Yintoni le "Herd Immunity" ethethwa ngumntu wonke? Masiyiqonde ngokulula, akunjalo?

Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi "Herd Immunity." Kuye kwathethwa kakhulu ngalo, ingakumbi ngexesha lobhubhane we-COVID-19. Ngoko ke, lithetha ukuthini ngokwenene? ​​Masithethe ngalo kancinci namhlanje, njengokuthetha nomhlobo.

Yintoni le 'Herd Immunity'?

Ngamafutshane, ukuzikhusela komhlambi kuxa inani elikhulu labantu kwindawo ethile okanye kwiqela elithile likhuselekile (oko kukuthi, likhuselekile) kwintsholongwane ethile okanye kwenye into ebangela usulelo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba eso sifo sisasazeke. Khawucinge nje, xa inani elikhulu labantu likhuselekile, amathuba okuba loo pathogen itsibe isuka komnye umntu iye komnye ayancipha.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha ukhuseleko lomzimba:

• Ngokugula nokuchacha ngokwendalo.
• Ngokugonywa.
• Ngokufumana ii-antibodies ezivela ngaphandle, njengokusuka kumama ukuya kusana (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-passive immunity, siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kancinci).

Oogqirha bathi ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo yokuthintela .

Wonke umntu ongakwaziyo ukuzikhusela unceda ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kwabanye. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ugonyiwe. Ngale ndlela, amathuba okudlulisela intsholongwane komnye umntu ayancitshiswa. Ikwanciphisa amathuba okutshintsha kwentsholongwane emzimbeni wakho kwaye kwenze uhlobo olutsha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba intsholongwane isasazeka ngokukhawuleza, inani labantu abangakwaziyo ukuzikhusela kufuneka libe phezulu kakhulu ukuze iyeke.

Ngamanye amaxesha olu khuselo lomhlambi lubizwa ngokuba yi-"community immunity" okanye "population immunity." Zonke zithetha into enye.

I-immune system iphuhliswa njani?

Ama-antibodies zizinto ezikhethekileyo ezenziwa yimizimba yethu ukulwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezingena emizimbeni yethu. I-antibody nganye ikhusela kwisifo esinye kuphela. Singayifumana le ntsholongwane ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili.

Ukuzikhusela Okusebenzayo

Oku kuquka ukwenza ii-antibodies ezivela emizimbeni yethu. Oku kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Ukuzikhusela kwendalo: Oku kuthetha ukuba xa sigula size siphile kuso, imizimba yethu yenza ii-antibodies ezilwa neso sifo.

2. Ukuzikhusela ekugonyweni: Iigonyo zisetyenziselwa ukungenisa intsholongwane ebuthathaka okanye ebuleweyo (okanye inxalenye yayo) emizimbeni yethu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imizimba yethu ivelise ii-antibodies ezichasene neso sifo.

Olu khuselo olusebenzayo lunika umzimba wethu "inkumbulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela." Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba siphinda sifumane isifo esifanayo kwixesha elizayo, umzimba wethu unokusiqonda ngokukhawuleza uze wenze ii-antibodies.

Ukungakhuseleki komzimba

Kulapho sifumana khona ii-antibodies ezivela ngaphandle kwemizimba yethu. Umzekelo:

• Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zifumana ii-antibodies ezivela koomama bazo ngobisi lwebele.
• Ama-antibodies anokufunyanwa ngezinye iimveliso zegazi.

Kule nkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba, umzimba wethu awukhulisi olo hlobo "lwenkumbulo." Ngoko ke, ukhuseleko olulunikayo luhlala kuphela de sifumane ii-antibodies ezivela ngaphandle. Lulolwexeshana.

Ukuzikhusela komzimba emhlambini kunxulumene njani ne-COVID-19?

Uyazi ukuba intsholongwane ethi `(COVID-19)`, uhlobo lwayo lokuqala, kunye nezinye iintlobo ezifana ne`(Delta variant)` kunye ne`(Omicron variant)` zasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Kwimihla yokuqala yobhubhane, abaphandi babecinga ukuba ukuba ama-60% ukuya kuma-70% abemi behlabathi bagonyiwe, baphile kwesi sifo, okanye banamandla okuzikhusela, baya kukwazi ukwakha amandla okuzikhusela kwi`(COVID-19)`.

Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi baqaphele ukuba eli nani lisenokunganeli, xa ucinga indlela ezisulelayo ngayo iintlobo ze-`(Delta)` kunye ne-`(Omicron)`. Ngoku abanye bathi elo nani linokuba phezulu ukuya kwi-85%.

Ngaba asinakukwazi ukuzikhusela kwi-COVID-19 ngaphandle kogonyo?

Enyanisweni, kunzima kakhulu kwaye kuyingozi ukwakha ukhuselo lomzimba kwisifo esifana ``(COVID-19)`` ngaphandle kwesitofu sokugonya. Ukuze oko kwenzeke, abantu abaninzi kuya kufuneka bafumane esi sifo. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, abantu abaninzi baya kufa kwaye abantu abaninzi baya kugula kakhulu.

Okwangoku, nangona kukho imijovo, kukho iingxaki ezithile ekufumaneni amandla okuzikhusela komhlambi. Jonga:

• Abanye abantu bayayamkela into yokuba imigonyo ikhuselekile, kodwa abafuni ukuyithatha.
• Abanye abantu abanakugonywa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo.
• Abanye abantu (umzekelo, abo banamandla aphantsi kakhulu okuzikhusela komzimba - `(abakhubazekileyo)`) abazivelisi ii-antibodies ngokufanelekileyo nokuba sele begonyiwe.
• Nokuba sele siphilile kwi-COVID-19 okanye sigonyelwe, asikazi ukuba loo mzimba uhlala ixesha elingakanani na.
• Asinguye wonke umntu ehlabathini ofumana imigonyo efanayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukulindela ukukhuselwa ngumzimba ngaphandle kokugonywa kufana nokwenza intlekele enkulu.

Oko sikufundileyo malunga nokuzikhusela komhlambi kwi-masisi kunye ne-influenza

Iigonyo zisisindise ngokwenene ubomi bethu kwizifo ezibulalayo. Asisayicingi nge-measles njengesifo esibi, kodwa kwiindawo zehlabathi apho kungekho nyango lufanelekileyo, malunga ne-5% yabantwana abafumana i-measles bayafa. Kumazwe afana ne-United States, apho iigonyo zaba yinto eqhelekileyo, iimeko ze-measles zehle ngaphezulu kwe-99%.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhambuka kwe-measles ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka kubantu abangakhange bagonywe. Umzekelo, ngo-2019, bekukho iimeko ze-measles eziyi-1,282 eMelika, inani eliphezulu ukusukela ngo-1992. Abantu abangagonywanga, ingakumbi abo baye bahamba kwamanye amazwe, kunye nabo bahlala kwiindawo ezingagonywanga, ngabona basengozini enkulu.

Nangona imijovo inokwakha ukhuselo lomzimba kwizifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane efanayo, njengemasisi kunye ne-smallpox, izifo ezifana ne-influenza (esizibiza ngokuba "yi-flu") zahlukile kancinci. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane ezinokubangela umkhuhlane. I-flue vaccine enikwa minyaka le yenziwa ngokuchasene neentlobo ezimbalwa zeentsholongwane ezicingelwa ukuba zixhaphake kakhulu kuloo nyaka.

Ukufumana ugonyo lomkhuhlane kunokuthintela ukufa, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantwana. Kunokunciphisa nobunzima besifo kunye nesidingo sokulaliswa esibhedlele. Kukwakhusela nabanye abasingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona zonke ezi zinto zilungileyo, abantu abaninzi abafumani ugonyo lomkhuhlane minyaka le.

Iingozi Zokuphuhlisa Umzimba "Wendalo" Wokuzikhusela Emhlambini

Ukwakha ukhuselo lomhlambi kwizifo ezibulalayo "ngokwemvelo" kuthetha ukuvumela abantu abaninzi ukuba bafe kwaye abaninzi bagule kakhulu. Besisoloko sisebenzisa imijovo iminyaka emininzi ukuzikhusela thina kunye nabo basingqongileyo abangenako ukugonywa, abasebancinci kakhulu ukuba bagonywe, okanye abanamasosha omzimba abuthathaka kwaye abasabeli kakuhle kwigonyo. Oko kukuthi, ukwakha ukhuselo lomhlambi.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba yintoni na i-immune system yomhlambi kwaye ibaluleke kangakanani kukhuseleko lomntu wonke kuluntu lwethu.

• Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo neyona ilungileyo yokufumana amandla okuzikhusela emhlambini.
• Xa ufumana isitofu sokugonya, unceda ekukhuseleni kungekuphela nje wena, kodwa nosapho lwakho, abahlobo, kunye noluntu lonke.
• Ngokukodwa, abo bangenakugonywa (umz., iintsana ezincinci, abantu abanezifo ezithile, kunye nabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka) baya kufumana ukhuseleko olungakumbi.
• Kwizifo ezisasazeka ngokukhawuleza ezifana ne-COVID-19, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulawula esi sifo kukufumana abantu abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba bagonywe kwaye bakhe amajoni omzimba.

Ngoko ke, njengoko oogqirha becebisa, fumana imigonyo yakho kwaye uncedise ekwakheni olu khuselo lomzimba. Kuya kusinceda sonke!

Ukungakhuseleki komhlambi , Ukugonywa, Ukungakhuseleki, i-COVID-19, intsholongwane, izifo ezisulelayo, impilo yokuthintela