Khawuthelekelele uye kugqirha ukuze uhlolwe rhoqo. Ugqirha ubeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho, akuphulaphule ngononophelo okwethutyana, aze athi, "Hmm... Ndiva ukugquma kwentliziyo okuncinci." Intliziyo yakho ikhawuleza ibethe, akunjalo? "Ukugquma? Yintoni? Ingaba sisifo esibi?" Kuqhelekile ukuba kuvele imibuzo emininzi engqondweni. Nangona abantu abaninzi besoyika eli gama, ayizizo zonke ukugquma kwentliziyo eziyingozi. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha, masithethe ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula, malunga nokuba yintoni le 'Heart Murmur', kutheni isenzeka, kunye noko kufuneka sikwazi ngayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye 'iHeart Murmur'?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge indlela esebenza ngayo intliziyo yethu. Intliziyo ngumatshini omangalisayo opompa igazi emizimbeni yethu. Ngaphakathi kule ntliziyo, kukho amagumbi amane kunye 'neevalvu' ezine ezisebenza njengeengcango phakathi kwazo. Ixesha ngalinye intliziyo ibetha, ezi valve ziyavuleka kwaye zivaleke ngokulandelelana. Ngale ndlela, igazi lihamba kwicala elinye kuphela.
Xa ugqirha emamele nge-stethoscope, intliziyo ephilileyo iya kwenza izandi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo "ze-lub-dub". Esi sisandi sokuvala kwevalvu endikhankanyileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, ukongeza kwesi sandi "lub-dub", kuvakala isandi "sokukhwaza" okanye "sokushukuma" . Kufana nokuba xa uphosa ilitye emlanjeni ohamba kancinci, amanzi ayashukuma aze enze isandi. Eso sandi singaphezulu koko sikubiza ngokuba yi "Heart Murmur" kwezonyango.
Ngamafutshane, ukugquma kwentliziyo sisandi esongezelelweyo esivakalayo ngenxa yokuhamba kwegazi okungaqhelekanga, okuguquguqukayo njengoko igazi lihamba entliziyweni.
Musa ukoyika kuba nje usiva esi sandi. Zimbini iintlobo zemibubuzo. Enye yi "innocent murmur" engenabungozi kwaye engabangelwa sisifo. Enye yi "abnormal murmur" ebangelwa yingxaki esentliziyweni.
Iintlobo zeMurmur kunye nokubaluleka kwazo
Xa ugqirha esiva ukugquma, unika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo xa kwenzeka kumjikelo wentliziyo. Oku kubanika umbono ocacileyo wobunzima bayo.
| Uhlobo lokumbombozela | Ixesha lokuva | Ithetha ukuthini ngokuqhelekileyo? |
|---|---|---|
| Ukumbombozela kweSystolic | Xa izihlunu zentliziyo zifinyela (xa intliziyo ipompa igazi) | Ezi zezona zixhaphakileyo. Uninzi lwexesha, zinokuba msulwa. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, zinokubangelwa yingxaki yevalvu yentliziyo. |
| Ukumbombozela kweDiastolic | Xa izihlunu zentliziyo ziphumle (xa intliziyo izele ligazi) | Olu hlobo lokumbombozela lunokuba luphawu lwesifo sentliziyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuphanda ngokubhekele phaya. |
| Ukububula Okuqhubekayo | Intliziyo iyaqhubeka ivakala xa ifinyela naxa iphumla. | Ezi zidla ngokubangelwa yingxaki efana nesiphene sentliziyo esizalwa naso. |
Ukongeza kolu hlulo, ugqirha ukwaqwalasela ingxolo yesandi. Ihluzwa ukusuka kwinqanaba loku-1 ukuya kwelesi-6. Inqanaba loku-1 sisandi esinokuviwa kuphela nge-stethoscope ngobunzima obukhulu kwaye kuphela ukuba unikela ingqalelo esondeleyo. Inqanaba lesi-6 sisandi esikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba singaviwa nokuba i-stethoscope ayicinezelwanga esifubeni, kodwa ibekwe kancinci ngaphezu kolusu.
Yintoni enokubangela ukumbombozela kwentliziyo?
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba kubekho ukugquma. Masizihlukanise zibe ziindidi ezimbini.
1. Abantu Abangenatyala Abambombozelayo
Ezi azibangelwa sisifo sentliziyo. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba nangona intliziyo iphilile, isandi esongezelelweyo siyavakala ngenxa yesantya esonyukayo sokuhamba kwegazi kuyo. Ezi meko zixhaphakile:
- Kwasebuntwaneni: Abantwana abaninzi abancinci benza ezi zikhalazo zingenatyala. Ezi ziya kuphela xa bekhula.
- Ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umthamo wegazi likamama uyanda, nto leyo ebangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kunyuke kwaye kuviwe ukugquma. Oku kudla ngokunyamalala emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.
- Xa sisenza umthambo: Xa sisenza umthambo, izinga lentliziyo yethu liyanyuka, ngoko ke sinokuva ukugquma.
- Iimeko ezinje ngomkhuhlane okanye i-anemia: Ngala maxesha, ukugquma kunokuvakala okwethutyana kuba intliziyo isebenza ngokukhawuleza.
2. Izizathu ekufuneka uziqaphele (Ukumbombozela Okungaqhelekanga)
Olu hlobo lokumbombozela lwenzeka ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo okanye esinye isifo. Masiyiqonde ngokucacileyo le theyibhile ingezantsi.
| Imeko | Ingcaciso elula | Ezinye iimpawu ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|---|
| Isifo seValve yeNtliziyo | Ukuthintelwa kokuhamba kwegazi ngenxa yevalvu yentliziyo engavuli kakuhle (i-valve stenosis) okanye engavali kakuhle (i-valve regurgitation). | Ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, ukudumba kweqatha, ukuquleka. |
| Iziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo | Ukubakho kweziphene zesakhiwo ezifana nemingxunya eludongeni lwentliziyo (iziphene zeseptal) ekuzalweni. | Kubantwana abancinci, ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhula okukhawulezileyo, kunye nesantya sokuphefumla esinyukayo. |
| I-Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | Ukuqina okungaqhelekanga kwemisipha yentliziyo. Oku kunokubangelwa yimfuza, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye ukugonywa. | Iintlungu zesifuba (ingakumbi ngexesha lokuzilolonga), ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuquleka, ukuqina kwesifuba. |
| I-Endocarditis | Iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya zingena egazini zize zosulele ingaphakathi lentliziyo okanye iivalvu. | Umkhuhlane ongapheliyo, ukubanda, ukudinwa kakhulu, kunye nokudumba kwesikhumba. |
| I-Hyperthyroidism | Ukwanda kwesantya sentliziyo ngenxa yokuveliswa kweehomoni ezininzi yi-thyroid gland. | Ukubetha kwentliziyo okunyukileyo, ukwehla kobunzima, ukubila kakhulu, ukungazinzi. |
Ifunyanwa njani i-murmur? Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokuchonga ukugungqa kukuba ugqirha wakho akuphulaphule intliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope. Ngelo xesha, uza kuhlola ngononophelo izinto ezifana nesandi sokugungqa, apho sivakala khona, kwaye nini.
Ukuze uqonde ngcono uhlobo lwe-murmur, ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba wenze izinto ezahlukeneyo.
- Ikuxelela ukuba uhlale, ume, okanye ugobe phambili.
- Undixelela ukuba ndibambe umphefumlo wam okwethutyana.
- Ubaxelela ukuba baqinise amanqindi abo baze bawaqinise.
Indlela isandi sokukhalaza esitshintsha ngayo xa usenza ezi zinto inokukunika izikhokelo ezithile malunga nesizathu.
Ukuba ugqirha unamathandabuzo malunga nokugquma okanye ucinga ukuba akuqhelekanga, uya kucebisa ukuba kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo ukuze kuchongwe unobangela ochanekileyo.
- I-Electrocardiogram (ECG): Olu vavanyo lujonga ukusebenza kombane kwentliziyo kwaye lunceda ekufumaneni naziphi na iingxaki ngesingqisho sentliziyo.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukujonga izinto ezifana nokwanda kwentliziyo kunye nokwakheka kolwelo emiphungeni.
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo noluchanekileyo lokufumana unobangela wokukhwaza. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso ephilayo yentliziyo, okukuvumela ukuba ubone yonke into ukususela kwindlela iivalvu zentliziyo ezisebenza ngayo, ukuya kubukhulu bemisipha yentliziyo, ukuya kwindlela intliziyo ephefumla ngayo.
Ngaba uMurmur ufuna unyango?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke kwisizathu somsindo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi , ukumbombozela okungenatyala akudingi nyango. Kuphela ngokwako ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye kuhlala kuyingozi ubomi bonke.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukurhawuzelela kubangelwa sisifo sevalvu yentliziyo okanye esinye isifo esinzima, ngokuqinisekileyo unyango luyafuneka.
- Amayeza: Amayeza anikwa ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu. Umzekelo, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukulawula isantya sentliziyo, ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi, okanye kwimeko yosulelo olufana ne-endocarditis, kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
- Utyando:Ukuba ivalvu yentliziyo yonakele kakhulu, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze ilungiswe (ukulungiswa kweevalvu) okanye ithathelwe indawo yivalvu entsha (ukutshintshwa kweevalvu). Kukwasetyenziswa utyando ukuze kulungiswe iziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha okuxilongayo akhethe unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yakhe ngokuchanekileyo.
Ixesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza
Nokuba uyazi ukuba unentliziyo ekhalayo okanye akunjalo, musa ukuyityeshela nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo.
- Intlungu eqatha yesifuba ngequbuliso
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla
- Ukuquleka/Ukuqhawuka
- Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwemilebe okanye ulusu (iCyanosis)
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo (ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza okanye ngendlela engaqhelekanga)
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, isenokuba yingxamiseko. Ngoko ke yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Ukuchitha ixesha kunokuyenza ingxaki ibe mandundu ngakumbi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isandi esithi 'Heart Murmur' sisandi esongezelelweyo esivakalayo xa intliziyo ipompa igazi. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika ukuba uyasiva esi sandi.
- Iimbombo ezininzi, ingakumbi ezo ziviwa ngabantwana, ziluhlobo 'olungenatyala', azibangeli monakalo.
- Ukuba ugqirha uthi une-murmur, musa ukoyika, kwaye fumana uvavanyo olufunekayo (ingakumbi uvavanyo lwe-echo) ukuze ufumane unobangela ochanekileyo.
- Nangona ukumbombozela okungenatyala kungadingi nyango, ukumbombozela okubangelwe yimeko yempilo kufanele kuphathwe ngokwesizathu.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinzulu ezifana neentlungu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukuquleka, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Lumka intliziyo yakho. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha kunokufumanisa izifo ezininzi zentliziyo kwangethuba.
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