Ngaba uyazi ngepoliyo? Ungazikhusela njani kwesi sifo sibi kangaka?

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'polio'. Kwabanye abantu, sivela njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo size siphele ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, sinokuba yingozi ngakumbi, ngamanye amaxesha sibangele iingxaki zempilo ubomi bonke kwaye, kunqabile kakhulu, sibangele ukufa. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesi sifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'polio' nendlela yokuzikhusela kuso.

Yintoni kanye kanye iPolio?

Ngamafutshane, ipoliyo sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane . Sibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-"poliovirus". Inokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Uninzi lwabantu abayifumanayo ababonisi zimpawu zinkulu, okanye babonisa iimpawu ezincinci kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezinzulu. Kulapho kuvela khona iimeko ezifana nokungakwazi ukuzikhusela komzimba .

Ipoliyo ngoku isusiwe kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka ne-United States. Nangona kunjalo, ayikasuswa ngokupheleleyo . Esi sifo sisaqhubeka nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Ke ngoko, ukuba asiyinyamekeli i-gonyo, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba isasazeke kwakhona.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ipoliyo ibangela ubuthathaka kwimilenze okanye ukukhubazeka, oogqirha babiza oku ngokuthi "yipoliyomyelitis".

Ngaba nathi kufuneka siqaphele ezi mpawu?

Xa kuvela ipoliyo, umntu ngamnye unokufumana iimpawu ezahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

Amaxesha amaninzi, iimpawu zokuqala ezifika engqondweni zezo zifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane. Nazi:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kwaye ndidiniwe
• Ifiva
• Umphimbo obuhlungu, umphimbo obuhlungu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukungagayi kakuhle ukutya, urhudo, okanye ukuqhina
• Intlungu yesisu

Iimpawu ezinokuba yingozi

Kwabanye abantu, iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane zinokuba ziimpawu eziqatha ngakumbi emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki. Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqaphele:

• Ukuqina kwentamo, ubunzima bokugoba intamo
• Intlungu, ukungaziva, okanye ukurhawuzelela ezingalweni nasemilenzeni (oogqirha babiza oku ngokuthi "i-paresthesia")
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Uvelwano lokukhanya, oko kuthetha ukuba amehlo akho anovelwano kakhulu ukuba angajonga izibane ezikhanyayo (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`photophobia``)
• Ukuva iintlungu xa uchukumisa umzimba (ukuvakalelwa kukuchukumisa)
• Ukuqina kwemisipha ngequbuliso, ukushukuma
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukukhubazeka : Oku kunokubangela ukuba ungakwazi ukushukumisa amalungu omzimba wakho, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, ukuginya, okanye ukuthetha.

Kubalulekile: Uninzi lwabantu abosulelwe yi-poliovirus ababonisi zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nokuba abanazo iimpawu, basenokusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye.

Yintoni ebangela ipoliyo?

Ipoliyo ibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(poliovirus)`. Ikwintsapho yeentsholongwane ze-`(enterovirus)`. Kalula nje, le ntsholongwane iqala ichaphazele umqala kunye namathumbu ethu. Emva koko, iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ziqala ukubonakala. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha le ntsholongwane ayipheleli apho. Inokusasazeka engqondweni yethu nakwithambo lomqolo . Kulapho izihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukuphefumla, ukuthetha, ukuginya ukutya, kunye nokushukumisa amalungu ethu zingasebenzi, nto leyo ebangela iimeko ezifana nokukhubazeka.

Idluliselwa njani ipoliyo?

Ipoliyo sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu . Sisasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngendle okanye amathontsi okuphefumla ngenxa yokuthimla okanye ukukhohlela . Sisasazeka nangokutya okungcolileyo nokungcolileyo.

Khawucinge ngeemeko ezinje:

• Ukuba awuzihlambi kakuhle izandla zakho emva kokuya kwindlu yangasese okanye emva kokuphatha ilindle lomntwana omncinci.
• Kulungile ukusela amanzi angcolileyo anentsholongwane, okanye ukuwafaka emlonyeni wakho.
• Ukuba udada kwindawo enamanzi angcolileyo, umzekelo, edamini lokudada.
• Ukuba utya ukutya okwenziwe ngamanzi angcolileyo okanye ukutya okungcoliswe ngamanzi angcolileyo.
• Xa umntu onepoliyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla.
• Xa usondelelene nomntu onepoliyo.
• Ukuba uchukumisa umphezulu (umz. ithoyi, isitshixo somnyango) onentsholongwane kuwo uze uchukumise umlomo okanye impumlo yakho ngaloo sandla sinye.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sepoliyo?

Ukuba awukagonywa ngokupheleleyo kwipoliyo, kwaye awukaze ube nepoliyo ngaphambili, usenokufumana ipoliyo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba uhlala okanye uhamba uye kwindawo apho ipoliyo isaxhaphake khona .

Ngokwesiqhelo, nabani na oneminyaka emininzi unokufumana ipoliyo. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abancinci banamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo . Oku kungenxa yokuba abazange babe nayo ngaphambili kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba abazange bagonywe ngokupheleleyo.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yepoliyo?

Ipoliyo inokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Usulelo okanye ukudumba kwengqondo (encephalitis)
• Usulelo lwe-membranes ejikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo (i-meningitis)
• Ukukhubazeka (mhlawumbi ubomi bonke)
• I-Post-polio syndrome : Oku kwenzeka xa umntu owayesindile kwi-polio esengumntwana ephinda afumane ubuthathaka bemisipha kunye nentlungu emva kweminyaka, ngamanye amaxesha amashumi eminyaka.
• Ukufa (kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu)

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani ipoliyo?

Ugqirha unokuxilonga ipoliyo ngokujonga iimpawu zakho aze avavanye ulwelo lomzimba wakho. Kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ubukhe wahamba kutshanje.

Ugqirha usenokuthatha iisampulu zolwelo lomzimba olufana nolu aze aluvavanye:

• Isampuli yamathe ethathwe emqaleni
• Isampuli yesihlalo
• Isampuli yegazi
• Ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (`ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal`) - olu luthathwa kwintambo yomqolo ngenaliti encinci (uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-`lumbar puncture`)

Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zepoliyo zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ugqirha uya kujonga nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga ipoliyo?

Ngelishwa, akukho nyango luthile lwepoliyo . Oko kukuthi, akukho nyango luthile lokuyinika. Akukho ndlela yokuyenza iphile ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuthintela ukushwabana kwamalungu omzimba.

Nangona kunjalo, unyango lomzimba lunokunceda kwizihlunu ezibuthathaka. Kwakhona, ukuba izihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukuphefumla zibuthathaka, kunokufuneka usebenzise umatshini ukukunceda uphefumle (umoya womoya).

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuba:

• Ukuba ukhe wadibana nomntu onepoliyo kwaye uneempawu.
• Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nogonyo lwepoliyo.

Kunganceda nokubuza ugqirha izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ndingazinyamekela njani ekhaya?
• Ndingakubona nini kwakhona?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndiye esibhedlele ngenxa yazo?
• Ndingasidlulisela esi sifo komnye umntu? Ixesha elingakanani?
• Ndingaya emsebenzini okanye esikolweni?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndiphephe ukusasaza oku kwabanye?
• Ndiza kuphola nini?
• Ngaba ndiza kuba neengxaki ezihlala ixesha elide?

Ungazikhusela njani kwipoliyo?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo neyona ibalulekileyo yokuzikhusela kwi-polio kukufumana i-polio vaccine . Oku kudla ngokwenziwa usemncinci. Ukuba awukayifumani i-vaccine usengumntwana, okanye awazi nto ingako ngayo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.

Ukugonywa yeyona nto iphambili ekukhuseleni!

Khumbula, ugonyo lwepoliyo lolona khaka liphambili lokukhusela wena nabantwana bakho kwesi sifo siyingozi. Kubalulekile ukunika abantwana la mayeza ngokweshedyuli yokugonya ebonelelwe ngurhulumente waseSri Lanka.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko angakumbi

Ukongeza ekugonyeni, unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokwenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo, ingakumbi emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese nokutshintsha amanabukeni abantwana abancinci.
• Musa ukudada ukuba unesifo sorhudo. Kwakhona, musa ukuvumela abantwana bakho badada ukuba basandula ukuba nesifo sorhudo.
• Ukuba ukwindawo engenamanzi acocekileyo okanye uya kuyo, sebenzisa amanzi asemabhotileni kuphela xa useza kwaye upheka .

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana ipoliyo? Ngaba ungaphila?

Uninzi lwexesha, ipoliyo ibangela iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Zihlala ziphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iveki. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuqikelela ukuba ngubani oza kuba neempawu ezinzima kwaye ngubani oza kungabi nazo . Ungaziva ungcono okwethutyana, uze emva koko ubuye neempawu ezintsha emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi bayaphila ngokupheleleyo kwipoliyo., ngaphandle komonakalo wexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukukhubazeka komzimba kunokuba yinto engapheliyo.

Ukuba wawunepoliyo usengumntwana, usenokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"post-polio syndrome" xa ukhula.

Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze ufumane isiqabu ekhaya?

Ukuba uneempawu zepoliyo, ungafumana isiqabu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Sela iziselo ezininzi ezifana namanzi kunye nesobho.
• Ukufaka ibhotile yamanzi ashushu (iipakethe zobushushu) kunokunceda kwiintlungu zemisipha.
• Sela amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukunika abantwana amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wabantwana kuqala .
• Yenza unyango lomzimba kunye nemithambo ecetyiswa ngugqirha wakho.
• Phumla kakuhle.

Ngaba ipoliyo isusiwe ehlabathini?

Ipoliyo isusiwe kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ngenxa yokugonywa kwabantwana. Oko kukuthi, ayisekho kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe iinkqubo zempilo yoluntu, ubhubhane wepoliyo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900 wawukhubaza kwaye wabulala amawaka abantu. Umzekelo, ubhubhane wokugqibela omkhulu eMelika ngo-1952 washiya abantu abangaphezu kwama-21,000, uninzi lwabo lungabantwana, bekhubazeke.

Ukususela ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kwemithi yokugonya ipoliyo ngo-1955, usulelo lwe-poliovirus luye lwehla kakhulu. I-polio yabhengezwa ukuba ayisekho eMelika ngo-1994. Nangona kunjalo, amatyala asenokubakho ngamanye amaxesha, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuhamba kwamanye amazwe. Ukuba abantu bayayeka ukugonywa, i-polio inokuqala ukusasazeka kwakhona .

Kwiintlobo ezintathu ze-poliovirus zasendle, uhlobo lwesi-2 nolwesi-3 ngoku zisusiwe ehlabathini. Oko kukuthi, azisekho iimeko zendalo. Nangona uhlobo loku-1 lususiwe kumazwe amaninzi, alukasuswa ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini.

Enyanisweni, kungenxa yesi sitofu sisebenzayo esenza uninzi lwethu namhlanje lungasakhathazeki ngemiphumo emibi yepoliyo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ukusasazeka kwayo kuyekile kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, imibutho yezempilo yoluntu isasebenza ukuyitshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo. Khumbula, ukuba nje ipoliyo isekhona ndaweni ithile ehlabathini, inokubuya ibangele izifo ezinzulu . Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokhuseleko lwakho, ingakumbi ukuba uya kwindawo apho ipoliyo isaxhaphake khona, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka sizikhumbule

Kulungile, makhe ndishwankathele izinto ezimbalwa esithethe ngazo ngepoliyo endicinga ukuba zibalulekile kuwe:

• Ipoliyo sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane esinokuba yingozi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha side sibangele ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
• Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela wena nabantwana bakho kwi-polio. Kubalulekile ukuba ufumane imigonyo yakho ngexesha.
• Iindlela ezilungileyo zococeko (ukuhlamba izandla, ukusebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo) zinceda ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwepoliyo.
• Ukuba uneempawu zepoliyo (umkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, intamo eqinileyo, ubuthathaka kwimilenze),Bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ekubeni ipoliyo ingekapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sonke sikuqaphele oku size silandele amanyathelo okhuseleko.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi uza kulufumana luluncedo. Hlala usempilweni!

Ipoliyo , Ipoliyo, Iimpawu zePoliyo, Ugonyo lwePoliyo, Intsholongwane yePoliyo, Ukukhubazeka, Impilo yomntwana