Ungayicinga imizimba yethu njengencwadi enkulu yemiyalelo. Siyibiza imiyalelo emincinci kule ncwadi yemiyalelo ngokuthi "iigenes" . Ezi genes zimisela yonke into emizimbeni yethu, umzekelo, umbala wamehlo ethu, ubume beenwele zethu. Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha impazamo encinci kwenye yemiyalelo kule ncwadi yemiyalelo, oko kukuthi, ukuba unobumba utshintshiwe, unokubangela izifo ezinzulu. Namhlanje sithetha ngendlela yezonyango ephucukileyo kakhulu elungisa loo miyalelo ingachanekanga, okanye ifake umyalelo omtsha ochanekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-gene therapy.
Yintoni unyango lwezakhi zofuzo ngokulula?
Ngamafutshane, unyango lwezakhi zofuzo yindlela ekhethekileyo yokunyanga iingxaki zezakhi zofuzo. Izakhi zofuzo zomzimba wethu zinika imiyalelo yokwenza iiproteni. Ukuba i-gene iyatshintsha okanye iba nesiphako, iproteni eyivelisayo inokwenziwa ngendlela engalunganga okanye iyekwe ngokupheleleyo. Yiyo le nto ibangela iingxaki zezakhi zofuzo.
Unyango lwe-gene lutshintsha i-gene engalunganga ebangela isifo , okanye lunike iiseli zakho ikopi entsha esebenzayo ye-gene . Olu lunyango oludla ngokuba lolwexesha elinye. Emva kolu nyango, umzimba wakho uyakwazi ukwenza iiproteni ozifunayo ngokuchanekileyo, nto leyo ephelisa iimpawu.
Lusebenza njani olu nyango?
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ezisebenza ngazo unyango lwezakhi zofuzo. Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ingezantsi ukuze sikuqonde kakuhle oku.
| Indlela yonyango | Kalula nje... | Wenza ntoni? |
|---|---|---|
| Ukongeza iGene | Ukufaka ijini entsha elungileyo. | Ukuba iproteni efunekayo ayiveliswanga emzimbeni ngenxa yesiphene kwi-gene ethile, ikopi ye-gene ephilileyo enokwenza loo proteni ifakwa kwiiseli. |
| Ukuhlelwa kweGene | Ukulungisa i-gene enengxaki. | Izazinzulu zisebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana neCRISPR/cas9 "ukunqumla nokuncamathisela" ijini enesiphene ebangela isifo. Emva koko, loo jini iqala ukuvelisa iproteni efanelekileyo. |
| Ukuthulisa iJini | Ukucima i-gene engalunganga. | Ezinye iijini zisebenza gwenxa kwaye zenze iiproteni eziyingozi emzimbeni. Le ndlela iyawumisa umsebenzi wejini enika imiyalelo engachanekanga. Oko kukuthi, iyavalwa. |
Uzifaka njani ezi gene ziguquliweyo emzimbeni?
Kulungile, ngoku unombuzo: Uzifumana njani ezi gene eziguquliweyo emzimbeni? Izazinzulu zipakisha ezi gene kwinto efana nepasela. Le pasela ibizwa ngokuba yi "vector." Le vector idla ngokuba yintsholongwane eguquliweyo ngokukodwa.
Musani ukukhathazeka! Le ayisiyontsholongwane esigulisayo. Isuse ngokupheleleyo amandla ayo okusigulisa, kwaye endaweni yoko ifakwe kwiijini zethu eziphilileyo. Njengesithuthi sokuhambisa, umsebenzi walo matshini kuphela kukuthwala iijini nokuzihambisa kwiiseli ezifanelekileyo.
Kwezinye iindlela zonyango, ezinye zeeseli zakho zegazi ziyathathwa, zitshintshwe kwilebhu, zize zibuyiselwe emzimbeni wakho. Kwezinye iimeko, isithwali esiqulathe ezi jini sinikwa njengenaliti okanye njenge-infusion emthanjeni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iiseli ezinezi jini zintsha ziyahlukana kwaye ziyanda, zithathe indawo yeeseli ezinesifo. Ngoko ke iziphumo zolu nyango kufuneka zihlale ixesha elide.
Zeziphi izifo ezinokunyangwa ngonyango lwezakhi zofuzo?
Unyango lwe-gene ludla ngokuba yimpumelelo kwizifo ezibangelwa sisiphene esinye se-gene. Nazi ezinye zezifo ezivunyiweyo ngoku olu nyango:
- Izifo zemfuza ezichaphazela ingqondo, ezifana neCerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy .
- Izifo zegazi ezizuzwe njengelifa: Umzekelo , isifo se-sickle cell, i-thalassemia, kunye ne -hemophilia .
- Izifo ze-neuromuscular ezizuzwe njengelifa: Iimeko ezifana ne-Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy kunye ne-Spinal Muscular Atrophy.
- Izifo zamehlo ezizuzwe njengelifa: Izifo ezichaphazela ukubona, ezifana neLeber's Congenital Amaurosis.
- Ezinye izifo zemfuza ezifana neMetachromatic Leukodystrophy.
Ukongeza koku, umhlaza kunye ne-HIVIzazinzulu zisaphanda ukuba ingaba unyango lwezakhi zofuzo lungasetyenziswa na kwizifo ezifana...
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zonyango lwezakhi zofuzo?
Njengalo naluphi na unyango, unyango lwezakhi zofuzo luneengenelo zalo kunye neengozi ezithile kunye neengxaki. Kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zinto.
| Iingcali | Iingxaki kunye nokulinganiselwa |
|---|---|
| Ithemba Elitsha: Ibonelela ngeendlela ezintsha zonyango lwezifo ezininzi apho ezinye iindlela zonyango zingekhoyo. | Ubunzima bokufikelela: Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu kunye nemida yetekhnoloji, ayinguye wonke umntu onokufikelela kolu nyango. |
| Ukulungela: Uninzi lweendlela zonyango lwe-gene lunyango oluqhutywa kube kanye ebomini. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba usele amayeza yonke imihla. | Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga: Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Umzekelo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokusabela kwi-gene carrier (intsholongwane). |
| Unyango lwangoko: Ukuba olu nyango lunokufumaneka ngaphambi kokuba isifo senze umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni, loo monakalo unokuthintelwa. | Inkqubo yokulungiselela: Ezinye iindlela zonyango zezakhi zofuzo zifuna ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana ne-chemotherapy, ngaphambi konyango, nto leyo enokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingathandekiyo. |
| Ukunyanga unobangela wesifo: Endaweni yokunyanga iimpawu, sinyanga unobangela wesifo, osisiphene semfuza ngokwaso. | Isengumsebenzi omtsha: Nangona oku bekusekwinqanaba lophando amashumi eminyaka, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwezonyango kusekutsha. Kusekuninzi ekufuneka kufundwe. |
Unyango lwe-gene luthembisa kakhulu kubantu abanezifo ze-genetic. Lunokunyanga unobangela wesifo, endaweni yokunyanga iimpawu kuphela. Nangona oku kusengummandla osakhulayo, lunamandla okubonelela ngeziphumo ezitshintsha ubomi kwizigulane ebezingenazo iindlela zonyango ezininzi ngaphambili. Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho unesifo se-genetic, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze ufunde okungakumbi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango lwe-gene yindlela yonyango ephucukileyo elungisa isiphene se-genetic esibangela ezinye izifo ze-genetic.
- Oku kulungisa ijini enengxaki okanye kufake ikopi yejini ephilileyo emzimbeni.
- Nangona olu nyango ludla ngokuba lolwexesha elinye, okwangoku aluqhelekanga kuyo yonke indawo ehlabathini kwaye lubiza kakhulu.
- Njengalo naluphi na unyango, kukho iingenelo, iingozi, kunye nemiphumo emibi.
- Kubalulekile rhoqo ukuxoxa ngale nto nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo malunga nonyango olunjalo.
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