Ngaba unengxaki yokuphefumla, iintlungu esifubeni, okanye uzive udiniwe kakhulu nangona usenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo? Ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukuxelele ukuba oku kungenxa yengxaki yevalvu yentliziyo. Usenokuba ukuxelele nokuba kufuneka wenze utyando ukuze kutshintshwe loo valve (Heart Valve Replacement Surgery). Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye uxhalabile xa usiva into efana nale. Yiyo loo nto sicinge ukuba singathetha ngale nto ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Kutheni intliziyo ifuna iivalvu? Kuthetha ukuthini oku?
Ngamafutshane, intliziyo yethu ifana nepompo enamagumbi amane. Phakathi kwala magumbi kukho iingcango ezine ezinceda ukugcina igazi lihamba kwicala elinye kuphela. Ezo ngcango zezo sizibiza ngokuba ziivalvu zentliziyo .
Ngenxa yokuba ezi valve zivuleka kwaye zivaleka kakuhle, igazi lihamba ngendlela ehlelekileyo.
- Ukusuka kwenye inxalenye yentliziyo ukuya kwenye.
- Imiphunga ifumana ioksijini.
- Umthambo wegazi oyintloko (i-Aorta) uthumela igazi elineoksijini emzimbeni wonke.
Khawucinge ukuba amanzi esinkini sethu awaphumi kakuhle. Amanzi ayaxinga, okanye ayaqhubeka egeleza. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo xa kukho ivalvu enesifo. Ukuhamba kwegazi kuyavaleka, okanye igazi livuza umva (regurgitation). Oku kubangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima.
Kule meko, ugqirha uza kuqala azame ukuyilawula ngamayeza. Kodwa ukuba oko akusebenzi, ivalvu inokufuneka ilungiswe okanye itshintshwe ngokupheleleyo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zeevalvu ezisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeevalvu. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uhlobo olulungele wena, eqwalasela izinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, impilo yakho, kunye nendlela ophila ngayo.
1. Iivalvu zebhayoloji
Ezi ziivalvu ezenziwe ngezicubu. Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziivalvu zezicubu okanye iivalvu ze-bioprosthetic .
- Izicubu zenkomo: Ukusuka kwinwebu egqume intliziyo yenkomo.
- Izicubu zehagu: Ezivela kwivalvu yentliziyo yehagu.
- I-Homograft: Ivalvu yentliziyo yomntu ethathwe kumntu oswelekileyo. Ezi zihlala zisetyenziswa kubantu abancinci okanye abo iivalvu zabo zonakaliswe lusulelo.
2. Iivalvu zoomatshini
Ezi ziivalvu ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana nekhabhoni kunye netitanium. Zenzelwe ukusebenza njengeevalvu zakho. Zihlala ixesha elide kakhulu kwaye zihlala ubomi bonke.
Xa ufaka iivalvu zoomatshini, usenokuva isandi esincinci esithi "click" njengoko sivuleka sivaleka. Oku kuqhelekile kwaye akukho nto ixhalabisayo.
Yebhayoloji okanye yeyoomatshini? Ukhetha njani?
Esi sigqibo sibaluleke kakhulu. Ngoko ke thetha nogqirha wakho ngaso ngononophelo. Le theyibhile ingezantsi iza kukunika umbono ocacileyo womahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
| Uphawu | Ivalvu Yebhayoloji | Ivalvu yoomatshini |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuqina | Ihlala iminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Kusenokufuneka ukuba kuphinde kusetyenziswe olu hlobo lotyando. | Ihlala ixesha elide kakhulu. Yenzelwe ukuhlala ubomi bonke. |
| Izinto zokunciphisa igazi | Uninzi lwabantu aludingi kusela la mayeza (umz., iWarfarin) ubomi babo bonke. | Kunyanzelekile ukuba usele amayeza okunciphisa igazi (afana neWarfarin) ubomi bakho bonke . |
| Ifanelekile kubani? | Ilungele kakhulu abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60-65 ubudala, abo bangafuniyo ukuthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi , kunye nabasetyhini abaceba ukukhulelwa. | Ilungele abantu abancinci nabasebenzayo (umz., abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala kwi-Aortic valve, abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kwi-Mitral valve). |
| Iingxaki | Ekuhambeni kwexesha, isenokuguga ize ifune ukutshintshwa. | Kufuneka amayeza obomi bonke kunye novavanyo lwegazi rhoqo. Kukho umngcipheko wokopha. |
Ziziphi iindlela zokwenza utyando?
Ngoku kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza utyando lokutshintsha ivalvu.
1. Utyando lweNtliziyo evulekileyo: Le yindlela yendabuko. Olu tyando lwenziwa ngokusikwa okukhulu phakathi kwethambo lesifuba.
2. Utyando Olungenabungozi Kakhulu: Oku kuquka ukwenza umngxuma omncinci esifubeni. Oku kubangela ukuba kungabikho xesha lininzi lokuchacha, kungabikho gazi lininzi, kwaye kungabikho mngcipheko wosulelo.
3. Ukutshintshwa kweValve ye-Aortic yeTranscatheter (TAVR): Le yinkqubo entsha nephucukileyo. Isifuba asivulwa. I-catheter (ityhubhu encinci) idluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi iye entliziyweni ngomngxuma omncinci emqolo okanye esifubeni, kwaye ivalve entsha ifakwe kwivalve endala kwaye ilungiswe. Le nkqubo ifanelekile kakhulu kwabo bangenakukwazi ukuthwala iingozi zotyando oluvulekileyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze umntu aphile?
Emva kotyando, uza kugcinwa kwigumbi labagula kakhulu (ICU) ukuze ujongwe usuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Emva koko uza kudluliselwa kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo. Ukuhlala esibhedlele kungathatha malunga neentsuku ezi-5-7.
Ixesha Lokubuyisela Ubukho:
- Kungathatha inyanga okanye ezimbini ukuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba kwenziwe utyando oluncinci kakhulu, ixesha lokuchacha lifutshane kakhulu.
- Uza kuziva udiniwe ngokukhawuleza kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Uza kuphinda ufumane amandla akho kancinci kancinci.
- Musa ukuphakamisa ubunzima obungaphezulu kweekhilogram ezili-10 (4.5 kg) kangangeeveki ezi-6-8.
- Musa ukuqhuba kangangeeveki ezimbalwa. Cela icebiso kugqirha wakho ngale nto.
Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya uvela esibhedlele, ungathunyelwa kwinkqubo yonyango lwentliziyo, eya kukunceda kakhulu ukuba uphile ngokukhawuleza.
Ixesha lokubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, bona ugqirha wakho okanye uye esibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa:
- Ifiva.
- Inxeba lotyando lidumbile, libomvu, okanye likhupha ubovu.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni.
- Ukunyuka kobunzima obuyi-2-3 kg kwiintsuku ezimbalwa (kusenokuba luphawu lokugcinwa kwamanzi).
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla.
- Uxinzelelo olukhulu lwengqondo okanye ukudandatheka.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lokutshintshwa kwevalvu yentliziyo ngoku lunyango oluphumelele kakhulu nolusindisa ubomi, ngoko ke musa ukuyoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Uhlobo lwevalvu (yebhayoloji okanye yoomatshini) kunye nenkqubo yotyando efanelekileyo kuwe iya kugqitywa ngugqirha wakho, ethathela ingqalelo izinto ezifana neminyaka yakho kunye nemeko yempilo yakho.
- Ukuba kufakwe ivalvu yomatshini, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okuthintela ukugabha kwegazi kwaye wenze uvavanyo lwezonyango rhoqo ubomi bakho bonke.
- Kuthatha ixesha ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo emva kotyando. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga notyando okanye naziphi na iingxaki ezinokuvela emva kwalo, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho.
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