Yintoni i-glucose? Inxulumene njani nesifo seswekile?

Xa uthetha ngesifo seswekile, mhlawumbi usoloko uva amagama athi 'iswekile yegazi' okanye 'iglucose', akunjalo? Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye iglucose, umthombo wamandla emizimbeni yethu ekutyeni esikutyayo, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye usemngciphekweni wesifo seswekile. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngayo ngokulula, ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-Z.

Zithini iiGlucose kunye neInsulin?

Ngamafutshane, i-glucose luhlobo lweswekile . Siyifumana ekutyeni esikutyayo, ingakumbi ukutya okunee-carbohydrate ezininzi. Umzimba wethu usebenzisa le glucose ukunika amandla kwiiseli. Xa le glucose ihamba egazini, siyibiza ngokuba "yiswekile yegazi" okanye 'iswekile yegazi'.

Kulapho ke indima ye -insulin ingena khona. I-insulin yi-hormone eveliswa kwi-pancreas yethu. Njengesitshixo, le insulin yiyo evula iiseli zomzimba wethu kwaye incede i-glucose egazini ukuba ingene kwezo seli kwaye idale amandla.

Ukuba ufunyenwe uneDiabetes Mellitus, oko kuthetha ukuba amanqanaba eglucose egazini lakho aphezulu kunesiqhelo. Zimbini izizathu ezinokubangela oku:

1. Nokuba umzimba wakho awuvelisi i-insulin eyaneleyo yokuhambisa i-glucose egazini iye kwiiseli.

2. Okanye, nangona i-insulin ikhona, iiseli zomzimba wakho aziphenduli kakuhle kuyo (Insulin Resistance).

Siyifumana njani i-glucose emizimbeni yethu?

Ukutya okuninzi esikutyayo, ingakumbi oko kutyebileyo kwiicarbohydrate ezifana nesonka, irayisi, iitapile, kunye neziqhamo, kuqulethe iglucose. Emva kokutya, ukutya kungena esiswini kwaye kwahlulwe kube ziingceba ezincinci zii-enzymes kunye nee-asidi. Le nkqubo ikhupha iglucose.

Emva koko, le glucose iya emathunjini ize ifunxwe egazini. Kulapho ke i-hormone i-insulin ingena khona ize incede ekuthumeleni le glucose kwiiseli.

Amandla kunye nokugcinwa: Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-glucose emzimbeni?

Imizimba yethu yenzelwe ukugcina inqanaba elingaguqukiyo leglucose egazini. Xa amanqanaba eglucose egazini enyuka emva kokutya, iiseli ezikhethekileyo (iiseli ze-beta) kwi-pancreas zivelisa i-insulin. Le insulin ivula ucango lokuba iglucose ingene kwiiseli zemisipha, amafutha kunye nesibindi.

Eyona nto iphambili engqondweni

Nangona uninzi lweeseli emzimbeni wethu zisebenzisa i-glucose, ii-amino acids (izakhiwo zeeproteni), kunye namafutha ukuze zinike amandla, eyona nto iphambili engqondweni yethu yi-glucose.Iglucose ibalulekile ekucubunguleni ulwazi lweeseli zemithambo-luvo kunye neekhemikhali ezithunyelwa ebuchotsheni. Ngaphandle kweglucose, ingqondo yethu ayinakusebenza kakuhle.

Ukugcina amandla angaphezulu

Emva kokuba umzimba usebenzise amandla owadingayo, iswekile eseleyo igcinwa esibindini nasezihlunwini njengeebhakethi ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-glycogen . Umzimba wethu unokugcina malunga namandla owadingayo usuku lonke ngale ndlela.

Khawucinge ukuba awutyanga iiyure ezimbalwa. Inqanaba leswekile egazini lakho liyehla. Ngelo xesha, i-pancreas iyeka ukuvelisa i-insulin ize iqale ukuvelisa enye i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-glucagon . Le glucagon inika isibindi imiqondiso yokuba siguqule i-glycogen egciniweyo ibe yiswekile. Loo swekile ingena egazini, inike umzimba amandla de utye kwakhona.

Iswekile Egazini kunye nesifo seswekile

Kuqhelekile ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini anyuke emva kokutya aze aphinde ehle emva kweeyure ezimbalwa. Amanqanaba eswekile egazini lomntu osempilweni ongazila ukutya kufuneka abe ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL.

Kodwa ukuba unesifo seswekile, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukusilungisa kakuhle esi sifo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo seswekile:

• Uhlobo 1 lwesifo seswekile: Kolu hlobo lwesifo seswekile, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa ngempazamo iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umzimba ungavelisi i-insulin eyaneleyo.
• Uhlobo lweSifo seswekile sesi-2: Kule meko, iiseli zomzimba aziphenduli kakuhle kwi-insulin. Ngenxa yoko, i-pancreas kufuneka ivelise i-insulin eninzi ukuze ivumele i-glucose ingene kwiiseli. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, i-pancreas inokuba buthathaka kwaye ingakwazi ukuvelisa i-insulin eyaneleyo.

Xa i-insulin ingekho ngokwaneleyo, i-glucose iyaqokelelana egazini endaweni yokungena kwiiseli. Inqanaba le-glucose egazini elingaphezulu kwe-200 mg/dL kwiiyure ezi-2 emva kokutya okanye elingaphezulu kwe-125 mg/dL xa ukuzila ukutya kubizwa ngokuba yi -hyperglycemia .

Indlela yokulinganisa amanqanaba eswekile egazini?

Ezona ndlela zimbini zixhaphakileyo zezi:

1. Uvavanyo lweFingerstick: Kuthathwa igazi elincinci kwincam yomnwe kusetyenziswa i-lancet, libekwe kwi-test strip, lize lilinganiswe nge-glucose meter. Ungalibona inqanaba leswekile egazini lakho langoku kwimizuzwana embalwa.

2. I-Continuous Blood Glucose Monitor (CGM): I-sensor encinci ifakwe phantsi kwesikhumba, ngesiqhelo engalweni okanye esiswini. Ihlala ilinganisa amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ngokujonga ulwelo phakathi kweeseli kwaye idlulisele idatha kwisixhobo esifana ne-app yefowuni.

Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-A1c?

Uvavanyo lwe-A1c (uvavanyo lwe-HbA1c) luvavanyo lwegazi olubonisa amanqanaba akho aphakathi eswekile egazini kwiinyanga ezi-2-3 ezidlulileyo.

Xa iglucose ingena egazini, inamathela kwi -hemoglobin, inxalenye yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezithwala ioksijini egazini. Uvavanyo lwe-A1c lulinganisa ukuba ingakanani i-hemoglobin egazini lakho egutyungelwe yiswekile (i-glycated). Okukhona i-glucose egazini iphezulu, kokukhona ixabiso lakho le-A1c liphezulu.

Zithini izizathu zokuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini aphantsi (iHypoglycemia)?

I-Hypoglycemia yimeko apho amanqanaba eswekile egazini ehla ngaphantsi kwe-70 mg/dL. Oku kunokuba yingxamiseko yezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba oku kwenzeke.

• Ukusela utywala esiswini esingenanto.
• Ukuthatha amayeza e-insulin okanye amanye amayeza eswekile ngaphezu kokuba kuyimfuneko.
• Ukutsiba ukutya.
• Ukuzilolonga ngaphezu kwesiqhelo.
• Utshintsho lweehomoni (umz. ukuya exesheni rhoqo ngenyanga).

Wenza ntoni xa inqanaba leswekile yakho lihla?

Ungalandela "umthetho we-15-15" ocetyiswe yi-American Diabetes Association:

1. Yitya okanye usele iigram ezili-15 zeecarbohydrate ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza (umz. iitisipuni ezi-3 zeswekile/iglucose, ithisipuni e-1 yobusi).

2. Linda imizuzu eli-15 .

3. Jonga kwakhona iswekile yakho egazini. Ukuba isengaphantsi kwe-70 mg/dL, thatha ezinye iigram ezili-15 zeecarbohydrate.

4. Phinda oku de inqanaba leswekile libuyele esiqhelweni.

Zithini izizathu zokuba kubekho amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini (iHyperglycemia)?

Inqanaba leswekile egazini elingaphezulu kwe-180 mg/dL libizwa ngokuba yi-hyperglycemia. Zininzi izizathu zoku.

• Ukungayithathi ngokwaneleyo i-insulin okanye amanye amayeza.
• Ukunqongophala komsebenzi womzimba.
• Isifo (umz. umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane) okanye usulelo.
• Uxinzelelo.
• Ukutya okungaphezulu kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?

Ukuba inqanaba leswekile egazini lakho liyi- 300 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu kabini ngokulandelelana , fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

I-hyperglycemia enganyangwanga ingakhokelela kwi- ketoacidosis esongela ubomi, okanye i-diabetes coma. Yiya kwicandelo lezonyango ezingxamisekileyo (ETU) ngokukhawuleza ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ivumba leziqhamo emlonyeni.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Umlomo owomileyo kakhulu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ekwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho. Jonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho rhoqo. Ngokuzilolonga, ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo, kunye namayeza amiselweyo, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni.