Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi kukho iqhuma okanye ukudumba ngaphambili entanyeni yakho? Mhlawumbi ukubonile xa uzijonga esipilini, okanye omnye umntu ekuxelele ngako. Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kancinci xa ubona into efana nale. Kodwa nangona abantu abaninzi besoyika oku, oku kunokuba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Goiter'. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-goiter?
I-Goiter kukwanda kwe-thyroid gland yakho. Khawuthelekelele, ngaphambili entanyeni yethu, ngaphantsi nje kwe-apile ka-Adam, kukho i-gland encinci efana nebhabhathane. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-thyroid gland .
Le gland incinci ivelisa iihomoni ezimbini ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Ezi yi-thyroxine (T4) kunye ne-triiodothyronine (T3). Ezi homoni zilawula izinto ezininzi emzimbeni wethu. Njengenjini yemoto.
- I-Metabolism: Eli lizinga apho ukutya esikutyayo kuguqulwa kube ngamandla.
- Ubushushu bomzimba: Bulawula ubushushu bomzimba wethu.
- Isimo sengqondo: Sichaphazela isimo sengqondo sethu, ulonwabo, nomsindo.
- Isantya sentliziyo: Ilawula isantya esibetha ngaso intliziyo yethu.
- Ukugaya ukutya: Kusinceda sikwetyise ukutya esikutyayo.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ngesizathu esithile i-thyroid gland iyadumba okanye iyanda, loo meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-'goiter'. Oku kungaba yiqhuma okanye iqhubu elingaphakathi kwi-gland.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayizizo zonke ii-goiter ezibangela ukuba amanqanaba e-thyroid hormone angaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-gland inokukhula nokuba amanqanaba e-hormone aqhelekile.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-goiter?
Oogqirha bahlulahlula i-goiters ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Enye yindlela edumba ngayo. Enye ixhomekeke kwinqanaba le-hormone ye-thyroid. Makhe sijonge zombini ezi zinto.
Uhlu ngokwendlela yokudumba
| Uhlobo lwe-goiter | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-goiter elula (esasazekayo) | Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba yonke i-thyroid gland ivuvukala ngendlela efanayo. Xa uchukumisa intamo, ivakala ngathi kukudumba okuthambileyo. |
| I-nodular goiter | Kule nto, kuvela iqhuma eliqinileyo okanye elizele lulwelo (iqhuma) ngaphakathi kwi-thyroid gland. Ngoko ke, xa uchukumisa intamo, uziva iqhuma. |
| I-goiter ene-multinodular | Oku kubangela ukuba kubekho amaqhuma amaninzi (ii-nodules) ngaphakathi kwi-gland. Amanye abonakala ngaphandle, ngelixa amanye anokufunyanwa kuphela xa ugqirha ehlola okanye eskeni. |
Uhlu ngokwezinga lehomoni ye-thyroid
- I-goiter enobuthi: Kule nto, i-thyroid gland iyakhula ize ivelise iihomoni ze-thyroid ezingaphezulu kunokuba kufuneka . Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'Hyperthyroidism'.
- I-goiter engeyiyo ityhefu: Kule meko, nangona i-thyroid gland ikhulile, amanqanaba e-hormone aqhelekile . Oko kukuthi, akukho kunyuka (`Hyperthyroidism`) okanye ukwehla (`Hypothyroidism`) kwii-hormone.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko?
Nabani na unokuba nesifo sokudumba kwemisipha, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Kwabasetyhini: Abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kane okuba ne-goiter kunamadoda.
- Ubudala: Le ngozi iyanda emva kweminyaka engama-40.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unesifo se-thyroid, nawe unokuba naso.
- Ezinye iimeko zempilo: Abantu abaneengxaki ezifana nokutyeba kakhulu kunye nokunganyamezelani ne-insulin nabo basengozini enkulu.
- Ukuvezwa kwimitha: Ukuba indawo yentamo okanye yentloko iye yavezwa kwimitha ukuze ifumane unyango, loo nto nayo ikwangumngcipheko.
Eyona nto ibangela i-goiter kwihlabathi liphela kukunqongophala kwe-iodine . Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe afana neSri Lanka, ekubeni songeza i-iodine kwityuwa esiyisebenzisayo, loo nto ayixhaphakanga kakhulu ngoku.
Zithini iimpawu ze-goiter?
I-goiter inokwahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka kwi-goiter encinci, engabonakaliyo kangako, ukuya kwi-goiter enkulu, engabonakaliyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-goiter ayinabuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ihamba nokuvuvukala kwe-thyroid gland (thyroiditis), inokuba buhlungu.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezikule theyibhile ingezantsi.
| Udidi lweempawu | Iimpawu ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziphambili | |
| Ukudumba kwentamo | Ukubonakala kweqhubu okanye ukudumba ngaphambili entanyeni, ngaphantsi kwengxolo. |
| Umqala obuhkungu | Uzive ngathi umqala wakho uxinene, ngathi ithayi iyaqina. |
| Utshintsho lwelizwi | Ukurhawuzelela, ukulahlekelwa kukungacaci kwelizwi. |
| Iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu | Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, ubunzima bokuginya, ukuquleka xa uphakamisa iingalo. |
| Iimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism | |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia). |
| Ukuhla ukusinda | Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu, nangona utya kakuhle. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukubila ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, ukuchama rhoqo, ukungcangcazela izandla, kunye nokungaphumli. |
| Iimpawu ze-hypothyroidism | |
| Ukudinwa komzimba | Ukudinwa rhoqo kunye nokulala. |
| Ukutyeba kwakho | Ukunyuka kobunzima ngaphandle kwesizathu, nangona ulawula ukutya kwakho. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukuqhinwa, ulusu olomileyo, imijikelo yokuya exesheni engaqhelekanga kubafazi. |
Zithini izizathu ze-goiter?
I-Goiter luphawu loxinzelelo kwi-thyroid gland. Inokuba nezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukunqongophala kwe-iodine: Le yeyona nto iphambili ehlabathini. I-iodine ibalulekile ekuvelisweni kweehomoni ze-thyroid. Ukuba awufumani i-iodine eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho, i-gland iya kuzama ukwenza iiseli ezininzi, ikhule ibe nkulu, kwaye ngandlela ithile yenze iihomoni.
- Isifo sikaGraves: Esi sisifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'autoimmune'. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela i-thyroid gland yethu. Oku kubangela ukuba i-thyroid ivuseleleke kakhulu, ikhule, kwaye ivelise iihomoni ezininzi kakhulu ('Hyperthyroidism').
- Isifo sikaHashimoto: Esi sikwayimeko 'yokuzikhusela komzimba'. Kule meko, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela i-gland ize ibangele ukuba ivuvuke. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umsebenzi we-gland uyaphazamiseka kwaye ivelisa iihomoni ezinganeleyo ('Hypothyroidism'). I-gland inokudumba ukuze ikwazi ukubuyisa loo mpawu.
- Umhlaza we-thyroid: Umhlaza we-thyroid unokubangela ukuba i-gland ikhule. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke ii-goiter ezinomhlaza . Kufuneka uvavanyo lwezonyango ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo.
- Ukukhulelwa: I-thyroid gland inokukhula kancinci ngenxa yehomoni ethi ``Human chorionic gonadotropin`` (HCG), ekhutshwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- I-thyroiditis: I-gland inokudumba kwaye idumbe ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto njenge-goiter?
Ukuba uneqhubu entanyeni yakho, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha . Ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo ukuze afumanise ukuba ingaba yi-goiter kwaye yintoni ebangela loo nto.
1. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kuyiva intamo yakho ukuze ajonge ukudumba, amaqhuma kunye nentlungu.
2.Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa amanqanaba eehomoni ze-thyroid (T3, T4) kunye ne-TSH. Oku kunokubonisa ukuba i-gland isebenza kakuhle na kwaye ukuba kukho ihomoni eninzi okanye encinci kakhulu.
3. I-Thyroid Ultrasound Scan: Njenge-baby scan, le ijonga i-gland entanyeni. Ingabona ngokucacileyo ukuba i-gland inkulu kangakanani, ukuba kukho amaqhuma, nokuba amaqhuma aqinile okanye angamanzi.
4. I-Biopsy: Ukuba iskeni ibonisa iqhuma elikhulu okanye elirhanelekayo, ugqirha uza kusebenzisa inaliti ukuthatha isampuli encinci yeeseli kwiqhuma aze alithumele kwilebhu ukuze kuvavanywe iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela ukuba akukho mngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.
5. I-CT okanye i-MRI scan: Ukuba i-goiter inkulu kakhulu, okanye ukuba kukho ukurhaneleka kokuba ikhulele esifubeni, olu hlobo lwe-scan nalo lungenziwa.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-goiter?
Unyango luxhomekeke kubungakanani be-goiter, iimpawu onazo, kunye nesizathu.
- Ukulinda ngononophelo: Ukuba i-goiter incinci, awunangxaki, kwaye amanqanaba akho e-hormone aqhelekile, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni akujonge ixesha elithile ngaphandle konyango.
- Iintlobo zamayeza:
- Ukuba amanqanaba eehomoni aphantsi ( iHypothyroidism ), iipilisi zehomoni ezifana ne-'Levothyroxine' ziyacetyiswa ukuba zithathwe yonke imihla.
- Ukuba amanqanaba eehomoni aphezulu ( i-hyperthyroidism ), amayeza anjengeMethimazole ayamiselwa ukunciphisa imveliso yeehomoni.
- Ukuba i-goiter ibangelwa kukudumba kwe-gland, unokunikwa amayeza okudambisa iintlungu okanye i-corticosteroid.
- Unyango lwe-iodine enemisebe: Olu lunyango lwe-hyperthyroidism. Uthatha ulwelo okanye i-capsule ye-iodine enemisebe engena kwi-thyroid gland, itshabalalise iiseli ezisebenzayo kakhulu apho kwaye ibangele ukuba i-gland inciphe.
- Utyando (Utyando - Utyando lweThyroidectomy):
- Ukuba i-goiter inkulu kakhulu kwaye yenza kube nzima ukuphefumla okanye ukuginya.
- Ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ngumhlaza.
- Ukuba kukho ingxaki enkulu ngenkangeleko.
Kwezi meko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando lokususa inxalenye okanye yonke i-gland. Ukuba i-gland isusiwe ngokupheleleyo, kuya kufuneka uthathe iipilisi ze-thyroid hormone ubomi bakho bonke.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha okuxilongayo nguye oza kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo. Ngoko ke ungazithelekisi namava abanye abantu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba ubona ukudumba okanye iqhuma entanyeni yakho, musa ukulibazisa. Isenokuba yi-goiter.
- Akukho mfuneko yokoyika xa ubona i-goiter. Uninzi lwe-goiter alunawo umhlaza.
- Nokuba siyintoni na isizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo.
- Unyango luxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, akukho nyango lunokufuneka.
- Ukuba uyazi ukuba une-goiter, yiya kuvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo njengoko ugqirha wakho ecebisa.
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