Ngaba wakha waqaphela ukuba xa ushukumisa kancinci isityalo setshili, isityalo setamatato, okanye isityalo seentyatyambo esityalwe kakuhle emyezweni wakho, inqwaba yezinambuzane ezincinci ezimhlophe zibhabha ngequbuliso ziye phezulu? Yiyo loo nto sithetha ngayo: iimpukane ezimhlophe, okanye 'iimpukane ezimhlophe' njengoko zibizwa ngesiNgesi. Ezi zidalwa zincinci zizinambuzane ezinkulu ezinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emyezweni wakho kunye nezityalo ezinkulu. Ukuba azilawulwa ngexesha, zinokusasaza izifo kwizityalo kwaye zitshabalalise isivuno sonke. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngendlela yokuzibona ngokufanelekileyo ezi impukane ezimhlophe kwaye sisindise igadi yethu kuzo.
Ngoobani la ma-whiteflies?
Nangona igama labo lisithi 'impukane', ngokwesayensi, ezi azizo iimpukane ngokwenene. Ziphantsi kwe-'Homoptera' engaphantsi. Olu luhlobo olufanayo oluquka ii-aphids kunye nee-cicadas, ezihlala kwimithi efana ne-guava. Okubenza bakhetheke kukuba baneendawo zomlomo ezinokugqobhoza izityalo kwaye zifunxe incindi.
Kukho iintlobo ze-whiteflies ezingaphezu kwe-1500 kwihlabathi liphela. Kodwa ayizizo zonke ezisasaza izifo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezonakalisa izityalo kumazwe ethu. Makhe sijonge imizekelo embalwa.
| Impukane emhlophe | Inkcazo elula |
|---|---|
| Impukane emhlophe yendlu eluhlaza (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) | Olu hlobo lolona luxhaphakileyo. Lonakalisa imifuno efana neekhukhamba, iitumato, kunye nelettuce, ingakumbi ezo zikhuliswe egadini, kunye neentyatyambo zokuhombisa. |
| Impukane emhlophe yesilivere (iBemisia argentifolia) | Ezi zinambuzane zibangela umonakalo omkhulu kuba zifunxa incindi yezityalo ezininzi kunezinye. Igama lazo livela kwinto yokuba xa zonakalisa izityalo ezifana namathanga, amagqabi ajika abe nombala wesilivere. |
| Ibhabhathane eliswiti elimhlophe (Bemisia tabaci) | Olu hlobo alonakalisi nje kuphela izityalo zebhatata ezimnandi, kodwa lukwalimaza nezinye izityalo ezininzi. Okumangalisayo ngalo kukuba alunazo izibulali zinambuzane ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, kunzima ukululawula. |
| Impukane emhlophe enemiphetho (Trialeurodes abutilonea) | Nangona zifana nezinye, ezi zinemigca emaphikweni azo. Zonakalisa izityalo ezifana nomqhaphu, iigeraniums, kunye nehibiscus (intyatyambo yezihlangu). |
Zibukeka njani ezi impukane ezimhlophe?
Imbonakalo yeempukane ezimhlophe iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomjikelo wobomi bazo.
- Amaqanda: Imazi ibeka amaqanda amhlophe okanye amdaka kancinci phantsi kwegqabi lesityalo. La maqanda ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye abe mfusa aze aqandusele kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
- I-Nymph: I-larva encinci ephuma eqandeni inomzimba othe tyaba, omile okweqanda, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ihlala egqabini ize iqale ukufunxa incindi ngokufaka umlomo wayo egqabini.
- I-Adult: I-whitefly ekhule ngokupheleleyo ifana ne-white moth encinci. Inamaphiko amane amhlophe kunye nomzimba otyheli. Ine-white coating efana ne-wax emzimbeni wonke.
Luhlobo luni lomonakalo olubangelwa ziimpukane ezimhlophe kwizityalo?
Iimpukane ezimhlophe zonakalisa iintlobo zezityalo ezingaphezu kwe-1,000. Zifaka umlomo wazo emagqabini esityalo zize zifunxe incindi . Oku kuyaqhubeka, kusenza buthathaka isityalo.
Ukongeza, zifunxa incindi zize zikhuphe into enamathelayo efana nobusi ebizwa ngokuba yi "honeydew." Xa le nto ingena emagqabini, kuvela isikhunta esimnyama . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "sooty mold." Oku kuthetha ukuba amagqabi awafumani ukukhanya kwelanga okwaneleyo kwaye awakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba isityalo asinakwenza ukutya. Oku kunokukhokelela ekukhuleni okungalindelekanga kunye nokunciphisa isivuno. Kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, isityalo sinokufa.
Ngamafutshane, iimpukane ezimhlophe zifunxa amandla esityalo, zisasaze izifo, kwaye zisenza buthathaka isityalo.
Ungaziqonda njani iimpawu zomonakalo?
Hlala ujonge ezi mpawu ukuze wazi ukuba kukho umonakalo kwi-whitefly egadini yakho.
- Amagqabi ajika abe tyheli, abune, aze awe ngaphambi kwexesha.
- Kuvela amabala amancinci akhanyayo okanye amthubi kumagqabi.
- Izityalo azikhuli kakuhle, akukho magqabi amatsha.
- Ukuziva kunamathela emagqabini kunye nomngundo omnyama.
- Xa isityalo sishukunyiswa, iimpukane ezimhlophe ziyabhabha ziziimbumbulu.
Ungazilawula njani ezi zinambuzane?
Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthatha amanyathelo okulawula umonakalo ngaphambi kokuba ube mbi kakhulu. Nazi ezinye iindlela onokuzama ngazo.
1. Uthintelo
- Yigcine icocekile: Soloko ugcina igadi yakho nendawo yokutyala icocekile. Susa ukhula namagqabi afileyo, njengoko iimpukane ezimhlophe zinokubeka amaqanda kwezi ndawo.
- Jonga izityalo ezintsha: Xa uzisa isityalo esitsha kwindawo yokugcina izityalo okanye kwenye indawo, sijonge ngononophelo ukuba asinazo iimpukane ezimhlophe okanye amaqanda, ingakumbi phantsi kwamagqabi.
- Iimbambo Ezinamathelayo Ezityheli: Iimpukane ezimhlophe zitsalwa ngumbala otyheli. Ukuba ufaka into enamathelayo, njengegrisi, kwibhegi yepolythene etyheli uze uyixhome kufutshane nezityalo, ziya kunamathela kuyo. Le yindlela elungileyo yokulawula nokujonga iimpukane ezimhlophe.
2. Ulawulo lwebhayoloji
Oku kuthetha ukusebenzisa ezinye "izinambuzane ezinobuhlobo" ezitya iimpukane ezimhlophe. Umzekelo, iimbungu ze-lacewing zitya iimpukane ezimhlophe. Ezi zinambuzane zinobuhlobo zingathengwa kubathengisi bezolimo. Le yindlela enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
3. Ukusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane
Ukuba umonakalo mkhulu, kunokufuneka usebenzise isibulali-zinambuzane, kodwa kungcono ukusisebenzisa njengesisombululo sokugqibela .
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba usebenzisa isibulali-zinambuzane, landela imiyalelo ekwibhotile okanye kwipakethi ngqo . Musa ukusebenzisa ngaphezu komlinganiselo ocetyisiweyo. Qiniseka ukuba unxibe impahla yokuzikhusela efana nemaski yobuso kunye neeglavu.
Amaxesha amaninzi, xa kusetyenziswa isibulali-zinambuzane esifanayo rhoqo, iimpukane ezimhlophe ziyaqhelana naso kwaye zinokuba nokumelana naso. Ke ngoko, kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ngokutshintshana, ngengcebiso evela kumntu onolwazi, njengegosa lezolimo.
Ingakumbi khumbula! Izibulali-zinambuzane ziikhemikhali ezinobungozi. Zinokuba yingozi kakhulu ukuba zithanjiswe emzimbeni, zifuthwe, okanye zityiwe ngengozi. Ngoko ke, zigcine ngokukhuselekileyo, kude nabantwana abancinci kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya.
Yintoni omawuyenze xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo?
Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imeko engxamisekileyo yokutyhefa, thatha isigulane ngokukhawuleza usise kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane . Kwakhona, fowunela iZiko loLwazi lweePoison kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ukuze ufumane ingcebiso. Soloko uthatha ibhotile okanye ileyibhile yesibulali-zinambuzane osisebenzise ukubonisa ugqirha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iimpukane ezimhlophe zizinambuzane eziyingozi ezifunxa incindi yezityalo, zizenze buthathaka, kwaye zisasaze izifo.
- Jonga izityalo zakho zasegadini rhoqo, ingakumbi phantsi kwamagqabi.
- Ukuthintela ukonakala kwezinambuzane yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza. Ukugcina igadi icocekile nokujonga izityalo ezintsha kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukuba usebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane, zijonge njengenyathelo lokugqibela. Landela iindlela ezikhuselekileyo kwaye ubhale iilebheli ngononophelo.
- Ukuba ingxaki inzima okanye ukufumanisa kunzima ukuyilawula, funa uncedo kwigosa lezolimo lasekuhlaleni okanye kumntu omaziyo.
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