Ingaba izinga le-carbon dioxide egazini lakho (CO2) liphezulu? Masithethe nge-hypercapnia!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe nje? Okanye uziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo, okanye uphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu? Nangona ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho esinye isizathu emva koku. Oko kukuthi, ubungakanani bekhabhoni diokside (CO2) egazini lakho buphezulu kakhulu. Kwizonyango, esi simo sibizwa ngokuba yi-hypercapnia , kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-hypercarbia . Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula namhlanje.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-hypercapnia?

Ngamafutshane, i-hypercapnia ithetha ukuba ubungakanani bekhabhoni diokside (CO2) egazini lakho buphezulu kunenqanaba elicetyiswayo. Ngoku, khangela, le khabhoni diokside (CO2) iveliswa njengemveliso ephumayo xa iiseli zomzimba wethu zivelisa amandla. Iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi emva koko ziqokelela le CO2 ziyithwale ziyise emiphungeni, apho ikhutshwa khona xa sikhupha umoya. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngesizathu esithile umzimba wethu awukwazi ukuyikhupha ngokufanelekileyo le nkunkuma ebizwa ngokuba yikhabhoni diokside, iqala ukuqokelelana egazini. Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-hypercapnia.

Le meko inokuba yengapheliyo , eneempawu ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci (ukuphelelwa ngamandla) kunye nokudinwa emini. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yeyoyikekayo, eneempawu eziqatha ngakumbi.

Kubalulekile: I-hypercapnia ebukhali yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango. Ingachaphazela ingqondo (iimpawu ze-neurological) kwaye ibangele ukudideka, ukudideka, kunye ne-paranoia.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweHypercapnia kunye neHypoxemia?

Ezi zimbini zinokuba zidida kancinci. I-Hypercapnia kukwanda kwe-carbon dioxide (CO2) egazini. I-Hypoxemia kukuncipha komthamo we-oksijini egazini. Ngamanye amaxesha zombini ezi meko zinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye. Oko kuthetha ukuba kunokwanda kwe-CO2 egazini kunye nokuncipha kwe-oksijini.

Zithini iimpawu zeHypercapnia?

Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezinokwenzeka xa umntu enesifo se-hypercapnia. Ezi zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesi sifo (nokuba sisifo esingapheliyo okanye esiqatha).

• Ukuphefumla nzima: Kungavakala ngathi awukwazi ukuphefumla, ngathi isifuba sakho siyancipha.
• Intloko ebuhlungu: Intloko ebuhlungu eyenzeka rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha iba mandundu kusasa.
• Ukudinwa okungapheliyo okanye ukucotha emini: Ukuziva udiniwe nokuba ulala kangakanani na.
• Ukudideka: Ukungaziqondi kakuhle izinto ezifana nendawo nexesha.
• Ukudideka okanye ukutshintsha kwesimo sengqondo: Utshintsho kwindlela yokucinga nokwenza izigqibo.
• I-paranoia: Uloyiko olungenangqiqo lokuba abanye baza kukwenzakalisa.
• Uxinzelelo: Imeko yokungonwabi nokuphelelwa lithemba.
• Ukuxhuzula: Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, iimeko ezifana nokuxhuzula zinokwenzeka.

I-hypercapnia engapheliyo ingaqala ngokubonakala ngeempawu ezincinci ezifana nokudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezi zinto zinokuqhubeka zibe ziimpawu ezinxulumene nobuchopho ezifana nokudideka. I-hypercapnia ebukhali inokubangela ukuqala ngequbuliso kweempawu ezinxulumene nobuchopho, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci.

Zithini izizathu ze-hypercapnia?

I-Hypercapnia inokubangelwa yiyo nayiphi na imeko enyusa inqanaba le-carbon dioxide (CO2) emzimbeni, okanye ethintela i-CO2 ukuba ingangeni emiphungeni iphume emzimbeni. Izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezinegalelo koku kukungaphefumli kakuhle kunye nokungahambisani kwe-V/Q .

• Ukukhupha umoya omninzi: Oku kuthetha ukuba izinga lokuphefumla kwakho licotha kakhulu, okanye uphefumla kancinci kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukukhupha umoya ngokufanelekileyo ubungakanani be-CO2 obuveliswa emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukungafani kwe-V/Q: Oku kunzima kancinci. Ngamafutshane, u-"V" umele ukuVuthela umoya, oku kuthetha ubungakanani bomoya ongena emiphungeni. U-"Q" umele ukuPhefumla, oku kuthetha ubungakanani begazi elingena emiphungeni. Ngoko ke, ukuba imiphunga ifumana umoya owaneleyo kodwa igazi lingahambi kakuhle, okanye ukuba igazi lihamba kakuhle kodwa umoya ungahambi kakuhle, olu linganiselo lwe-V/Q alulingani. Kwezinye izifo zemiphunga, kukho "indawo efileyo" kwi-alveoli yemiphunga, apho igazi lingafumani igazi elaneleyo. Emva koko, nangona imiphunga izaliswe ngumoya, ayizizo zonke ii-CO2 ezinokususwa egazini.

I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuthinteleka Kwemiphunga) kunye ne-sleep apnea zezona zinto zimbini zixhaphakileyo ezibangela i-hypercapnia. Kukwakho nezinye izizathu:

• Iimeko ezenza buthathaka inkqubo elawula ukuphefumla kwakho: Imizekelo ibandakanya istroke, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwemithi yokuthomalalisa umzimba, i-obesity hypoventilation syndrome, kunye ne-hypothyroidism.
• Iimeko ezichaphazela umqolo wakho, imithambo-luvo, okanye ulawulo lwemisipha: Imizekelo ibandakanya i-multiple sclerosis (MS), iingxaki zemithambo-luvo okanye zomgogodla, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), kunye ne-muscular dystrophy.
• Utshintsho kwisakhiwo sesifuba okanye umqolo:Imizekelo ibandakanya isifuba esiqhekekileyo (ukuqhekeka kodonga lwesifuba) kunye ne-ankylosing spondylitis (ukudumba kwamalungu omqolo).
• Iityhefu: Imizekelo ibandakanya i-tetanus kunye ne-botulism.
• Ukuxhuzula kwemithambo yegazi.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi.

Umkhuhlane kunye nokuzilolonga nako kunokubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-CO2 anyuke. Nangona kunjalo, imizimba yabantu abaninzi iyaqhelana noku kwaye ibuyele kwisimo sayo esifanelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-hypercapnia inokwenzeka nokuba umntu one-COPD unikwe ioksijini.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wale meko?

Abantu abanesifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga, isifo semisipha, kunye nezifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (ingqondo kunye nomgogodla) basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-hypercapnia. Kwakhona, ukuba uthatha amayeza akwenza ulale (umz., ii-opioids, ii-benzodiazepines), usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba ne-hypercapnia kuba ukuphefumla kwakho kunokuba nzulu okanye kucothe.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-hypercapnia?

Ukuba umzimba wakho awukwazi ukulawula la manqanaba aphezulu e-carbon dioxide, kunokwenzeka iimeko ezisongela ubomi. Ezi ziquka:

• I-acidosis yokuphefumla: Oku kwenzeka xa i-pH yegazi lakho yehla ngaphantsi kwamanqanaba aqhelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ne-asidi eninzi.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla: Oku kwenzeka xa izicubu zomzimba wakho zingakwazi ukufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo.
• Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac.
• I-Coma.

Ifunyanwa njani iHypercarbia?

Ukuze kuchongwe i-hypercapnia, oogqirha baya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo olulinganisa ubungakanani bekhabhoni dayokhsayidi egazini lakho. Banokwenza nolunye uvavanyo ukujonga ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela i-hypercapnia.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinokusetyenziswa?

Uvavanyo olufana nolu lunokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe i-hypercapnia okanye iimeko ezibangela oku:

• I-pulse oximetry: Oku kusebenzisa i-sensor encinci ebekwe emnweni wakho ukulinganisa ubungakanani be-oksijini egazini lakho. Olu luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo nolungenabuhlungu. Lunokunika ugqirha wakho umbono okhawulezileyo ngemeko yakho.
• Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi oluvela kwimithambo yegazi (ABG): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa inqanaba lekhabhoni dayoksayidi egazini lakho ngokuthatha isampuli yegazi esihlahleni sakho, engalweni, okanye emqolo usebenzisa inaliti.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi olwahlukeneyo lunokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe i-hypercapnia okanye izizathu zayo. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC), uvavanyo lwe-toxicology, uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-CO2, kunye novavanyo lomsebenzi we-thyroid.
• Uvavanyo lomfanekiso:Ugqirha unokuyalela ukuba kwenziwe ii-X-ray zesifuba okanye ii-CT scans zesifuba/intloko ukuze azame ukufumanisa iimeko zonyango ezifihlakeleyo.
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga (ii-PFT): Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani na ukuchonga iimeko zempilo ezisisiseko.

Iphathwa njani i-hypercarbia?

Unyango lwe-hypercapnia luxhomekeke kwisizathu. Oogqirha banokusebenzisa olu nyango lulandelayo:

• Umoya ongenamthungo (NIV): Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa umatshini ukukunceda uphefumle ngemaski ehambelana nobuso bakho. Umzekelo, oomatshini beCPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) okanye iBiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure) (edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiBiPAP®).
• Unyango lweoksijini.
• Amayeza okuguqula ukugqithisa: Ukuba i-hypercapnia ibangelwa kukugqithisa iziyobisi ezibangela ukozela (umz. ii-opioids), ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza athile anokuguqula imiphumo yaloo mayeza.
• Umoya ongeniswa ngoomatshini: Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, isigulana sinokufuna ukuqhagamshelwa kumatshini wokuphefumla.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Ukunika umntu one-COPD ioksijini ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenza i-hypercapnia ibe mandundu. Oku kunokunyusa ukungalingani kwe-V/Q, okanye iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zinokukhupha i-CO2 egazini (isiphumo seHaldane), kodwa umzimba awukwazi ukuyisusa ngokufanelekileyo loo CO2.

Ngaba i-Hypercapnia ingathintelwa?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-hypercapnia kukuthatha onke amayeza akho owanikwe ngugqirha njengoko eyalelwe kwaye ulawule naziphi na iingxaki zempilo ezingabonakaliyo. Ukuba une-COPD, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokulawula ukudumba kwesikhumba.

Iyintoni imbono ye-hypercarbia?

Imbonakalo ye-hypercapnia ixhomekeke kwisizathu. Izizathu ezininzi, ukuba zichongiwe kwangethuba, zinokunyangwa. I-hypercapnia yexesha elide ebangelwa yi-sleep apnea inokuthintelwa ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esichazwe ngugqirha okanye ngeentlobo ezithile zotyando.

Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba phakathi kwabantu abane-COPD, abo bane-hypercapnia banokuba ne-prognosis embi kancinci kunabo bangenayo i-hypercapnia.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzinyamekela kukulawula naziphi na iimeko ezikubangela ukuba ube semngciphekweni we-hypercapnia. Ukuba une-COPD, i-sleep apnea, okanye nayiphi na enye imeko ekubeka emngciphekweni we-hypercapnia, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neempawu omele uzijonge.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-hypercapnia, ingakumbi ukuba unezinye iimeko zempilo ezikubeka esichengeni, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unenye yezi mpawu zibalulekileyo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko:

• Ukuxhuzula.
• Utshintsho kwimeko yengqondo okanye ukudideka.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ukudideka kwengqondo (i-Paranoia).
• Ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iinzipho okanye imilebe.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kutheni oku kwenzeke kum?
• Oku kungathintelwa njani kwixesha elizayo?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?

Imizimba yethu isoloko izama ukugcina ulungelelwano ngaphandle kokuba sicinge ngako. Amanqanaba eoksijini kunye nekhabhoni dayokhsayidi anokutshintshatshintsha, kodwa imizimba yethu iyavumelana nalo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zonyango zenza kube nzima emizimbeni yethu ukugcina ulungelelwano olufunekayo. Kulapho ke kuvela khona iimeko ezifana ne-hypercapnia.

I-carbon dioxide egqithisileyo eyenzeka ngexesha le-hypercapnia inokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi. Ukuba unesifo esikubeka emngciphekweni we-hypercapnia, yenza isicwangciso nogqirha wakho malunga nento omawuyenze ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba uneempawu ze-hypercapnia. Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba unenguqu yengqondo efana nokudideka, ukuxhuzula, okanye ukudideka.

Isishwankathelo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Zihlobo ezithandekayo, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku niyaqonda kakuhle ukuba yintoni i-hypercapnia, izizathu zayo, iimpawu kunye nonyango. Khumbula, ukunyuka komthamo we-carbon dioxide (CO2) egazini lakho akuyonto ithathwa lula.

• Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokudinwa rhoqo, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye intloko ebuhlungu engapheliyo , thetha nogqirha ngayo.
• Ukuba unezifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-COPD okanye i-sleep apnea , lumka kakhulu malunga ne-hypercapnia.
• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa zingqondo ngequbuliso, ukudideka, okanye ukuxhuzula , yingxaki yezonyango. Yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iingcebiso zonyango kunye nokusela amayeza amiselweyo ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngamana sonke singaba namandla okuphila ubomi obusempilweni!

I- Hypercapnia, i-Carbon Dioxide, Ubunzima bokuphefumla, i-COPD, i-Sleep Apnea, Uvavanyo lweGesi yegazi, Isifo sokuphefumla