Ingaba unomhlaza kwinyongo yakho? Masifunde ngomhlaza wenyongo.

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba nelungu elincinci emzimbeni wethu, esingathi ngamanye amaxesha singalinikeli ngqalelo ingako, linokuba sisifo esibi kakhulu? Kunjalo ke nge-gallbladder. Le meko ebizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we-gallbladder inokwenzeka. Nangona oku kunqabile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomhlaza we-gallbladder ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni umhlaza wenyongo?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wenyongo kuxa iiseli ezikwinyongo yakho ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga nangokukhawuleza, zingalawuleki. Ezi seli zezo sizibiza ngokuba ziiseli ezinobungozi.

Ngoku unombuzo, yintoni le gallbladder kwaye yenza ntoni? I-gallbladder sisitho esincinci esikwicala lasekunene lesisu sethu, phantsi kwesibindi, kwaye simile njengepere encinci. Umsebenzi waso ophambili kukuqokelela nokugcina inyongo, ulwelo oluveliswa sisibindi, kunye nokusinceda sitye ukutya okunamafutha esikutyayo. Ifana netanki yamanzi.

Lo mhlaza udla ngokuqala kumaleko omncinci ngaphakathi kwinyongo. Oogqirha bawubiza ngokuba yi-'mucosal maleko' . Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi seli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka kwiindonga zenyongo zize ziphume.

Into ebuhlungu kukuba, lo mhlaza awubonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni kwawo. Ngenxa yoko, ngamanye amaxesha ufunyanwa ngengozi emva kotyando ukuze kususwe inyongo ngesinye isizathu.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye isuswe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando, lo mhlaza unethuba eliphezulu lokunyangwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha abantu abaninzi abafunyaniswa ngalo, umhlaza sele usasazeke ngaphaya kwenyongo. Ngelo xesha, unyango luba nzima ngakumbi.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le mhlaza?

Xa kuthelekiswa namazwe afana ne-United States, kunzima kancinci ukufumana izibalo ezichanekileyo ngalo mhlaza eSri Lanka. Nangona kunjalo, kwamanye amazwe ehlabathi, umzekelo, kumazwe afana ne-Indiya, iJapan, neKorea, kubonakala ngakumbi. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba ukwakheka kwamatye enyongo kunye nezinye iimeko ezonyusa umngcipheko walo mhlaza zixhaphake kakhulu kuloo mazwe.

Zithini iimpawu? Ngaba kunzima ukuzibona kwangaphambili?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, umhlaza wenyongo awubonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Nokuba iimpawu zibonakala, zihlala zifana nezo zibangelwa ngamatye enyongo okanye ukuvaleka kwe-bile duct, ngoko ke zinokubhideka lula.

Iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonwa zezi:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu kwinxalenye ephezulu ngasekunene yesisu .
• Ukutyheli kolusu kunye namehlo amhlophe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -jaundice .
• Ndiziva ngathi ndinesilonda esiswini.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuziva ngathi isisu sakho sigcwele (ukudumba).
• Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Kutheni olu hlobo lomhlaza luvela?

Umhlaza wenyongo uvela xa iiseli eziphilileyo ziba ziiseli zomhlaza kwaye ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Oku kwenzeka xa utshintsho, olubizwa ngokuba yi -'mutations' , luvela kwizinto zemfuza kwiiseli zethu. Olu tshintsho lwemfuza luvela ngokuhamba kwexesha, kungekhona kubazali bethu.

Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni iiseli eziphilileyo zijika ngequbuliso zibe ziiseli zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, zichonge ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana lo mhlaza.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Kukho amaqela neemeko ezininzi ezikubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana lo mhlaza:

• Abafazi basengozini enkulu kunamadoda.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala basengozini enkulu. (Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuxilongwa kwesi sifo bumalunga nama-72 eminyaka.)
• E-United States, kufunyenwe ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu baseMelika abangamaNdiya, ama-Alaskan Native, kunye neentlanga zaseMexico-American.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi:

• Ubukho okanye imbali yangaphambili yamatye enyongo .
• Ukuba neepolyps zenyongo ( izihluma ezincinci ezifana nomhlaza).
• Ukudumba okungapheliyo kwenyongo (i-cholecystitis) .
• Usulelo oluhlala ixesha elide olubangelwa yintsholongwane iSalmonella typhi, ebangela umkhuhlane wetyphoid.
• Iikhalsiyam ezidityanisiweyo eludongeni lwenyongo (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'porcelain gallbladder ').
• Ukudumba kwexesha elide kwe-bile ducts ( i-primary sclerosing cholangitis ).
• Ukwakheka kwee-cysts kwi-duct ye-bile ephambili ( ii-cysts ze-choledochal ).
• Ukutyeba kakhulu .

Ukongeza, ukutshaya kunye nokuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezithile ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni amalaphu kunye nerabha kucingelwa ukuba kuyandisa umngcipheko.

Uyibona njani le nto?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, umhlaza wenyongo udla ngokufunyaniswa kade kuba iimpawu zawo zokuqala azikho nzulu kwaye iimpawu zawo ziyafana nezinye izifo. Ngamanye amaxesha ufunyaniswa ngengozi, nokuba kungenxa yamatye enyongo okanye ngexesha lotyando lokususa inyongo.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unomhlaza wenyongo, uza kukuxilonga, akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango, aze emva koko acele uvavanyo oluthile.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi, iiskeni ezahlukeneyo, kwanotyando oluncinci.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi (Uvavanyo lwelebhu):
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa amanqanaba ezinto ezithile ezikhutshwa sisibindi. Oku kunokunika umbono wokuba ingaba umhlaza wenyongo uchaphazele isibindi na.
• Uvavanyo lwe-CEA (i-Carcinoembryonic antigen): I-CEA luphawu lwethumba olukhutshwa ziiseli eziphilileyo kunye nezomhlaza. Amanqanaba aphezulu oku angaba luphawu lomhlaza wenyongo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-CA 19-9: Olu luphawu lwethumba. Amanqanaba aphezulu alo anokuba luphawu lomhlaza wenyongo okanye wepancreatic.

• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Olu vavanyo lunokunceda oogqirha babone ukuba umhlaza ukhona na kwaye ukuba usasazekile na.
• I-ultrasound yesisu: Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yezitho zesisu. Ukuba oku kubonisa into efana nethumba lenyongo, ungacelwa ukuba wenze i-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan.
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography scan): Uhlobo lwe-X-ray lusetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zamalungu angaphakathi.
• I-MRI scan (i-magnetic resonance imaging): Isebenzisa i-magnet, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba.
• I-ultrasound ye-Endoscopic: Imifanekiso yendlela yokugaya ithathwa kusetyenziswa isixhobo esifana netyhubhu esibizwa ngokuba yi-endoscope.
• I-ERCP (i-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography): Inkqubo ethatha imifanekiso ye-X-ray yemibhobho yenyongo. Umhlaza wenyongo unokubangela ukuba le mibhobho inciphe.

• Utyando oluncinci:
• I-Biopsy: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu ezikrokrelekayo uze uzihlole phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. I-biopsy yeyona ndlela yokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo umhlaza we-gallbladder.
• I-Laparoscopy: Kule nkqubo, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera (ebizwa ngokuba yi-laparoscope) esiswini ngomngxunya omncinci ukuze kuhlolwe i-gallbladder kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo. Oku kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza?

Ukujonga umhlaza ngendlela ugqirha wakho anokuthi agqibe ngayo ukuba umhlaza usasazeke (usasazeke) ngaphaya kwendawo owaqala kuyo. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani, ugqirha wakho uya kunika umhlaza wakho inombolo (ukusuka kwi-zero ukuya kwi-4). Amanani aphezulu athetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba wakho.

Nazi izigaba zomhlaza wenyongo:

• Inqanaba 0 (Inqanaba 0 - `i-carcinoma in situ`): Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, ezinokuba ngumhlaza zifumaneka kumaleko angaphakathi (mucosa) wenyongo.
• Inqanaba loku-1: Iiseli zomhlaza zikwi-layer ye-gallbladder kwaye zisenokuba zisasazeke kwi-muscle layer ye-gallbladder.
• Inqanaba lesi-2:Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya komaleko wezihlunu uye kufikelela kumaleko ezicubu ezidityanisiweyo zenyongo.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza usasazeke kwisibindi okanye kwezinye izitho ezikufutshane, okanye kumaleko angaphandle (umaleko we-serosal) wenyongo. Usenokuba usasazeke nakwii-lymph nodes.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kwezintathu ze-lymph nodes ezikufutshane, imithambo yegazi, kunye/okanye amalungu omzimba akude ne-gallbladder.

Oogqirha babiza umhlaza wenyongo wesigaba soku-1 ngokuthi "wendawo." Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga ngaphandle kwenyongo. Umhlaza wesigaba soku-1 unamathuba amaninzi okunyangwa. Umhlaza wesigaba sesi-2, sesi-3, nesesi-4 kunzima ukuwunyanga.

Isasazeka njani le ntsholongwane?

Umhlaza wenyongo uqala kumaleko angaphakathi enyongo uze usasazeke uye kumaleko angaphandle. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, unokusasazeka uye kuma-lymph nodes akufutshane, esibindini, nakwezinye izitho zomzimba, ezifana nemibhobho yenyongo. Umhlaza wenyongo osasazekayo unokusasazeka ngenkqubo ye-lymphatic, igazi, okanye kwizitho ezikude emzimbeni.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Inqanaba lomhlaza limisela iindlela zonyango kunye neenjongo zonyango. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza, injongo ephambili kukususa ngokupheleleyo umhlaza kwaye uyeke ukubuya kwawo. Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, injongo yonyango kukwandisa ubomi kunye nokulawula iimpawu.

Unyango lomhlaza okwinqanaba lokuqala

Umhlaza wenyongo okwinqanaba lokuqala, onokususwa ngotyando, uneziphumo ezilungileyo zonyango.

• Utyando: Ugqirha wotyando (ugqirha womhlaza) uza kususa inyongo yakho kunye nezicubu ezichaphazelekayo ezijikeleze yona. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-cholecystectomy . Ngamanye amaxesha kususwa inyongo kuphela (i-cholecystectomy elula), kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ii-lymph nodes eziqulethe iiseli zomhlaza okanye inxalenye yesibindi, njengenyongo, nazo zinokususwa (i-cholecystectomy eyandisiweyo).
• Unyango ngemitha: Kule meko, umatshini ongaphandle komzimba (i-EBRT - unyango ngemitha yangaphandle) uqondisa imisebe yemitha kwindawo yomhlaza. Le misebe ibulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye inciphise ukukhula kwethumba. Oku kwenziwa ngendlela enciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Olu nyango lunokunikwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokushiyeka emva kotyando. Unyango ngemitha lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Olu nyango lusebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ukuba zingaphindaphindeki. Njengonyango lwemitha, unyango lwekhemotherapy lunceda ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwekhemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Unyango lwe-cancer engasebenziyo, ephindaphindayo, okanye esasazekayo

Umhlaza ongenakususwa ngotyando (`ongasuswayo`), obuyileyo emva konyango (`oluphindaphindayo`), okanye oluye lwasasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba (`olusasazekayo`) kunzima ukuwunyanga ngokupheleleyo. Nangona unyango olufana nonyango lwemitha kunye ne-`chemotherapy` lungenakuwuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umhlaza, lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu zakho kwaye longeze ubomi bakho. Kwakhona, ukuba umhlaza uvala umbhobho wakho wokutya, utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kuncitshiswe ezo mpawu.

Kwezi meko, unokufumana ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi . Uvavanyo lweklinikhi zizifundo ezivavanya unyango olutsha kunye neendlela ezintsha zonyango ezikhoyo. Ezinye zeendlela zonyango ezivavanywayo okwangoku kuvavanyo lweklinikhi lomhlaza wenyongo ziquka:

• Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo: Unyango olujoliswe kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza ezineenguqu ezithile zemfuza.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Unyango oluqinisa inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuze ikwazi ukubona nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• IiRadiosensitizers: Unyango olwenza iiseli zomhlaza zibe buthathaka ngakumbi kunyango lwemitha.

Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba uyakufanelekela na uvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho iingozi zokosuleleka, iingxaki ezivela kwi-anesthesia, kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi. Ufanele uxoxe ngazo zonke ezi zinto nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango.

Kubalulekile nokuba uqaphele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ze-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation therapy. Ayingabo bonke abantu abafumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngendlela efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokukuchazela ukuba zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ngokuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela oku?

Akukho ndlela iqinisekileyo yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo umhlaza wenyongo. Nangona kunjalo, ungazama ukunciphisa izinto ezibangela umngcipheko esizixubushe ngaphambili kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Umzekelo, ungathetha nogqirha wakho kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza njalo akunakuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba awuyi kuba nomhlaza.

Inokwenzeka njani into yokuba umntu aphinde aphile?

Umhlaza wenyongo udla ngokufunyaniswa emva kokuba isifo sisasazekile, ngoko ke i-prognosis ayilunganga. Kuphela malunga nama-20% omhlaza wenyongo afunyaniswa ekwinqanaba lokuqala. Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu kubantu abanomhlaza osasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (owaziwa ngokuba yi-metastasized) liphantsi njenge-2%. Nangona kunjalo, xa umhlaza ufumaneka kwinyongo, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba lokuqala, izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu linyuka liye kuma-66%.

Oko kuthetha ukuba, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, kukho ithemba elikhulu lokuchacha!

Yintoni onokuyenza xa uphila nomhlaza?

Ukufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza wenyongo kunokuba nzima ukujongana nawo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuxilongwa kwakho, izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zonyango lwakho, kunye nesicwangciso sakho sokuchacha. Iqela lakho lokhathalelo lomhlaza yindawo efanelekileyo yokukuchazela konke oku.

Ukunxibelelana neengcali ezibonelela ngononophelo lokuthomalalisa kunokukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho. Unyango lokuthomalalisa yinkonzo egxile kwintuthuzelo neemfuno zakho, nokuba imeko yakho injani na. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ufuna unyango lokuthomalalisa.

Ufanele ubuze ntoni kugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha wakho, bhala uluhlu lwemibuzo onayo malunga nomhlaza wenyongo. Umzekelo, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka ndizenze ukuze ndikwazi inqanaba elichanekileyo lomhlaza wam?
• Umhlaza wam wenyongo ungakanani kwinqanaba?
• Yeyiphi indlela yonyango engcono kum?
• Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho zezi ndlela zonyango?
• Zeziphi izixhobo ezikhoyo zokuxhasa ngeli xesha?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Umhlaza wenyongo yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa imbi kakhulu. Ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba neempawu zomhlaza wenyongo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula ukuba nangona ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokubonisa iimpawu kwasekuqaleni, umhlaza wenyongo usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu zicacileyo de kube sekupheleni kwesi sifo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna unyango kwangethuba.

Ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba, esi sifo siyanyangeka kakhulu. Ngoko ke, musa ukungazihoyi iimpawu. Nyamekela umzimba wakho kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango xa kuyimfuneko.

Umhlaza wenyongo, umhlaza wenyongo, iimpawu zomhlaza, inyongo, amanqanaba omhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, i-CEA, CA 19-9