Izintso zezinye zezitho ezimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Zifana nenkqubo yokucoca kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Zihluza inkunkuma engafunekiyo egazini lethu, zisuse amanzi angaphezulu, kwaye ziyikhuphe njengomchamo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zintso zixabisekileyo nazo ziyagula. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo abantu abaninzi abangazange basive, kodwa esinokulimaza umzimba buthule. YiGlomerulonephritis leyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iGlomerulonephritis (GN)?
Eli ligama elide, elingaqhelekanga, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuliqonda. I-Glomerulonephritis yimeko echaphazela izintso. Ngaphakathi kwezintso zethu, kukho izigidi zezihluzo ezincinci nezithambileyo ezihluza igazi. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-glomeruli. Zicinge njengemingxuma emincinci kwisihluzo seti. Kwisifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-glomerulonephritis, ezi zihluzo zincinci ziyabola kwaye zidumbe.
Xa ezi zihluzo zonakele, azikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Oko kuthetha ukuba azikwazi ukucoca ngokufanelekileyo inkunkuma kunye nolwelo olungafunekiyo emzimbeni. Ukuba le meko iba mandundu ngakumbi, inokukhokelela ekungasebenzini kwezintso . Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kwiimeko ezininzi, amanqanaba okuqala esi sifo anokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngonyango.
Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwezi Glomeruli (izihluzi)?
Izintso zethu nganye zinamalunga nesigidi sezi yunithi zincinci zokucoca ezibizwa ngokuba yi-glomeruli. Ezi zenziwe ngemithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu (ii-capillaries) ezidityaniswe ndawonye. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukucoca inkunkuma kunye namanzi angaphezulu egazini lethu. Eli linyathelo lokuqala nelibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokwakheka komchamo. Khawucinge nje, ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo kule nkqubo yokucoca, inkqubo yokucoca umzimba wethu wonke iya kuphazamiseka, akunjalo?
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili zesi sifo?
Ewe, esi sifo singahlulwahlulwa sibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili kuxhomekeke kwindlela esenzeka ngayo.
1. I-Acute Glomerulonephritis: Oku kuqala ngequbuliso.
2. I-Glomerulonephritis Engapheliyo: Le yimeko embi kakhulu ekhula kancinci kancinci. Inokuhlala iminyaka.
Abanye abantu banokuba nemeko ekhawulezileyo (eqatha), enokuthi emva koko ibe yimeko engapheliyo emva kweminyaka ipholile.
Zithini iimpawu zeGlomerulonephritis?
Eyona nto iyingozi ngesi sifo kukuba abantu abaninzi ababonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni. Oku kuthetha ukuba basenokungazi nokuba banaso esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu ziyavela, zisenokuba njengoko kubonisiwe kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Igazi kumchamo | Umchamo ungabonakala umdaka omnyama (njengamanzi eti), upinki, okanye ubomvu. |
| Ukudumba kobuso nemilenze | Xa ndivuka kusasa, amehlo nobuso bam bubonakala budumbile. Emini, imilenze namaqatha am ayadumba. |
| Umchamo onogwebu | Ukuba uchama unamaqamza amaninzi kunye ne-seafoam, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iproteni ikhutshwa kunye nomchamo. |
| Igazi elonyukayo | Xa ukusebenza kwezintso kuphazamiseka, uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokunyuka. |
| Utshintsho kwinani lokuchama rhoqo | Usenokuchama kancinci okanye ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Isicaphucaphu, ukurhawuzelela kolusu, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zamalungu okanye zesisu, ukungabi namdla wokutya, kunye nokunciphisa umzimba. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu. Nangona ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa zezinye iimeko, kubalulekile ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo.
Kutheni olu hlobo lwesifo lusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Kudla ngokuba nzima ukufumana unobangela othile woku, kodwa kufumaniseke ukuba unokubangelwa ziimeko ezithile zempilo kunye nosulelo.
| Isizathu esinokwenzeka | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iintsholongwane | Umphimbo obuhlungu unokuba yingxaki yezifo ezifana ne-HIV, i-hepatitis C, kunye ne-bacterial endocarditis. |
| Iingxaki zesistim somzimba | Inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli ezisempilweni kwizintso. Umzekelo, i-lupus. |
| I-IgA Nephropathy | Isifo esibangelwa kukufakwa kwe-antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi-Immunoglobulin A (IgA) ezintso. |
| Izifo zemithambo yegazi | Ezinye izifo ezingaqhelekanga (umz. i-granulomatosis ene-polyangiitis) zinokubangela ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi, nto leyo enokwenzakalisa izintso. |
| Ezinye izizathu | Inokubangelwa ziintlobo ezithile zomhlaza (umz. i-multiple myeloma) kwaye, ngokungaqhelekanga, zizizathu zemfuza ezidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. |
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-glomerulonephritis?
Ukuba esi sifo asinyangwa kakuhle, sinokubangela umonakalo oqhubekayo kwizintso kwaye sikhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu.
- Isifo Sezintso Esingapheliyo (CKD): Ukwehla kancinci kancinci kokusebenza kwezintso.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu):Ngenxa yokuba izintso zinceda ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi, xa zonakele, uxinzelelo luyanda.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso: Oku kungenzeka ngokukhawuleza okanye kwiminyaka emininzi. Kwimeko enjalo, izintso ziyeka ukusebenza phantse ngokupheleleyo.
- Isifo seNephrotic: Imeko ebangelwa kukuphuma kweeproteni ezininzi emchameni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudumbeni nasekunyukeni kwamanqanaba e-cholesterol.
- Amahlwili egazi: Umngcipheko wokuba amahlwili egazi avele kwimithambo yemilenze (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) okanye kwimiphunga (Pulmonary Embolism - PE) uyanda.
Ugqirha uluchonga njani ngokuchanekileyo olu sifo?
Ixesha elininzi, esi sifo sifunyanwa ngengozi. Oko kukuthi, xa kuvavanywa esinye isifo. Ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela esi sifo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho, unokukuthumela kwingcali yezintso. Ezi zilingo zilandelayo zenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
| Uvavanyo | Ubona ntoni kule nto? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lomchamo | Umchamo uhlolwa igazi (iiseli ezibomvu zegazi) okanye iiproteni. |
| Uvavanyo lweGazi | Uvavanyo lwegazi lulinganisa inqanaba le-creatinine, imveliso engcolileyo ekhutshwa zizintso. Ukuba eli nqanaba liphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba izintso azisebenzi kakuhle. |
| I-Biopsy yezintso | Kusetyenziswa inaliti, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili esisezintsoni size sihlolwe ngemicroscope. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumanisa unobangela wesifo. |
| Uvavanyo lokuFanekisa | Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound, i-X-ray, okanye i-CT scan lujonga ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ezikwizintso. |
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu sesifo kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo kwizintso. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kwizintso nokugcina ukusebenza kwazo.
- Ukunyanga unobangela oyintloko: Umzekelo, ukuba imeko ibangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kuya kunikwa amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo. Ukuba ibangelwa lusulelo, kuya kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya: Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba unciphise ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi kunye neproteni, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kwizintso zakho.
- Izinto zokucinezela amajoni omzimba: Ukuba isifo sibangelwa yingxaki kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, la mayeza anikwa ukulawula ukusebenza kwaloo nkqubo.
- IiCorticosteroids: Ezi zinceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba kwizintso.
- I-Dialysis: Le yinkqubo yokucoca igazi ngoncedo lomatshini ukuba izintso zibuthathaka kakhulu ukuba zenze umsebenzi wazo.
- I-Diuretics: Ezi zinikwa ukususa ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba.
- I-Plasmapheresis: Le yinkqubo ekhethekileyo ehluza iiproteni eziyingozi egazini.
Ngaba i-glomerulonephritis ingathintelwa?
Enyanisweni, akukho ndlela iqinisekisiweyo yokuthintela esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo kunye nokwamkela imikhwa ethile kunokunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Nciphisa izithako zokwenziwa kunye nokutya okucutshungulweyo kangangoko unako.
- Ukuba une -high blood pressure , yilawule kakuhle ngokutya ukutya okungenatyuwa ingako, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokusela amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho ngqo.
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile , silawule kakuhle.
- Thintela usulelo. Ziqhelise ucoceko. Ukuba ufumana into efana nosulelo lomphimbo (strep throat), musa ukuyityeshela kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane unyango.
- Kuphephe ukuqhubeka usebenzisa amayeza afana neentlungu ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha.
Ukuba ufunyaniswe uneGlomerulonephritis, kubalulekile ukuba izintso zakho zihlolwe rhoqo, uthathe amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele, kwaye ulawule ukutya kwakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Glomerulonephritis (GN) sisifo esibangela umonakalo kwizihluzo ezithambileyo kwizintso. Sidla ngokubangela umonakalo ongabonakaliyo emzimbeni.
- Lumka ngeempawu ezifana nomchamo omnyama, ukudumba kobuso okanye imilenze, kunye nomchamo onamagwebu. Kodwa khumbula, abantu abaninzi abanazo naziphi na iimpawu.
- Ukunyanga izifo zomqala (ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu) ngokukhawuleza kunokunceda ukuthintela ukonakala kwezintso kamva.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sezintso, ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha.
- Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo, landela ngokungqongqo imiyalelo yokutya kunye namayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho ukukhusela izintso zakho.
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