Injini emangalisayo yomzimba wethu: Masifunde yonke into ngentliziyo!

Ngaba wakha wabeka isandla sakho esifubeni sakho ngexesha elizolileyo waza wavala amehlo akho wamamela? Eso sandi "lub-dub... lub-dub..." osivayo nesivayo sibubungqina obukhulu bokuba uyaphila. Eso sandi sivela kwinjini emangalisayo, engapheliyo emzimbeni wethu. Yintliziyo yethu leyo. Ngaba siyayazi ngokwenene le nxalenye incinci esebenza ngaphandle komzuzwana omnye wokuphumla ukususela ngomhla esizalwa ngawo de kube ngumhla esifa ngawo? Namhlanje, masithethe ngale ntliziyo ithandekayo ubomi bethu buxhomekeke kuyo.

Yintoni intliziyo? Inceda umzimba ngeyiphi inkonzo?

Ngamafutshane, intliziyo sisitho esinamandla kakhulu, esinemisipha esilingana nenqindi yakho. Sisisiseko sokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu, njengesikhululo seebhasi esiphambili kwisixeko. Sikwayibiza ngokuba yinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi.

Umsebenzi ophambili wentliziyo kukupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni xa igazi lipompelwa?" Cinga ngako, izigidi zeeseli ezincinci emzimbeni wethu zifuna amandla kunye neoksijini ukuze zisebenze. Kanye njengokuba sifuna ukutya kunye nokuphefumla ukuze siphile. Ngoko ke igazi elipompelwa yintliziyo yilo elithatha le oksijini kunye nezondlo kwaye lizisasaze kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni. Kwakhona yilo eliqokelela imveliso yenkunkuma efana nekhabhoni diokside eqokelelana kwiiseli njengoko zisebenza kwaye izisa kwizitho ezifanelekileyo (ezifana nemiphunga kunye nezintso) ukuze zilahlwe.

Ayipheleli apho, intliziyo yenza eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo:

• Ilawula isigqi kunye nesantya sokubetha kwentliziyo. Ingqondo yethu kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo zixelela intliziyo yethu ukuba ibethe kancinci xa silele kwaye ikhawuleze xa sibaleka.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi luyalawulwa. Luxanduva lwentliziyo ukugcina uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.

Intliziyo ayisebenzi yodwa ukuze yenze lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo. Inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo kunye nenkqubo ye-endocrine zisebenza kunye nentliziyo. Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yiyo enika intliziyo imiqondiso yokuba ikhawuleze xa sisoyika okanye sonwabile, kwaye inciphise isantya xa siphumlile. Iihormones ezikhutshwa yinkqubo ye-endocrine zinceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe okanye ivuleke.

Ngaba singaziqhekeza ezinye iziqwenga zentliziyo?

Intliziyo ifana nesakhiwo esiyilwe kakuhle. Ineendonga, amagumbi, iingcango, imibhobho yamanzi, kunye nenkqubo yeengcingo zombane. Masijonge nganye nganye yazo.

Iindonga kunye nesigqubuthelo sokukhusela intliziyo

Iindonga zentliziyo zizihlunu ezifinyela kwaye zikhule ukuze zipompe igazi. Phakathi kwezi ndonga kukho umaleko otyebileyo wezicubu, esiwubiza ngokuba yi-septum. Yile nto yahlula intliziyo ibe ngamacala asekunene nasekhohlo.

Udonga lwentliziyo lwenziwe ngamaleya amathathu aphambili:

• I-Endocardium: Le yingqimba engaphakathi.
• Imisipha yentliziyo `(Myocardium)`:Le yilaphu yemisipha ephakathi, esebenza kakhulu.
• I-Epicardium: Le yingqimba engaphandle ekhuselayo.

Intliziyo yonke igqunywe yingxowa ekhuselayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pericardium . Ulwelo olukhethekileyo ngaphakathi kwesi sikhwama lunceda intliziyo ukuba ityibilize ngaphandle kokubetha amanye amalungu xa ibetha.

Amagumbi Amane Entliziyo

Kukho amagumbi amane aphambili ngaphakathi entliziyweni. Amagumbi amabini kumgangatho ophezulu kunye namagumbi amabini kumgangatho osezantsi. Njengendlu enemigangatho emibini. Amagumbi akumgangatho ophezulu siwabiza ngokuba yiAtria , kwaye amagumbi asezantsi siwabiza ngokuba yiVentricles .

Iivalvu zentliziyo

Njengoko igazi lihamba lisiya phambili nangasemva phakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo, kukho inkqubo yamasango okulithintela ukuba lingabuyeli kwicala elingalunganga. La masango siwabiza ngokuba yi "Valves" . La masango avuleka xa igazi lihamba kwicala elinye, aze avale ngokuqinileyo kwakhona xa elinye igazi liphumile.

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zeevalvu:

• Ivalvu yeTricuspid: Ucango oluphakathi kwe-atrium yasekunene kunye ne-ventricle yasekunene.
• Ivalvu yepulmonary: Ngumngxuma apho umthambo othwala igazi ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekunene ukuya emiphungeni uqala khona.
• Ivalvu yeMitral: Ucango oluphakathi kwe-atrium yasekhohlo kunye ne-ventricle yasekhohlo.
• Ivalvu ye-Aortic: Isango elisekuqaleni komthambo oyintloko (i-Aorta) elithwala igazi ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo ukuya emzimbeni wonke.

Ivazi yegazi

Siyibiza le nkqubo yeetyhubhu ezithwala igazi elimpontshwa yintliziyo emzimbeni wonke lize libuyele entliziyweni ngokuthi ``Imithambo Yegazi.`` Ezi ziintlobo ezintathu.

• Imithambo yegazi: Le yimibhobho etyebileyo ethwala igazi elineoksijini ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni wonke.
• Imithambo: Le yimibhobho ethwala igazi elingenaoksijini esetyenziswa kwiindawo zomzimba ukuya entliziyweni.
• IiCapillaries: Imithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu, ebhityileyo njengeenwele edibanisa imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi. Kungaphakathi kwezi capillaries apho iiseli zifumana khona ioksijini kwaye zisuse i-carbon dioxide.

'Umsinga' wentliziyo - oku kubetha kulawulwa njani?

Intliziyo ayisiyonto nje yenyama. Inenkqubo yombane ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Electrical Conduction System" eyigcina ibetha ngesingqi esiqhelekileyo. Ifana nenkqubo yocingo endlwini.

Kukho iinxalenye eziphambili ezininzi kule nkqubo:

• I-Sinoatrial (SA) node: Le yi-pacemaker yendalo yentliziyo. Isignali yombane exelela intliziyo ukuba ibetha ngokukhawuleza kangakanani iqala apha.
• I-Atrioventricular node (AV): Oku kuthatha isignali kwi-SA node, kuyibambezele kancinci, ize iyithumele kumagumbi amabini asezantsi (atria) entliziyo.
• Ezinye iindawo (iBundle of His, iifayibha zePurkinje): Ezi zithwala isignali evela kwi-AV node kuzo zonke iigumbi ezisezantsi zentliziyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zifinyele ngequbuliso.

Ngale ndlela, emva kokuba amagumbi amabini aphezulu efinyeze igazi aze ampompe igazi, kwisithuba seshumi sesekhondi, amagumbi amabini asezantsi ayafinyeze igazi aze ampompe umzimba nemiphunga. Ukuba kukho impazamo encinci kule nkqubo yombane, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-arrhythmia) kwenzeka.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela intliziyo?

Ekubeni intliziyo iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siqaphele izifo ezinokuyichaphazela.

Nazi ezinye zeengxaki zentliziyo eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukungalingani kwentliziyo (i-Arrhythmia): Intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kancinci kakhulu, okanye ngesingqisho esingahambelaniyo.
• I-Cardiomyopathy: Ukuqina okungaqhelekanga, ukwanda, okanye ukuqina kwemisipha yentliziyo.
• Uhlaselo lwentliziyo / Isifo sentliziyo: Ukuvaleka ngequbuliso komthambo wentliziyo ohambisa igazi entliziyweni, nto leyo ebangela ukunqongophala kwegazi kunye neoksijini kwinxalenye yentliziyo.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi: Imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni iyancitshiswa yimfumba yezinto ezifana ne-cholesterol (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'plaque').
• Isifo seevalvu zentliziyo: Amasango entliziyo, okanye iivalvu, esithethe ngazo ngaphambili, azisebenzi kakuhle.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo olufakwa eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi luphezulu kunoluqhelekileyo.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Ukuba namafutha amaninzi egazini.

Iimpawu kunye novavanyo olubonisa ingxaki yentliziyo

Ukuba kukho ingxaki entliziyweni, umzimba wakho uza kukunika izikhokelo. Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele

• Intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki esifubeni: Ukuziva uxinene okanye uxinene esifubeni.
• Ukuphefumla kancinci: Ukudinwa nokuba sele uhambe umgama omfutshane.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza: Imvakalelo yentliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza .
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka.
• Ukudumba kwamalungu asezantsi omzimba, ingakumbi imilenze.
• Ndidinwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

Iindlela zokujonga impilo yentliziyo

Xa ubona ugqirha, unokucebisa olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho.

• Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram - i-EKG): Ukurekhoda umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram: I-echocardiogram luvavanyo olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza umfanekiso wentliziyo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga izinto ezifana namanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye namanqanaba eswekile.
• Ukuzilolonga i-ECG `(Uvavanyo loxinzelelo)`: Ukujonga indlela intliziyo esebenza ngayo ngexesha lokuzilolonga.
• I-Angiogram: Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray lokujonga ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yentliziyo.

Uyigcina njani intliziyo yakho iphilile kwaye inamandla?

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ngokwenza utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela esiphila ngayo, singenza umgama omde ekukhuseleni impilo yentliziyo yethu.

• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nentliziyo. Yitya imifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo (ezifana nerayisi emdaka kunye ne-oatmeal). Nciphisa ioyile, ityuwa, iswekile, kunye nokutya okukhawulezayo kangangoko unako.
• Hlala usempilweni. Fumana ubuncinci imizuzu eli-150 yokuzilolonga ngokulinganiselayo ngeveki (imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki). Ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukubaleka, kunye nokudada ziindlela ezilungileyo zokuzilolonga.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni. Ukugcina ubunzima obufanele ubude bakho luncedo olukhulu kwintliziyo yakho.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaya yenye yezona ntshaba zinkulu zentliziyo. Ukuba uyatshaya, thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akuncede uyeke ukutshaya.
• Lawula uxinzelelo. Uxinzelelo lutshaba oluthuleyo. Khulula ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana nokucamngca, i-yoga, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwizinto ezilungileyo zokuzonwabisa.
• Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-cholesterol, kunye namanqanaba eswekile rhoqo, ingakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-40.