Khawucinge ukuba usika imifuno ekhitshini uze ngempazamo unqumle isandla sakho. Okanye masithi umntwana omncinci uyawa ngelixa edlala aze atyumke idolo. Ekuqaleni, kukho igazi elincinci, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile, nokuba asenze nto, ukopha kuyayeka, akunjalo? Oku akuyonto imbi nje. Le yindlela emangalisayo yokuzikhusela emzimbeni wethu. Kwizonyango, sibiza oku ngokuba yi-hemostasis . Ngamafutshane, le yinkqubo yendalo ethintela ukopha kwinxeba kwaye ilungiselela umzimba ukuba uphilise elo nxeba.
Ngoko ke le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-hemostasis yenzeka njani?
Oku kuvakala ngathi libali elinomdla kakhulu. Igama elithi hemostasis lenziwe ngamacandelo amabini. Igama elithi "Hemo" lithetha "igazi" kwaye elithi "stasis" lithetha "ukuyeka" okanye "ukubamba ungashukumi." Ngamazwi alula, lithetha "ukuyeka ukuhamba kwegazi." Le nkqubo iqala kwimizuzwana embalwa emva kokwenzakala. Kuqhelekile ukuba ukopha kwenzeke ngenxa yokwenzakala imizuzu emibini ukuya kwesixhenxe.
Le ayiyonkqubo yenyathelo elinye. Yenzeka kuthotho lwamanyathelo, njengeqela leengcali ezinobuchule ezisebenza kunye ukugqiba iprojekthi. Makhe sijonge amanyathelo amane aphambili.
| Amanyathelo | Kwenzeka ntoni (ngamagama alula) |
|---|---|
| Inyathelo 1: Ukuxinana kwemithambo yegazi | Imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) kwindawo yokwenzakala iyaqina, njengokucinezela umbhobho wamanzi. Oku kunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi. |
| Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukwenza iplagi yexeshana | Iiplatelets, uhlobo lweseli encinci edada egazini lethu, zikhawuleza ziye kwindawo eyenzekileyo zize zinamathele kuyo. Ziyahlangana zize zivale inxeba okwethutyana. Kufana nokubeka isiciko kwibhotile. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-primary hemostasis . |
| Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukuqala ikhonkco lokujiya | Ngoku umsebenzi wokwenyani uqala. Yintoni esegaziniIiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba zizinto ezibangela ukuxinana ziyavuselelwa enye emva kwenye, ziqinisa ngakumbi eso sitywino sexeshana. Oku kufana nokusabela kwetyathanga. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-secondary hemostasis . |
| Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukwakheka kwehlwili legazi elihlala lihleli | Ekugqibeleni, iiplatelets kunye neproteni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-fibrin ziyadibana ukuze zenze ihlwili legazi eliqinileyo nelihlala lihleli, njengezitena nodaka olwakha udonga. Oku kuyalivala ngokupheleleyo inxeba. Kamva, njengoko inxeba liphola, eli hlwili legazi liyanyibilika kwaye ulusu olutsha lwenzeka. |
Ngamafutshane, i-hemostasis yi-"plaster" yendalo yomzimba wethu. Ngaphandle kwayo, nokuba ngumkrwelo omncinci unokusibangela ukuba sophe kakhulu kwaye ude usongela ubomi.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le nkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle?
Nangona le nkqubo idla ngokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha inokungahambi kakuhle. Emva koko kunokuvela iingxaki ezimbini:
1. Ukungakwazi ukugabha igazi: Oku kwenzeka xa igazi lingagabhi kakuhle xa kufuneka. Kwanesilonda esincinci sinokubangela ukopha ixesha elide, okubangela imivumbo nezilonda.
2. Ukuxinana kwegazi: Oku kwenzeka xa igazi liqhekeka emzimbeni xa lingafuneki. Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu.
Ukuba ukujiya kwegazi kuyanda kakhulu (i-Hypercoagulability)
Oku kuyingozi kuba amahlwili egazi angafunekiyo ayenzeka emzimbeni (esiwabiza ngokuba yi-thrombosis ) anokuhamba ngemithambo yegazi aze ahlale kwizitho ezibalulekileyo ezifana nengqondo, intliziyo, kunye nemiphunga. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo.
- Istroke: Ukuba ihlwili legazi livala umthambo wegazi othwala igazi liye engqondweni.
- Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Ukuba ihlwili legazi livala umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi entliziyweni.
- I-Pulmonary Embolism: Oku kunokwenzeka xa igazi liqhekeka ( i-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT ), elidla ngokwenzeka kumthambo onzulu emlenzeni, liqhekeka lize lihlale emthanjeni osemaphashini.
Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, iimeko zemfuza (umz. iFactor V Leiden , ukungabikho kweProtein C ), kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango (umz. i-Antiphospholipid syndrome , usulelo oluqatha - i-sepsis ) zinokunyusa ukujiya kwegazi ngale ndlela.
Ukuba ukujiya kwegazi kuncipha kakhulu (i-Hypocoagulability)
Oku kuchasene noko. Ngenxa yokuba igazi lakho alivali kakuhle, naluphi na umonzakalo lunokuba yingozi. Nokuba linxeba elincinci linokubangela ukopha kakhulu. Kunokubakho ukopha okungabonakaliyo emzimbeni.
Imizekelo ephambili yoku yile:
- I-Hemophilia: Esi sisifo semfuza apho umzimba ungavelisi enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezinto ezifunekayo ukuze igazi lijiye.
- Isifo sikaVon Willebrand: Esi sisifo esiqhelekileyo semfuza esifana ne-hemophilia.
- I-Thrombocytopenia: Ukuncipha kwenani leeplatelets, eziziiseli eziphambili zokujiya kwegazi. Le meko inokubonwa kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (umz., i-leukemia ).
Ufumanisa njani ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ezinje?
Ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kwi-hematologist. Uza kubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuyalele ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi olufunekayo.
Ezinye zezo mvavanyo zezi:
- Inani elipheleleyo legazi (i-CBC)
- Inani leePlateleti
- Ixesha lokuphuma kwegazi
- Ixesha leProthrombin (PT)
- Ixesha le-Thromboplastin eliSebenzisiweyo (aPTT)
- Inqanaba leFibrinogen
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba uneempawu, akufuneki uzityeshele. Ezi zisenokuba ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
| Udidi lweempawu | Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zokwanda kokujiya kwegazi (i-Hypercoagulability) - Ezi ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo, yiya kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko! | |
| Ubuchopho (ukukhubazeka) | Ukuba ndindisholo kwelinye icala lomzimba, ubunzima bokuthetha, ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso, intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu. |
| Intliziyo (isifo sentliziyo) | Intlungu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ubuthathaka, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukuquleka. |
| Kwimiphunga (i-Pulmonary Embolism) | Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo ngequbuliso, iintlungu esifubeni, ukukhohlela igazi, imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye iiminwe, ukuquleka. |
| Emlenzeni (DVT) | Intlungu, ukudumba, kunye nokubomvu kwindawo yesinqe okanye kwenye indawo emlenzeni. |
| Iimpawu zokungakwazi ukugabha igazi - thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unazo ezi. | |
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo | • Ukopha rhoqo empumlweni kunye nobunzima bokuyimisa. • Iintsini eziphuma igazi xa uhlamba amazinyo. • Nokuba inxeba elincinci liphuma igazi ixesha elide. • Ukugruzuka (amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/amfusa) emzimbeni ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hemostasis yinkqubo yendalo, ebalulekileyo apho umzimba wethu uyeka ukopha ngenxa yokwenzakala.
- Le yinkqubo enzima equka amanyathelo aliqela.
- Ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo inokungahambi kakuhle. Zombini ezi meko, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-hypercoagulability okanye i-hypocoagulability, zinokuba yingozi.
- Iimpawu ezinje ngeentlungu zesifuba ngequbuliso, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo kwelinye icala lomzimba zinokuba luphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba unamanxeba ngaphandle kwesizathu, okanye ukuba wopha kakhulu ngenxa yamanxeba amancinci, musa ukuyityeshela loo nto kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo thetha nogqirha wakho.
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