Amandla afihlakeleyo omkhosi wokuzikhusela womzimba wethu: Konke malunga neeHelper T cells

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba kukho imfazwe enkulu eqhubekayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu? Ewe, kukho imfazwe enkulu eqhubekayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu umzuzwana ngamnye. Umkhosi wethu wokhuselo uhlala ulwa neentshaba ezifana neentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye neentsholongwane ezivela ngaphandle. Lo mkhosi wokhuselo siwubiza ngokuba yiNkqubo yoKhuseleko loMzimba . Ngoko ke, kukho iqela elikhethekileyo lamagosa ezobuntlola kulo mkhosi. Ngabo abaqala ngokuchonga utshaba baze banike imiyalelo kwamanye amajoni malunga nohlobo lohlaselo abamele balwenze. La magosa ezobuntlola yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi "Helper T cells." Namhlanje sithetha ngala maqhawe amancinci, kodwa abaluleke kakhulu.

Ngamafutshane, ziintoni ezi helper T cells?

Ii-Helper T cells luhlobo oluphambili lweeseli kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ngokuchanekileyo, luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukubona usulelo emzimbeni kunye nokwenza ezinye iiseli zokuzikhusela komzimba zilwe nalo. Zifana nabalawuli abaphethe lonke utyando.

Ezi T cells ziveliswa kwaye ziqeqeshwe kwi-gland encinci ekwinxalenye ephezulu yesifuba sethu, emva kwethambo lesifuba. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-thymus . Le thymus ifana nesikolo soqeqesho apho amajoni aqeqeshwa khona. Esi sikolo soqeqesho sivelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee T cells, nganye inezakhono zayo ezikhethekileyo.

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezo qela:

Iyintoni indima yabo kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwizifo?

Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba inamacandelo amabini. Enye yinkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba, esizalwa nayo. Enye yinkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba, esiyiphuhlisayo njengoko sigula size sigonywe. Le nkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ikrelekrele kakhulu. Ingakhumbula utshaba oluye lwafika ngaphambili ize ilutshabalalise ngokukhawuleza ukuba olo tshaba luphinde lubuye.

Ngoko ke, ubuchopho bale nkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela enobuchule bokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezithile ziingcali zethu eziphambili, ii-helper T cells. Ngaphandle kwazo, lo msebenzi ubungenakwenzeka. Ngokuyintloko zivuselela ii-battalion ezimbini:

1. Iiseli ze-B: Ezi ziifektri zezixhobo zomzimba wethu. Xa zifumana imiyalelo evela kwiiseli ze-T ezincedisayo, iiseli ze-B zenza uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweproteni. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies . Ezi antibodies zifana neemijukujelwa eziya ngqo kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. Zenza i-antibody ekhethekileyo efanelekileyo kwintsholongwane nganye. Ezo antibodies ziyahamba zize zinamathele kwiintsholongwane, zizenze zingasebenzi.

2. Iiseli ze-T ezinetyhefu: Ezi zii-special forces . Xa zifumana imiyalelo kwiiseli ze-T ezincedisayo, ziya ngqo kwindawo yemfazwe. Ziyahamba zize zifumane iiseli emizimbeni yethu eziye zosulelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane, zize zitshabalalise ezo seli. Emva koko intsholongwane ayisayi kusasazeka.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeseli ze-T ezincedisayo?

Ewe, ikho. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshaba, ezi seli ze-T ezincedisayo zifumana uqeqesho olukhethekileyo ngakumbi kwaye zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini. La yi-TH1 kunye ne-TH2.

• Iiseli ezincedisayo ze-TH1: Ezi seli zilwa ngokukodwa nabahlaseli abafana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezifihlakele ngaphakathi kwiiseli zethu. Zithumela umyalezo kwaye zivuselele olunye uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuba yi-macrophage . Ii-Macrophages zizinto eziqokelela inkunkuma emzimbeni.Njengokuba. Ziyahamba zize zigubungele iintsholongwane kunye neziqwenga zeeseli ezifileyo, zicoca indawo yedabi. Kwaye zikwavuselela iiseli ze-TH1, ezo mandla zikhethekileyo sithethe ngazo ngaphambili, iiseli ze-T ezinobungozi.

• Iiseli ezincedisayo ze-TH2: Ezi seli zigxila kwiintshaba ezinkulu ezifana neeparasites ezingaphandle kweeseli kunye nezinto ezibangela i-allergies. Zizo ezivuselela iiseli ze-B kwaye zenze ii-antibodies ezinxulumene ne-allergies. Xa ufumana uthuli, uthimla, xa utya ukutya, ufumana urhudo, uyakhohlela... Ezi seli ze-TH2 zisemva kwezinto ezinje. Zizama ukususa izinto ezinobungozi ezingene emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza.

Zisebenza njani ezi seli? Hayi indlela emangalisayo esebenza ngayo!

Oku kuvakala ngathi libali elinomdla kakhulu. Iseli ye-T encedisayo ayisebenzi nje kuphela. Kufuneka ifumane isignali ekhethekileyo.

Khawucinge nje ukuba intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wethu. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ineeseli ezijikeleza umzimba. Le seli ibamba intsholongwane ize ibonise iqhekeza elincinci layo phezu kwayo. Kufana namapolisa ebamba isela aze abonise umfanekiso walo. Imolekyuli ebonisa oku ibizwa ngokuba yimolekyuli yeklasi yesiBini ye-MHC .

Ngoku i-helper T cell yethu ingena ize ijonge oku. Kukho i-receptor ekhethekileyo kumphezulu we-helper T cell, ebizwa ngokuba yi-CD4 receptor . Le receptor ye-CD4 ifana nesitshixo, kufuneka ilingane ngqo ne-lock ebizwa ngokuba yi-MHC class II molecule.

Nje ukuba isitshixo singene kwisitshixo, i-helper T cell "iyasebenza." Oko kuthetha ukuba iyaqonda ukuba, "Kulungile, ngoku kukho utshaba emzimbeni, kufuneka ndiqale ishishini."

Emva koko, le seli ye-T encedisayo esebenzayo ikhupha izithunywa zeekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cytokines . Ezi cytokines ziyahamba zize zixelele ezinye iiseli zomzimba (ezifana nee-B cells, ii-cytotoxic T cells, ii-macrophages) ukuba zize zilwe, "Yiza ngokukhawuleza, kukho umlo apha!" Lonke inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ilawulwa yile miyalezo ye-cytokine.

Ziphi ezi seli ze-T ezincedisayo emzimbeni wethu?

Iiseli ze-T zizalelwa kumongo wethambo ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu. Kodwa apho zifana neentsana. Ziqeqeshwa kwaye zenziwe amajoni alungileyo kwisikolo soqeqesho esibizwa ngokuba yi- thymus gland esithethe ngayo ngaphambili. Kukwesi sikolo soqeqesho apho zifundiswa khona ukwahlula phakathi "kwesi sisisele sethu, esi lutshaba oluvela ngaphandle." Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle koko, zinokuhlasela iiseli zethu.

Nje ukuba baqeqeshwe, la majoni anobuchule athunyelwa kuwo wonke umzimba, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho iintshaba zinokungena khona. Ngoko ke, iindawo eziqhelekileyo apho kufunyanwa khona ii-T cells ezincedisayo zezi:

• Ama-lymph nodes - afana neziseko zomkhosi.
• Ispleen
• Iitoni - Okokuqala ukujongana neentsholongwane ezingena emqaleni.
• Imiphunga - kwiintsholongwane ezingena ngokuphefumla.
• Amathumbu - kwiintsholongwane ezingena kunye nokutya.
• Ummongo wethambo

Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela ii-helper T cells?

Ukuba umsebenzi wee-helper T cells, ezenza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, uyaphazamiseka, yonke inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokuwa. Oku kwenzeka kwezinye izifo.

• I-HIV (i-Human Immunodeficiency Virus): Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-HIV. Le ntsholongwane ihlasela ngokuthe ngqo ii-T cells zethu ezincedisayo. Oko kukuthi, itshabalalisa abaphathi bomkhosi wethu. Xa abaphathi bengasekho, akukho mntu unokukhokela umkhosi. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iba buthathaka ngokupheleleyo, kwaye neentsholongwane ezingasibeki bungozi kangako ziqala ukubangela izifo ezinzulu. I-AIDS linqanaba lokugqibela.
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo: Ngamanye amaxesha, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayisebenzi kakuhle ize iqale ukuhlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo, icinga ukuba ziintshaba. Kwezi zifo, kukwakho neengxaki ezithile ngokusebenza kweeseli ze-T.
• IiCancer: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ezifana ne -acute lymphocytic leukemia kunye ne-adult Hodgkin lymphoma, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ezi seli zomzimba.
• Izifo ezingaqhelekanga zemfuza: Umsebenzi weeseli ze-T nawo uyaphazamiseka kwiimeko ezifana ne -Job syndrome kunye ne-Thymic aplasia (ukungaphumeleli kokuzalwa kwe-thymus gland).

Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngayo nayiphi na kwezi meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukugcina inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isempilweni?

Luxanduva lwethu ukugcina imikhosi yethu yokhuseleko iqinile. Akufuneki tshintsho lukhulu. Kufuna nje utshintsho olulula kwindlela esiphila ngayo.

• Ukutya Okulungileyo: Sifanele sinike amajoni ethu izondlo ezifunekayo. Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okuquka iziqhamo ezintsha, imifuno, imifuno eluhlaza, iiproteni ezingenamafutha (ezifana neentlanzi, amaqanda, neembotyi), kunye namafutha alungileyo . Nciphisa iziselo ezineswekile, ukutya okwenziweyo, kunye nokutya okunamafutha kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Lala ngokwaneleyo: Ukulala lixesha apho imizimba yethu izilungisa khona kwaye iiseli zethu zomzimba zivuselela amandla azo. Kubalulekile ukulala kakuhle, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngobusuku .
• Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga imihla ngemihla de kube sekupheleni kokubila kunceda ekushukumiseni iiseli zomzimba zomzimba wonke. Zama ukuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Nciphisa uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo luyenza buthathaka inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Khulula ingqondo yakho ngokwenza izinto ezinje ngokucamngca, i-yoga, ukumamela umculo, okanye ukwenza into oyithandayo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya notywala:Zombini ezi zinto ziintshaba zenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka. Nciphisa utywala bakho kangangoko unako.
• Ucoceko: Ukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha kunokunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni emzimbeni zisuka ngaphandle.