Ngaba ugqirha wakho ukunike amayeza okudakumba? Okanye ngaba kukho umntu omaziyo osebenzisa la mayeza? Nangona kukho amabali amaninzi kuluntu malunga nala mayeza, bangaphi abantu abaziyo ngokwenene indlela achaphazela ngayo ingqondo kunye nokuba kwenzeka ntoni ngenxa yoko? Abantu abaninzi bayawoyika la mayeza, kodwa isizathu saloo loyiko kukungaqondi. Ngoko ke, masiqonde oku ngokulula nangokucacileyo namhlanje, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo.
Zithini ezi zinto zokuthomalalisa uxinezeleko?
Nangona la mayeza ebizwa ngokuba 'zii-antidepressants', awasetyenziswa kuphela ekunyangeni ukudakumba, imeko yengqondo ebangela iimvakalelo zokuxhalaba okukhulu kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba. La mayeza aqala ukungeniswa ngeminyaka yoo-1950. Namhlanje, ukongeza kukudakumba, la mayeza avunyiwe nakwiimeko ezifana ne-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), i-Social Phobia, i-Panic Disorder, i-GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), kunye ne-PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder).
Ukongeza, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha banokunika eli yeza kwiimeko ezifana neentlungu ezingapheliyo, ukungalali kakuhle, kunye ne-migraines. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukusetyenziswa 'ngaphandle kweleyibhile'. Oku kuthetha ukuba eli yeza alikavunywa ngokusemthethweni kuloo meko, kodwa ugqirha ukholelwa ukuba isigulane siya kuzuza kulo.
Eli yeza lichaphazela njani ingqondo yethu?
Ngamafutshane, la mayeza asebenza ngokutshintsha amanqanaba eekhemikhali ezithile engqondweni yethu. Ezi khemikhali sizibiza ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters . Ezi zezona zilawula izinto ezininzi, ezifana neemvakalelo zethu, iimvakalelo, ukulala, kunye nomdla wokutya.
Cinga ngale ndlela. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikwingqondo yethu zisebenzisa ezi 'zithunywa' ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters ukuze zinxibelelane. Iseli enye yemithambo-luvo ikhulula esi sithunywa, idlulisele umyalezo kwiseli elandelayo. Emva kokuba umyalezo uthunyelwe, isithunywa sibuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kwiseli yokuqala (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -reuptake ).
Into eyenziwa ngamayeza okudakumba kukulibazisa inkqubo yokuphinda uthathwe kancinci. Emva koko loo messenger (umzekelo, i-serotonin) ihlala kwindawo ephakathi kweeseli ezimbini zemithambo-luvo (i-synapse) ixesha elide. Emva koko inokusebenza ixesha elide kwaye iphucule indlela esivakalelwa ngayo.
Inyani yile, neengcali aziqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba la mayeza asebenza njani, kuba ingqondo yomntu yinto enzima kakhulu. Kodwa uphando lubonise ukuba anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu.
Iindidi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ze-reuptake inhibitors
Amayeza okudakumba asetyenziswa kakhulu okwangoku akweli qela. Ahlulwe abe ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili.
1. Ii-SSRI (Ii-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
La ngamayeza okuqala adla ngokunikwa ngoogqirha. Njengoko igama lisitsho, la mayeza ajolise ngokukodwa kwi-neurotransmitter serotonin . I-Serotonin ibalulekile kwizinto ezifana neemvakalelo zethu, indlela esiziphatha ngayo, kunye nenkumbulo.
Wakuba uqalile ukusebenzisa eli yeza, kungathatha iiveki ezininzi, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-2-3, ukuze ubone iziphumo ezipheleleyo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba nomonde. Kwakhona, ungaze uyeke ukusebenzisa eli yeza ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela iimpawu ezingathandekiyo (i-antidepressant discontinuation syndrome).
I-Serotonin Syndrome - Into ekufuneka uyixhalabele!
Ngamanye amaxesha, xa uthatha amanye amayeza onyusa amanqanaba e-serotonin, njengee-SSRI, ubungakanani be-serotonin engqondweni bunokunyuka ngokungeyomfuneko. Oku kunokuba yingozi.
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeSerotonin Syndrome | |
|---|---|
| - Ixhala, ukungazinzi | - Abafundi abavulelekileyo |
| - Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, isisu esibuhlungu | - Ukuqhaqhazela kwemisipha, ukuqina kwayo |
| - Ukubila kakhulu, ukungcangcazela | - Ukunyakaza kwamehlo ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye |
| Iimpawu ezinzulu ezifuna ukungeniswa esibhedlele ngoko nangoko: | |
| - Ukudideka okukhulu okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo | - Umkhuhlane ophezulu |
| - Isantya sentliziyo sikhawuleza kakhulu | - Ukuxhuzula |
| - Igazi elonyukayo | - Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo |
Ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zinzima, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko .
2. Ii-SNRI (ii-Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
La mayeza aphucuke kancinci emva kwee-SSRI. Achaphazela zombini ii-neurotransmitters i-serotonin kunye ne -norepinephrine . I-Norepinephrine ibalulekile ekuqwalaseleni nasekuphapheni kwethu. Yiyo loo nto la mayeza ngamanye amaxesha esetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlungu ezingapheliyo (umz., i-diabetesic neuropathy, i-fibromyalgia).
- Imizekelo eqhelekileyo: iDuloxetine (iCymbalta), iVenlafaxine (i-Effexor)
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo: isicaphucaphu, umlomo owomileyo, ukudinwa, ukozela, isiyezi, ukubila.
3. Ii-NDRI (i-Norepinephrine kunye nee-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors)
Eli yeza lonyusa amanqanaba e-neurotransmitters i-norepinephrine kunye ne-dopamine . I-Dopamine ibalulekile kulonwabo lwethu, ukhuthazo kunye nengqalelo yethu.
- Umzekelo oyintloko: I-Bupropion (iWellbutrin). Eli liyeza elinokukunceda uyeke ukutshaya.
- Inqaku elikhethekileyo: Ineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zesondo ezimbalwa kunezinye izidambisi-ntlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ayifanelekanga kubantu abasengozini yokuba nesithuthwane.
Ezinye iintlobo, ezindala kodwa zisabalulekile
Nangona la mayeza engasetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku, anokuba luncedo kakhulu kwabanye abantu abangasabeliyo kumayeza amatsha. Nangona kunjalo, aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi.
Ii-antidepressants ze-Tricyclic kunye ne-tetracyclic (ii-TCA)
La ngamayeza amadala asetyenziswa ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1950. Nangona esebenza kakuhle njengamayeza amatsha, aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaphezulu. Umzekelo, anokubangela ukozela, umlomo owomileyo, ukutyeba, kunye notshintsho kwisantya sentliziyo.
- Imizekelo eqhelekileyo: i-Amitriptyline, i-Nortriptyline, i-Clomipramine.
Izithinteli ze-Monoamine oxidase (ii-MAOI)
La mayeza adala kakhulu kwaye asetyenziswa rhoqo. Xa uwasebenzisa , kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngento oyityayo. Kuba ukuba utya ukutya okuqulethe i-amino acid 'Tyramine' (umz., itshizi edala, isosi yesoya, inyama ethile, iziqhamo ezithile), uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lunokunyuka ngendlela eyingozi. Kwakhona, ukuwasebenzisa kunye nezinye iziyobisi zokudakumba kuyingozi kakhulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha wakho malunga namayeza, iivithamini, okanye iimveliso zezityalo ozisebenzisayo, kuba la mayeza anokusebenza.
Ii-nutraceuticals ezingasetyenziswa ukunceda ngamayeza
Ezi azingomayeza, kodwa zizongezo zokutya okanye izongezo zesondlo ezinokunceda kwiimeko ezithile zonyango. Azikhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe zodwa xa kudandatheka. Nangona kunjalo, zingasetyenziswa kunye nonyango oluqhelekileyo, njengoko ugqirha wakho ecebisa.
- I-SAMe (S-adenosyl-methionine): Yikhemikhali eveliswa ngumzimba enceda ekwenzeni ii-neurotransmitters.
- Ii-Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Ezi, ngakumbi ezifumaneka kwioyile yeentlanzi, zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba okuthile engqondweni.
- IVithamini D: Uphando lubonisa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kokunqongophala kwale vithamini, efumaneka elangeni, kunye nokudakumba.
Kodwa khumbula, ayilocebo lilungileyo ukuzithatha ngokubona kwakho. Thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye uzisebenzise kuphela xa evuma. Kuba ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinto zinokudibana nezinye iziyobisi ozisebenzisayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-antidepressants luhlobo lwamayeza atshintsha umsebenzi weekhemikhali zobuchopho (ii-neurotransmitters).
- Kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ezininzi ukuba la mayeza asebenze ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba nomonde .
- Ungaze uqale, utshintshe idosi, okanye ngequbuliso uyeke ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Ukwenza njalo kunokuba yingozi.
- Xelela ugqirha wakho malunga neminye imithi, iivithamini, okanye iimveliso zezityalo ozisebenzisayo.
- Ukuba kuvela iimpawu ezinzulu ezifana nokudideka okukhulu, umkhuhlane ophezulu, kunye nokuxhuzula, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko, kuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba yi-serotonin syndrome.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye uloyiko malunga nale mithi, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo ngokukhululekileyo.
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