Sonke besiva kwasebuntwaneni ukuba i-iron iluncedo kangakanani emzimbeni, nokuba ukuba i-iron ayikho, siya kuba nezifo. Sisoloko sithetha "ngokungabikho kwe-iron", oko kukuthi, i-anemia. Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba ukuba ne-iron eninzi emzimbeni kunokuba yingxaki enkulu? Ewe, yinyani. Le meko yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"hemochromatosis" okanye "ukugqithisa nje kwe-iron" kumayeza. Namhlanje sithetha ngale meko abantu abaninzi abangayaziyo, kodwa wonke umntu kufuneka ayiqonde.
Yintoni kanye kanye iHemochromatosis?
Ngamafutshane, oku kuxa umzimba wakho ufunxa i-iron engaphezulu ekutyeni okutyayo kunokuba kuyimfuneko. Ngokwesiqhelo, imizimba yethu iyakwazi kakhulu ukuthatha kuphela ubungakanani be-iron efunekayo kwaye ingamkeli ezinye. Kodwa kumntu one-hemochromatosis, kukho into engalunganga ngale nkqubo yokulawula.
Ngoko ke, ekubeni kungekho ndlela yokususa le iron eyongezelelweyo emzimbeni, umzimba uqala ukuyigcina kwizitho ezahlukeneyo. Njengokuba sigcina izinto ezingafunekiyo kwikona yendlu yethu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le iron iqokelelana kwizitho eziphambili ezifana nentliziyo, isibindi, kunye nepancreas, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwezo zitho. Ukuba ayinyangwa, oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba le yimeko enokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ilawuleka .
Zithini iimpawu zale meko? Ifunyaniswa njani?
Eyona ngxaki inkulu ngale nto kukuba kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Nangona le meko idla ngokuzalwa, kuthatha iminyaka ukuba umzimba uqokelele amanqanaba ayingozi esinyithi. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi baqala ukufumana iimpawu emva kweminyaka engama-40 okanye engama-50 ubudala. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu azinakwa, becinga ukuba ziimeko eziqhelekileyo ezenzeka xa umntu ekhula.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili zale meko kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukudinwa okungapheliyo | Ukuhlala udiniwe kwaye udiniwe ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Intlungu yamalungu | Intlungu, ingakumbi kwiingqukuva zeminwe yokwalatha neyephakathi. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi "iron fist". |
| Ukutshintsha kombala wolusu | Ulusu luba ngwevu okanye lubomvu. Lusenokubonakala ngathi lutshiswe lilanga. |
| Intlungu yesisu esingaphezulu | Ukuziva intlungu kwindawo apho isibindi sikhona, oko kukuthi, kwinxalenye ephezulu ngasekunene yesisu. |
| Ukungahambi kakuhle kwentliziyo | Utshintsho kwisantya sentliziyo kunye neentlungu zesifuba (i-arrhythmias) zinokuvakala. |
| Ukuncipha komnqweno wesondo | Amadoda nabafazi banokuziva bephantsi kwe-libido okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukutya okanye ukwenza umthambo. |
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezizathu ze-hemochromatosis.
1. Izizathu zofuzo (iHemochromatosis ebangelwa lufuzo)
Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Ngamafutshane, yimeko yemfuza oyizuza kubazali bakho . Kukho i-gene elawula i-iron emizimbeni yethu. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(HFE gene)`. Ukuba kukho utshintsho (utshintsho) kule gene, umzimba awukwazi ukulawula i-iron.
Khawucinge nje, ukuze le meko ivele, kufuneka ufumane iikopi ezimbini zesi sigulo sejini esingalunganga kumama wakho nakutata wakho. Ukuba ufumana ikopi enye kuphela kubo bobabini, ungumthwali kuphela kwaye ngesiqhelo awufumani esi sifo. Ngoko ke nokuba abazali bakho banaso esi sigulo sejini, basenokungabi naso. Ezona nguqu zejini zixhaphakileyo zezi `(C282Y)` kunye `(H63D)`.
Ukongeza, kukho uhlobo olungaqhelekanga olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Juvenile Hemochromatosis" oluvela ebuntwaneni, oko kukuthi, phakathi kweminyaka eli-15-30. Lubangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo `(HJV)` okanye `(HAMP)`. Kule meko, ukuqokelelwa kwesinyithi kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
2. Okubangelwa zezinye izifo okanye unyango (i-Secondary Hemochromatosis)
Oku kwenzeka xa amanqanaba esinyithi emzimbeni enyuka ngenxa yesinye isifo okanye unyango lwezonyango.
- Utofelo-gazi Oluqhelekileyo: Izigulane ezine-anemia efana ne-thalassemia zifuna utofelo-gazi oluqhubekayo. Le meko inokwenzeka njengoko i-iron egazini iqokelelana emzimbeni.
- Isifo Sesibindi Esingapheliyo: Ukuba isibindi sonakele kakhulu, asikwazi ukuyicola kakuhle i-iron.
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Utywala abulonakalisi nje kuphela isibindi, kodwa bukwanyusa ukufunxwa kwesinyithi emzimbeni.
Zithini iingxaki zokugcwala kwesinyithi?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-iron iyingozi emzimbeni ukuba idlula ubungakanani obufunekayo. Ekubeni kungekho ndlela yokususa le iron ingaphezulu, umzimba uyayigcina kwizicubu. Umonakalo onokubangelwa koku awungomncinane.
Nangona i-iron ibalulekile emizimbeni yethu, ukuba ininzi kakhulu, isebenza njengetyhefu. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.
Isibindi, intliziyo kunye nepancreas zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Ukuba azinyangwa, ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi: I-Cirrhosis ibangelwa kukuqokelelana kwesinyithi esibindini, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba isibindi singasebenzi ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukusilela kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukunganyamezelani: Ukufakwa kwentsimbi kwizihlunu zentliziyo kunokubangela ukuba intliziyo ibe buthathaka ize ingakwazi ukupompa igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni.
- Isifo seswekile: Iintsimbi ezifakwe kwi-pancreas zonakalisa iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin, nto leyo enokubangela isifo seswekile (Uhlobo 3c).
Ukongeza, inokuchaphazela nokusebenza kwe-thyroid gland, i-pituitary gland, i-adrenals, kunye nenkqubo yokuzala.
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?
Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezingentla okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo le meko, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho. Ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze imibuzo embalwa.
- Ngaba abazali bakho okanye nabani na kusapho lwakho unesifo sesibindi okanye isinyithi esigqithisileyo?
- Ngaba uthatha izongezo zesinyithi okanye ivithamin C (eyandisa ukufunxwa kwesinyithi)?
- Usela utywala obungakanani?
Emva koko, kwenziwa uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwenziwa ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo.
| Uvavanyo | Ubona ntoni kule nto? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Izinto ezifana nobungakanani bentsimbi egazini, ubungakanani bentsimbi egciniweyo (iSerum Ferritin), kunye neTransferrin Saturation ziyalinganiswa. |
| Uvavanyo lwemfuza | Ukuqinisekisa ukuba le yimeko yemfuza, i-HFE gene iyavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho utshintsho oluvela kwizakhi zofuzo. |
| i-biopsy yesibindi | Kwezinye iimeko, iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili lithathwa esibindini kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci lize lihlolwe ngemakroskopu ukuze kuvavanywe ubungakanani bentsimbi efakwe esibindini kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo esibindini. |
| Iskeni ye-MRI | I-MRI scan ingasetyenziswa njengendlela engenabuhlungu yokulinganisa ubungakanani besinyithi esifakwe kwizitho zomzimba ezifana nesibindi. |
Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezilungileyo?
Injongo ephambili yokunyanga i-hemochromatosis kukunciphisa ubungakanani bentsimbi egqithisileyo emzimbeni kwaye uyigcine ikwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo. Oku kunokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kumalungu omzimba.
| Indlela Yonyango | Kwenzeka ntoni ngale nto? |
|---|---|
| I-Phlebotomy yoNyango | Olu lolona nyango lubalulekileyo nolusebenzayo. Njengokunikela ngegazi, inaliti isusa igazi elincinci emzimbeni wakho. Ekubeni uninzi lwesinyithi emizimbeni yethu lukwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, xa igazi lisuswa, nesinyithi siyasuswa. Oku kunokufuneka kwenziwe malunga kanye ngeveki ekuqaleni. Nje ukuba amanqanaba akho esinyithi alawuleke, oku kunokufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. |
| Unyango lwe-Iron Chelation | Olu nyango lunikwa abantu abangenakususwa igazi ngesizathu esithile (umz., isifo sentliziyo, i-anemia). Lubandakanya ukunika iyeza (ipilisi okanye inaliti) elibopha kwisinyithi emzimbeni lize libangele ukuba liphume kumchamo okanye kwindle. |
| Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya | Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba unciphise ukutya okune-iron eninzi (njengenyama ebomvu, iimbotyi) kunye nokutya okune-vitamin C eninzi, okwandisa ukufunxwa kwe-iron. Angacebisa nokuba uyeke ukuthatha iipilisi ze-vitamin ezine-iron ngokupheleleyo kwaye uphephe ukusela utywala. |
Ubomi bunjani kule meko?
Oku kusenokuvakala kusoyikisa kuwe. Kodwa inyani yile, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, i-hemochromatosis yimeko elawulekayo . Ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusempilweni. Kwezinye iimeko, omnye umonakalo wamalungu omzimba unokuguqulwa xa unyango luqalile.
Ingxaki kukuba ukuba awunyangwa ixesha elide, umonakalo owenziwe kumalungu akho omzimba usenokungalungiseki. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneengxaki.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hemochromatosis ayikokunqongophala kwesinyithi emzimbeni, kodwa kukugqithisela kwayo .
- Oku kudla ngokubangelwa zizinto ezibangela ufuzo, kodwa kunokubangelwa nazezinye iimeko zonyango.
- Ekubeni iimpawu zibonakala emva kwexesha elide, musa ukuzityeshela izinto ezifana nokudinwa rhoqo kunye nentlungu yamalungu.
- Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizitho ezibalulekileyo ezifana nesibindi, intliziyo kunye nepancreas.
- Oku akuyonto yokoyika. Ukuba kufunyenwe kwangethuba, kunokulawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngonyango olulula kwaye ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga noku, nceda uthethe nogqirha wakho wosapho.
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