Oko kufuneka ukwazi malunga nomba ongwevu engqondweni!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba leliphi ilungu elimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu? Yingqondo yethu. Ifana 'neZiko loLawulo' lomzimba wethu wonke. Yonke into esiyicingayo, esiyenzayo, nesiyivayo ilawulwa yile nxalenye imangalisayo engaphakathi kwentloko yethu encinci. Ngaba uyazi ukuba le ngqondo yenziwe ngantoni? Ngokuyintloko, ingqondo yenziwe ngeentlobo ezimbini ezikhethekileyo zezicubu. Enye 'yi -grey matter ' esithetha ngayo namhlanje. Enye 'yi- white matter '. Zombini ezi zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Kalula nje, yintoni le nto imdaka?

Kulungile, masiyibeke ngokulula le nto. Le nto ingwevu luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwezicubu kwiNkqubo yethu yeNervous System, eyingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo. Kulapho uninzi lwemizimba yeeseli zee-neurons zethu zikhoyo.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, ‘Zithini ezi seli zemithambo-luvo?’ Zicinge njengenethiwekhi yeengcingo zombane ezincinci ezithwala ulwazi oluya phambili noluya emizimbeni yethu. Iseli yemithambo-luvo yenziwe ngamalungu amathathu aphambili.

1. Umzimba we-Neuronal: Le yinxalenye ephambili yeseli yemithambo-luvo. Ifana nengcambu yomthi. Ikwanayo nenucleus yeseli. Yile nucleus elawula ukusebenza kweseli iyonke.

2. I-Axon: Le yinxalenye ende, efana nomsonto ephuma emzimbeni weseli, njengesiqu somthi. Kulapho imiqondiso yombane ithwalwa khona ukusuka kwenye iseli ukuya kwenye.

3. IiDendrites: Ezi zifana namasebe omthi, iqela leemicu ezincinci eziphuma emzimbeni weseli. Ezi zilapho kwamkelwa khona imiqondiso evela kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo.

Ngoko ke, le nto ingwevu yenziwe kakhulu yimizimba yeeseli zeeseli zemithambo-luvo, ezifana neengcambu, kunye namasebe, afana namasebe. Oko kukuthi, umsebenzi ophambili wokucubungula ulwazi wenzeka ngaphakathi kwale nto ingwevu.

Le nto ingwevu iqala ukwakheka sisesesibelekweni. Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, umthamo wale tissue uyanda de kube neminyaka esi-8 ubudala. Emva koko, uxinano lwayo luyanda de kube neminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Oku kwanda koxinano kuko okwandisa amandla engqondo yethu okucubungula ulwazi kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule kukuba ezi seli zemithambo azikhuli zintsha, kwaye azikhuli kwakhona ukuba ziyafa. Oko kukuthi, ukuba iseli yemithambo yonakele, ayikhuli kwakhona.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezingwevu nezinto ezimhlophe?

Eli linqaku elididayo kubantu abaninzi. Malunga ne-40% yobuchopho bethu yenziwe ngezinto ezingwevu, kwaye i-60% eseleyo yizinto ezimhlophe. Ezi zimbini zinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Zifana neprosesa kunye neengcingo zayo kwikhompyutha.

Masiqonde ngokucacileyo umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kwitheyibhile engezantsi.

Ngamafutshane, i-grey matter yimbindi yezakhono zethu zokucinga nokuqiqa. Kulapha apho yonke into yenzeka khona, ukusuka kwiimvakalelo zethu ukuya kwinkumbulo yethu, ukufunda, intetho, kunye nokulawula iintshukumo zokuzithandela. Umsebenzi we-white matter kukudlulisa imiyalezo ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwezi ziko zokucubungula ulwazi.

Iphi le tissue engwevu efumaneka emzimbeni wethu?

Oku kufumaneka kakhulu kumphezulu wobuchopho bethu nakwezinye iindawo ezinzulu ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Kukwafumaneka nangaphakathi kwintambo yomqolo.

Indawo ngaphakathi kwengqondo

Ukuba ujonga umfanekiso wobuchopho, kubonakala ngathi bunemibimbi kumphezulu walo, akunjalo? Ezo mibimbi kunye nemiphetho (iGyri kunye neSulci) zenziwe ngezinto ezingwevu. Uyazi ukuba kutheni zimibimbi ngolo hlobo? Emva koko ungapakisha indawo eninzi yomphezulu kwindawo encinci (ngaphakathi kwentloko yethu). Yiyo loo nto abantu benezinto ezingwevu ezininzi kunezinye izilwanyana. Yiyo loo nto sinokucinga nokufunda izinto ezintsonkothileyo.

Iindawo zengqondo apho izinto ezingwevu zixhaphake khona zezi:

• I-Cerebellum: Le yinxalenye yengqondo yethu ngasemva, ngaphantsi. Iqulethe inani elikhulu leeseli zemithambo-luvo kuyo yonke ingqondo. Ibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ulungelelwano kunye neentshukumo zomzimba.
• Ingqondo: Le yeyona nxalenye inkulu yobuchopho. Kulapho imisebenzi yethu yengqondo ephezulu, njengokucinga, inkumbulo, kunye nolwimi, iyenzeka khona.
• I-Brainstem: Le yinxalenye edibanisa ingqondo nomqolo. Ibalulekile ekulawuleni imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nokuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.

Indawo ngaphakathi kwentambo yomgogodla

Ukuba uthatha umqolo, unezicwili ezimhlophe ngaphandle, nezicwili ezingwevu ngaphakathi. Zimile okwebhabhathane.

Ngaba izinto ezingwevu zingonakala okanye zincitshiswe?

Ewe, ngelishwa, oko kunokwenzeka. Xa iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwi-grey matter zisifa, oku kubola kwezicubu. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba ezo seli azifumani ioksijini kunye nokunikezelwa kwegazi ezikufunayo. Cinga nje, kuba ezi seli zihlala zisebenza, zifuna amandla amaninzi kunye neoksijini ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukongeza, ezinye iiseli ze-grey matter ziyafa ngokwemvelo njengoko sikhula, kodwa ezi zezona ziseli ziphila ixesha elide emizimbeni yethu.

Kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi ezonakalisa izinto ezingwevu:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer: Oku kubangelwa kukungafakwa kweeproteni ngendlela engaqhelekanga (i-Amyloid kunye ne-Tau) engqondweni. Oku kubangela ukufa kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kwi-grey matter.
• Isifo sikaParkinson: Oku kubangelwa kukulahlekelwa ziiseli zemithambo-luvo kwinxalenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Substantia Nigra', eyenziwe ngezicubu ezingwevu.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Esi saziwa njengesifo esichaphazela kakhulu izinto ezimhlophe. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutsha lufumanise ukuba esi sifo sikwayonakalisa izinto ezingwevu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinzulu zobuchopho.
• Ukulimala entloko (Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu - i-TBI):Ukuba ufumana ukubethwa okukhulu entloko, ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo kunokwenzeka kwaye konakalise iiseli ezikwi-grey matter.

Zithini iimpawu zomonakalo wezinto ezingwevu?

Iimpawu zomonakalo we-grey matter zixhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala lobuchopho elonakeleyo. Kodwa ngokubanzi, unokubona iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo okanye ukuwohloka: Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto ezintsha, ukulibala izinto ezindala.
• Ukuphazamiseka Kwengqondo: Oku kubhekisa kutshintsho kwindlela yokucinga kunye nobuchule bokwenza izigqibo. Umzekelo:
• Iingxaki zolwimi (ubunzima bokuthetha, ukufumana amagama).
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila.
• Ubunzima bokucinga ngengqiqo nokwenza izigqibo ezinzima.
• Iingxaki Zokuhamba Kweemoto: Ubunzima bokushukuma kancinci, ingakumbi xa usebenzisa izandla zakho ukuqhobosha ihempe, ukubhala, okanye ukubamba ikomityi.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane ingcebiso ngokukhawuleza.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le meko?

Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan ukujonga impilo yento yakho engwevu nemhlophe. Olu vavanyo luluncedo kakhulu ekuxilongeni iimeko ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson kunye ne-MS. Ukongeza, iimvavanyo ezifana ne -fMRI (Functional MRI) kunye ne-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) nazo zingasetyenziswa.

Ingaba kukho unyango ukuba lonakele?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokubuyisela okanye yokunyanga ngokupheleleyo umonakalo kwizinto ezingwevu, kuba njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, xa iiseli zemithambo-luvo zisifa, azikwazi ukuphinda zivelise.

Ngoko ke, into onokuyenza kukuzama ukulawula iimpawu nokuthintela isifo ukuba singabi mandundu. Ukuze wenze oku, kubalulekile ukulandela unyango oluchazwe ngugqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.

Singayigcina njani i-grey matter yethu iphilile?

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Kungcono kakhulu ukuthintela umonakalo kunokuwunyanga emva kokuba uvele. Ukunikezelwa kwegazi neoksijini ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile kwimpilo yezinto ezingwevu. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza:

• Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu): Ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, thatha amayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Zilolonge rhoqo: Kulungile kakhulu ukwenza umthambo obangela ukubila ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Zigcine kude notywala kangangoko unako.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ubunzima obufanele ubude bakho.
• Lala kakuhle: Iiyure ezisi-7-8 zokulala kakuhle ngosuku zibalulekile.
• Lawula iswekile kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini: Ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye ne-cholesterol, zilawule kakuhle.
• Kuphephe okanye uyeke ukutshaya.
• Nciphisa uxinzelelo: Izinto ezifana nokucamngca kunye neyoga zinokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo.

Uphando lubonise ukuba nangona beneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala, abantu abazilolonga rhoqo banomthamo omkhulu we-grey matter kunabo bangenzi njalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhlala besebenza ubomi bonke kuluncedo kakhulu kwimpilo yengqondo yethu.

Ukongeza, kulungile kakhulu ukufunda izinto ezintsha ezifaka umngeni engqondweni. Izinto ezinje ngokufunda ulwimi olutsha, isixhobo somculo, okanye ukufunda iincwadi azidali iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezintsha, kodwa zenza unxibelelwano olutsha phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo ezikhoyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-brain plasticity / neuroplasticity.