Kwenzeka ntoni kwisihluzi sezintso zakho? Masifunde ngeSifo seGlomerular!

Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi uphuma umchamo onamagwebu? Okanye uziva uvuvukile kancinci ebusweni bakho nasemahlweni xa uvuka kusasa? Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yengxaki yenkqubo yokucoca encinci kwizintso zethu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-glomeruli. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale meko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Glomerular Disease.

Yintoni iGlomerular Disease?

Ngamafutshane, iGlomerular Disease sisifo esibangelwa ziimeko ezithile ezichaphazela iglomeruli, uthungelwano lwemithambo yegazi emincinci kwizintso zethu, ezizii-'filtering units' zezintso. Ezi glomeruli zezo zihluza inkunkuma egazini lethu kwaye zisuse ulwelo olugqithisileyo. Ngoko ke, xa ezi glomeruli zonakele kwaye zingasebenzi kakuhle, sizibiza ngokuba yiGlomerular Disease.

Izifo ezininzi kunye neemeko zingonakalisa ezi glomeruli. Kukho amagama amabini aphambili asetyenziswa ukuchaza lo monakalo:

• I-Glomerulonephritis: Oku kukudumba okanye ukudumba kwe-glomeruli.
• I-Glomerulosclerosis: Oku kukuqhekeka okanye ukuqina kwe-glomeruli.

Isifo seGlomerular singonakalisa izintso zakho, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, sinokubangela ukuba izintso zakho zingaphumeleli . Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele oku.

Zenza ntoni ezi glomeruli ezikwizintso zethu?

Cinga ngale ndlela: izintso zethu zifana nezihluzo ezibini eziphambili emizimbeni yethu. Ezi zitho zimbini zimile okweembotyi zifumaneka kumacala omabini omqolo wethu, ngaphantsi nje kwembambo zethu.

Igazi lingena kwizintso zethu ngemithambo yegazi. Xa sele lingaphakathi kwizintso, le mithambo yegazi iyahlukana ngakumbi kwaye igazi lihamba liye kuthungelwano lwemithambo yegazi emincinci efana ne-mesh ebizwa ngokuba yi-glomeruli. I-glomerulus nganye (igama elinye) iqhagamshelwe kumbhobho omncinci wokuqokelela ulwelo, obizwa ngokuba yi-tubule . Le yunithi ye-glomerulus kunye ne-tubule siyibiza ngokuba yi-nephron . Kuthiwa kukho malunga nesigidi see-nephrons ezinjalo kwintso enye. Ungacinga ngenkqubo ebuthathaka kangaka!

I-glomeruli esebenza kakuhle igcina iiseli zegazi kunye neeproteni kwinkqubo yegazi. Kuba zezona zinto zifunekayo emzimbeni wethu. Kwangaxeshanye, i-glomeruli ihluza inkunkuma kunye namanzi angaphezulu ize ithumele olo lwelo kwi-tubule. Yiyo loo nto kamva yenziwa njengomchamo. Emva koko umchamo udlula kwiityhubhu ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ureters kwaye uqokelelane kwisinyi.

Kwenzeka ntoni ekusebenzeni kwezintso xa kuvela isifo se-glomerular?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa esi sifo sikhula. Esi sifo siyonakalisa iGlomeruli. Emva koko azikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle.

Okufanele kwenzeke kukuba iiproteni kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi zigcinwe egazini. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zezi zinto ziqala ukuvuza kumchamo ovela kwi-glomeruli eyonakeleyo. Omnye wemisebenzi yeproteni egazini, njenge -albumin , kukutsala ulwelo olongezelelweyo emzimbeni luye egazini kwaye luncede ukuba luhluzwe zizintso kwaye lukhutshwe njengomchamo. Ngoko ke, xa ubungakanani beproteni egazini buncipha, olu lwelo longezelelweyo luqala ukuqokelelana emzimbeni. Yiyo loo nto iindawo ezifana nobuso, izandla, imilenze, isisu, kunye namaqatha zivuvukala.

Kwakhona, iiglomeruli ezonakeleyo azikwazi ukucoca inkunkuma ngokufanelekileyo. Emva koko loo nkunkuma iqala ukuqokelelana egazini. Oku akulunganga konke konke emzimbeni.

Zithini izizathu zesifo seGlomerular?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela iGlomerular Disease. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi:

• Usulelo, amayeza okanye ikhemikhali eyingozi kwizintso zakho, okanye amayeza esiwasebenzisayo anokuchaphazela izintso.
• Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba wonke, kuquka nezo zichaphazela izintso. Umzekelo , isifo seswekile okanye i-lupus .
• Izifo ezibangela ukudumba okanye ukuba namanxeba kwi-nephron okanye kwi-glomerulus.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, kusenokungabi lula ukufumana isizathu. Kukho amaxesha anjalo.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo seGlomerular?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zesi sifo. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kufuneka ukhathazeke:

• Umchamo onegwebu: Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho iproteni kumchamo wakho. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yiproteinuria .
• Umchamo opinki okanye omdaka okhanyayo: Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho igazi kumchamo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -hematuria .
• Ukudumba okujikeleze ubuso/amehlo (ingakumbi kusasa), izandla, iinyawo, okanye amaqatha (ingakumbi ekupheleni kosuku). Oku kudumba kubizwa ngokuba yi-edema .
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kungcono ukuba ubonane nogqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le sifo?

Xa usiya kugqirha, baza kuqala bakubuze ngeempawu zakho baze bakuhlole ngononophelo. Emva koko banokwenza uvavanyo oluthile, olufana nolu:

• Uhlalutyo lomchamo:Oku kujonga inqanaba leproteni kumchamo, nokuba kukho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye nokuba inqanaba leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi linjani (oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho usulelo okanye ukudumba).
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lujonga amanqanaba aphantsi eeprotheyini egazini, amanqanaba e -creatinine (anika umbono wokusebenza kwezintso), kunye namanqanaba e-urea nitrogen (imveliso yenkunkuma). Lukwabala ne-Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) , eliyindlela yokulinganisa ukuba izintso zakho zihluza njani inkunkuma.

Ukuba ezi mvavanyo zelabhoratri zibonisa ukuba izintso zakho zonakele, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo:

• Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi: Ukujonga usulelo okanye izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba .
• Uvavanyo lokufota: Uvavanyo olufana ne -ultrasound lunokujonga naziphi na iingxaki kwimilo okanye kubungakanani bezintso.
• I-Kidney Biopsy: Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili esisezintsoni usebenzisa inaliti uze usijonge phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kuya kunceda ekufumaniseni ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki.

Iimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nonyango olubangela isifo seGlomerular

Izifo ezininzi zinokubangela iGlomerular Disease. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukufumana unobangela oyintloko kunye nokuwunyanga, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Oku kunokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kwizintso. Ngoku makhe sijonge ezinye zezifo eziphambili ezibangela iGlomerular Disease, kunye nemizekelo kunye nonyango.

Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba

Ezi zizifo apho amajoni omzimba wakho ahlasela umzimba wakho. Ezi zifo zinokuchaphazela umzimba wonke, okanye zinokuchaphazela amalungu athile emzimbeni kuphela. Nazi ezinye izifo ezichaphazela izintso:

• I-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (ekwaziwa nje ngokuba yi-lupus): Esi sifo sokuzikhusela komzimba sinokuchaphazela iindawo ezininzi zomzimba. Xa sichaphazela izintso, sibangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-lupus nephritis . Oku kukudumba kwe-glomeruli. Oku kudumba kubangela amanxeba kwaye izintso ziyeke ukusebenza kakuhle. Unyango luquka amayeza okuthintela amasosha omzimba afana neMycophenolate Mofetil okanye iCyclophosphamide , kunye ne -corticosteroid ebizwa ngokuba yiPrednisolone .
• Isifo sikaGoodpasture:Esi sifo sokuzikhusela komzimba sihlasela izintso nemiphunga. Ezintso, sibangela i-glomerulonephritis, oku kukudumba kwe-glomeruli. Oku kunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwizintso. Unyango luquka amayeza okuthintela amasosha omzimba kunye ne -plasmapheresis (esusa ii-antibodies ezihlasela umzimba wakho) .
• I-IgA Nephropathy: Kwesi sifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, i -antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi -Immunoglobulin A (IgA) evela kwinkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba izibeka kwi-glomeruli. Ezi depositi zibangela ukudumba. Unyango lubandakanya amayeza afana ne -Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) okanye i-Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) .

I-Nephritis yelifa

• I-Alport Syndrome: Le yimeko efunyanwa njengelifa. Inokubangela ukulahleka kokuva okanye ukubona kunye nesifo esingapheliyo se-glomerular. Ichaphazela amadoda nabafazi. Amadoda anokuba nesifo sezintso esingapheliyo. Inokubonwa xa sele eneminyaka engamashumi amabini. Xa sele eneminyaka engama-40, izintso zisenokuba zingasebenzi kakuhle. Amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi lolona nyango.

Isifo seGlomerular esinxulumene nosulelo

Ngamanye amaxesha, isifo se-glomerular sinokukhula ngokukhawuleza emva kosulelo kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

• I-Acute Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis (PIGN): Esi sifo se-glomerular senzeka emva kosulelo lomphimbo (Strep throat) okanye usulelo lolusu olubizwa ngokuba yi-Impetigo (oku kunqabile). Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ivelisa ama-antibodies amaninzi kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukulwa nosulelo. La ma-antibodies ayahamba aye agcine kwi-glomeruli aze awonakalise. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lufunekayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, i-dialysis yezintso okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso kunokufuneka.
• I-Bacterial Endocarditis: Olu lusulelo lwengaphakathi lentliziyo. Abaphandi abakaqiniseki ukuba izilonda ezikwizintso zibangelwa yindlela amasosha omzimba asabela ngayo kusulelo okanye ngenye indlela yesifo. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anikwa njengonyango.
• Iintsholongwane: IHepatitis B , IHepatitis C kunyeIsifo se-glomerular sinokubangelwa zizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Kukho unyango oluthile olufumanekayo kwisifo ngasinye.

Izifo zeSclerotic - Izifo ezibangela amanxeba

• I-Glomerulosclerosis: Le meko yimeko yokuvaleka kwe-glomeruli. I-Lupus kunye nesifo seswekile zimizekelo emibini yezifo ezinokubangela i-glomerulosclerosis.
• I-Diabetes-Related Nephropathy: Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela isifo se-glomerular kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso eMelika. I-Diabetes-related nephropathy ibangela amanxeba kwizintso kwaye inyusa amanqanaba e-glucose. I-glucose inyusa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizintso, ibeka uxinzelelo kumsebenzi wokucoca we-glomeruli kwaye inyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi (ingakumbi i-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) okanye i-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) ), ukuzilolonga, kunye nokutya okunempilo.
• I-Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): Le meko ibonakaliswa ngamanxeba (ngesiqhelo) kwinxalenye enye ye-glomerulus. I-FSGS inokubangelwa sisifo esiqhelekileyo okanye singaziwa isizathu. Unyango lujolise ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol .

Ezinye izifo zeGlomerular

• I-Membranous Nephropathy: Le meko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Membranous Glomerulopathy . Yeyona nto yesibini ixhaphakileyo ebangela i-nephropathy kubantu abadala e-United States, emva kwe-nephropathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile. Inxulunyaniswa nee -antigens/antibodies ezithile ezijoliswe kuzo . Le meko ihlasela umaleko we-membrane ye-glomeruli. Abanye abantu bayaphila ngaphandle konyango. Amayeza anjenge -angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) , i-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) , okanye i-calcineurin inhibitors ngamanye amaxesha ayazanywa.
• Isifo soTshintsho oluNcinci (MCD): Olu luhlobo lwe-nephropathy. Kule meko, xa kuhlolwa kwi-biopsy yezintso, akukho tshintsho lubonakalayo kwisakhiwo se-glomeruli okanye kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo. Ii-lipids (izinto ezinamafutha)Kusenokuba kukho isifo sokuwa kwegazi, kodwa akukho monakalo kwizintso. I-MCD inokukhula nangaliphi na ixesha, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni abancinci. Unyango luquka ukutya okunetyuwa encinci kunye nee-ACE inhibitors okanye ii-ARB . Ii-steroids zihlala ziphucula imeko.

Ngaba isifo se-glomerular sinokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso?

Ewe, ukuba izintso zakho azikwazi ukususa inkunkuma egazini lakho, ziyaqokelelana emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuqokelelana kungonakalisa izintso zakho kwaye kubangele ukuba ziyeke ukusebenza. Oku kulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi kunokwenzeka ngequbuliso (ngokukhawulezileyo) okanye kancinci nangokuqhubekayo (okungapheliyo). Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo se-glomerular, umsebenzi wezintso unokulahleka kwiintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa, okanye kungathatha amashumi eminyaka ukuba uphele kancinci kancinci.

• Ukusilela Kwezintso Okubukhali (ARF): Oku kukulahlekelwa ngequbuliso kokusebenza kwezintso. I-ARF inokuba yingozi ebomini, kwaye i-dialysis inokufuneka njengonyango olungxamisekileyo lokubuyisela ukusebenza kwezintso. Kwabanye abantu, ukusebenza kwezintso kuyabuya emva kokuba unobangela wokungasebenzi kwezintso unyangiwe. Akukho monakalo usisigxina. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abachacha kwi-ARF banokufumana isifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD) kamva.
• Isifo Sezintso Esingapheliyo (CKD): Oku kukulahlekelwa kancinci kancinci kokusebenza kwezintso. Usenokungabi nazimpawu kangangeminyaka. Ezinye zezifo ezibangela i-CKD zinokulawulwa, kodwa i-CKD ayinakunyangeka. Xa izintso zonakele, azinakulungiswa. I-CKD inokukhokelela ekungasebenzini ngokupheleleyo kwezintso.
• Ukusilela Kwezintso Konke: Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi -End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) . Oku kuthetha ukuba izintso zakho ziphelelwe ngumsebenzi ngokusisigxina. Ukuba ukusilela kwezintso ngokupheleleyo, kuya kufuneka u-dialysis - nokuba yi-hemodialysis okanye i-peritoneal dialysis - okanye ukufakelwa izintso ukuze uphile.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndinesifo seGlomerular?

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kwangoko kusoloko kuyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo. Injongo yonyango kukuthintela ukonakala kwezintso okanye ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwazo. Khumbula, ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunokunceda. Ukuba umonakalo mkhulu kwaye izintso aziphumeleli, ukhetho olulodwa kuphela yi-dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso.

Ngaba isifo seGlomerular singathintelwa?

Kukho utshintsho oluninzi kwindlela ophila ngayo onokulwenza ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezichaphazela izintso zakho kwaye uhlale usempilweni. Ezi ziquka:

• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwetyuwa; musa ukongeza ityuwa engakumbi ekutyeni.
• Gcina uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphantsi kolawulo. Injongo yi-120/80 mmHg.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, lawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho.
• Sela onke amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho kanye njengoko eyalelwe, uze ulandele zonke iinjongo zolawulo ezixoxwe naye.
• Yeka ukutshaya.

Ayizizo zonke izizathu zesifo se-glomerular ezinokuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwangoko nje ukuba uqaphela iimpawu zesifo se-glomerular, bona ugqirha. Kubalulekile ukufumana izizathu ezinokunyangwa kwaye uqale unyango ngokukhawuleza. Unyango lunokunceda ukulawula umonakalo kwizintso zakho kwaye luthintele ukuba ungabi mbi kakhulu.

Yintoni iNephrosis okanye iNephrotic Syndrome?

I-Nephrosis, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi -nephrotic syndrome, yingqokelela yeempawu. Inani elikhulu leeproteni egazini likhutshwa kumchamo. Oku kubangela ukuba ulwelo luqokelele emzimbeni. Iimpawu zezi:

• Ukudumba (ukudumba), ingakumbi ejikeleze amehlo, imilenze neengalo.
• Igazi elonyukayo.
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol.
• Ukwehla kwamanqanaba eeprotheyini egazini.
• Ukwanda kwamanqanaba eeprotheyini kumchamo.

Injongo yonyango kukunyangela unobangela oyintloko, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Unyango luquka:

• Ii-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) okanye ii-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) zinikwa ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuthintela iproteni ekudluleleni kumchamo.
• Nciphisa ityuwa ekutyeni kwakho.
• Iidiuretics zinikwa ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kolwelo emzimbeni.
• Kunikwa ii-corticosteroids okanye amanye amayeza okunciphisa amajoni omzimba.
• Amayeza anikwa amanqanaba aphantsi e-cholesterol.
• Ukuba unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, i-plasmapheresis yenziwa ukususa ii-antibodies ezihlasela umzimba wakho.

Ukuba unobangela oyintloko we-nephrosis sisifo sezintso, asinakunyangeka. Kuba i-glomeruli kwizintso ayisebenzi kakuhle, inkunkuma kunye namanzi aqokelelana egazini. Izintso ziyayeka ukusebenza. Xa isifo sisiya siba sibi, unyango luba yi-dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu okanye iimpawu zeSifo seGlomerular, okanye ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwimpilo yakho, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Musa ukuyityeshela neyona nto incinci, kuba xa ufumanisa kwangoko, kokukhona kulula ukunyanga.

Izifo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zingonakalisa i-glomeruli kwizintso zakho. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele umzimba wakho ukuze ukwazi ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kweli nqaku (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoku uyaqonda kakuhle into ebesithetha ngayo, iGlomerular Disease. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Isifo se-glomerular sisifo esibangelwa kukonakala kweeyunithi zokucoca (i-glomeruli) zezintso.
• Qaphela iimpawu ezifana nomchamo ophuma ugwebu, igazi kumchamo, ukudumba, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ukuba uzibona ezi zinto, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzilawula kakuhle ukuze ukhusele izintso zakho.
• Ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba, unyango lunokulawula umonakalo kwizintso. Ngoko ke musa ukungazinaki naziphi na iimpawu.
• Ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya kakuhle, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya) kunceda ekukhuseleni kwezi zifo.

Izintso zakho zezona zimbini zezitho zibalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho. Zinyamekele. Ukuba uneengxaki, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha, kulungile?

Isifo sezintso , Isifo seGlomerular, Isifo seGlomerular, Ukuhluzwa kwezintso, iGlomeruli, Iiproteni kumchamo, Igazi kumchamo, Ukudumba komzimba, Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, iNephrosis