza kwindawo efudumeleyo rhoqo emva kwemizuzu eli-15-20, uhlale ithutyana, uze uphinde uhambe.
• Nxiba ngokufanelekileyo: Nxiba impahla eneempahla ezixineneyo. Ukunxiba impahla ekhululekileyo nekhululekileyo kuvumela umoya ukuba ujikeleze phakathi kweempahla, nto leyo ekunceda ukuba uhlale ufudumele. Gquma iindlebe zakho, impumlo, nomlomo ngeekawusi ezifudumeleyo, umnqwazi, iiglavu (iiglavu zingcono kuneeglavu), kunye ne-muffler.
• Tshintsha impahla emanzi ngoko nangoko: Ukuba impahla yakho imanzi, nokuba kukubila okanye likhephu, tshintsha impahla eyomileyo ngoko nangoko.
• Gcina ukujikeleza kwegazi lakho kulungile: Musa ukunxiba impahla okanye izihlangu eziqinileyo. Musa ukuhlala kwindawo enye, qhubeka uhambahamba.
• Kuphephe utywala nokutshaya: Nangona ukusela utywala kunokukwenza uzive ushushu, kodwa kubangela ukuba umzimba wakho ulahlekelwe bubushushu ngokukhawuleza. Ukutshaya kuyayinciphisa imithambo yegazi.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweFrostbite, Chilblains kunye neHypothermia?

Nangona zonke ezi meko zintathu zibangelwa kukubanda, zahlukile enye kwenye.

• Iqabaka: Njengoko besitshilo, ukuchatshazelwa ngamaqondo obushushu aphantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-0°C) kubangela umonakalo kwizicubu zolusu.
• IiChilblains: Oku kwenzeka xa ujongene namaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwengqele, kodwa ebanda . Zibangela amabala abomvu, arhawuzelelayo, avuvukileyo eluswini. La maxesha amaninzi awanabungozi kwaye aphiliswa ngokwawo.
• I-Hypothermia: Le yeyona iyingozi kakhulu kwezi zintathu. Oku kwenzeka xa ubushushu bomzimba wonke, kungekuphela nje kolusu, buhla ngendlela engaqhelekanga (ngaphantsi kwama-95°F okanye ama-35°C). Le yingxamiseko yezonyango enokuba yingozi ebomini.

Kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu abe neFrostbite kunye neHypothermia ngaxeshanye.