Ngaba uziva izandi eziqhelekileyo ngakumbi? Makhe sithethe ngale nto (Hyperacusis)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ufumanisa ukuba izandi eziqhelekileyo oziva yonke imihla, izandi abanye abangakhathaliyo ngazo, ziphezulu kakhulu kwaye ziyacaphukisa? Njengokungathi umntu unyuse ivolumu ukuya phezulu. Ukuba kunjalo, eli bali liza kuba libaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolu hlobo lwemeko. Kwisayensi yezonyango, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-(Hyperacusis) okanye i-hypersensitivity to sounds.

Yintoni iHyperacusis?

Ngamafutshane, i-hyperacusis sisifo sokuva esingaqhelekanga. Yimeko apho izandi ezivakalayo kwabanye ziphezulu kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha zibuhlungu, kumntu onesifo. Abanye abantu babiza oku ngokuthi "ukunyamezelana kwesandi okunciphileyo," okanye i-DST. Cinga ngayo, sihlala siva izandi ezahlukeneyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kodwa kumntu onesifo se-hyperacusis, yonke into ivakala ngathi ivolumu inyuswe ukuya phezulu.

Nazi ezinye izandi esizivayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa oko kunokuba nzima kumntu one-hyperacusis ukuzinyamezela:

• Isandi sabantu abathethayo.
• Isandi senjini yemoto iqhuba.
• Isandi sempompo yamanzi ekhitshini ivula.
• Isandi esenziwa xa izixhobo zombane ezisekhaya zivuliwe (umz. i-blender, i-vacuum cleaner).
• Isandi somntu ojika amaphepha encwadi okanye iphephandaba.
• Nokuba yinto engaqondakaliyo kakhulu ivakala ngolu hlobo.

Olu lwazi lunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yakho yengqondo. Usenokuhlangabezana nezinto ezifana nokucaphuka rhoqo kunye nokungazinzi. (Hyperacusis) inokuchaphazela nobudlelwane bakho nabantu. Abanye abantu bade baphephe imisitho yoluntu ukuze baphephe le ngxolo igqithisileyo.

I-Hyperacusis idla ngokwenzeka kunye ne -tinnitus . I-Tinnitus kukuqonda izandi ezahlukeneyo ezindlebeni (umz., ukukhala, ukubetha umlozi, ukunqakraza, ukugquma), okunxulunyaniswa nokulahlekelwa kukuva. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iimeko ze-hyperacusis ezifuna ukuba ne-tinnitus okanye ukulahlekelwa kukuva.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko (iHyperacusis)?

Enyanisweni, oogqirha abakayazi kangako nge-hyperacusis. Enye yezinto abangazaziyo kukuba ixhaphake kangakanani. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba phakathi kwe-3.2% kunye ne-17.1% yabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci banokuba ne-hyperacusis. Phakathi kwabantu abadala, izinga liphakathi kwe-8% kunye ne-15.2% .

Kodwa kunzima ukutsho ukuba ixhaphake kangakanani na. Ngenxa yokuba abantu abane-hyperacusis bachaza iimpawu zabo ngokusekelwe kumava abo, inokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Kwakhona, akukho ndlela inye, eyamkelekileyo jikelele yokuxilonga okanye yokulinganisa i-hyperacusis. Abaphandi basafunda nge-hyperacusis, kunye nokuba bangaphi abantu abanayo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-hyperacusis?

Ukuba une-hyperacusis, izandi eziqhelekileyo kwabanye zinokuba nzima, zinganyamezeleki, zibe buhlungu, kwaye zikoyikise .Le ngxolo isenokuvakala ngathi kukucaphuka okuncinci, okanye isenokuvakala ngathi ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho, okanye inokuba nkulu kangangokuba inokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"seizures".

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubonwa ziquka:

• Ingxolo ezindlebeni zakho.
• Intlungu yendlebe.
• Ukuziva uxinezelekile okanye ugcwele ngaphakathi ezindlebeni (njengokuziva uziva ngaphambi kokuba iindlebe zakho "ziqhume" kwinqwelo-moya).

Ezi mpawu zinokuchaphazela kakubi impilo yakho yengqondo kunye nobomi bakho bentlalo. Ukuhlala uhlala nale ngxolo inganyamezelekiyo nengathandekiyo kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nezi:

• Ixhala.
• Uxinzelelo.
• Iingxaki kubudlelwane.
• Ukuzihlukanisa nabantu kunye nokuphepha imicimbi yoluntu.

Ezi mpawu zinokuba zimbi ngakumbi xa uxinezelekile , udiniwe , okanye ukuba kufuneka uye kwiindawo apho ulindele ukuba kubekho ingxolo enganyamezelekiyo.

Kutheni oku (Hyperacusis) kwenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Abaphandi basazama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela i-hyperacusis. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba iindawo zengqondo yethu ezilawula indlela esiyibona ngayo i-stimulation zenza izandi zibe phezulu. Nge-hyperacusis, ingqondo yakho iyaziva izandi ngokucacileyo nokuba ziphindaphinda kangakanani na, nokuba ziphantsi (njengendudumo), ziphakathi (njengelizwi lomntu), okanye ziphezulu (njengesiren okanye umlozi).

Kukho iingcamango ezahlukeneyo malunga noku. Enye ingcamango kukuba i-hyperacusis inokubangelwa kukonakala kweendawo ezithile zemithambo-luvo yethu yokuva . I-auditory nerve ithwala imiqondiso yesandi esuka endlebeni yethu yangaphakathi ukuya engqondweni, apho siva khona. Enye ingcamango kukuba i-hyperacusis inokubangelwa kukonakala kwemithambo-luvo yobuso . I-facial nerve ilawula imisipha ye-stapedius endlebeni yethu, elawula isandi. Iimeko ezininzi ezinxulumene ne-hyperacusis (umz. i-Bell's palsy, i-Ramsay Hunt syndrome, isifo se-Lyme) nazo zinokubangela umonakalo kwimithambo-luvo yobuso.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho sizathu sinye esichaphazela zonke iimeko ze-hyperacusis. Endaweni yoko, inxulunyaniswe nezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zonyango ezinokubangela oko.

Phakathi kwezinto ezinefuthe kukho:

• Ukuvezwa kwingxolo enkulu ixesha elide: I-Hyperacusis ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abavezwa kumculo ophezulu ixesha elide, njengabaculi be-rock, okanye abo basebenza kwiindawo ezinomsindo, njengabasebenzi bokwakha.
• Ukuchaphazeleka ngequbuliso kwingxolo enkulu: Abanye abantu baba ne-hyperacusis emva kokuva ingxolo enkulu ngequbuliso, efana nokudubula okanye iziqhushumbisi.

I-Hyperacusis idla ngokudibana neemeko ezifana ne-tinnitus (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-86%) kunye ne-Williams syndrome (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90%). Phantse isiqingatha sabo bafunyaniswe benesifo se-hyperacusis nabo baneengxaki zempilo zokuziphatha ezifana nexhala.

Iimeko ezinokunxulunyaniswa ne-hyperacusis:

• Ixhala
• I-Autism `(Autism)`
• Ukukhubazeka kukaBell
• Uxinzelelo
• I-Down syndrome
• Usulelo lwendlebe (umz. i-otitis media)
• Ukulimala entloko
• Isifo seLyme
• Isifo sikaMeniere
• Iintloko ezibuhlungu
• Ingxaki yoxinzelelo emva kwengozi (PTSD)
• Isifo sikaRamsay Hunt
• I-Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome (SCDS)
• Isifo samalungu eTemporomandibular (TMJ)
• I-tinnitus
• isifo sikaWilliams

Abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu ze-hyperacusis emva kotyando okanye njengempendulo kumayeza athile.

Uyazi njani ukuba une-hyperacusis?

Kunokuba nzima ukuxilonga, njengoko ingengabo bonke ababoneleli bezempilo abaqhelene ne-hyperacusis. Kusenokufuneka ubone ingcali yendlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala (ingcali ye-ENT) kunye/okanye ingcali ye-audiologist ukuze ikuncede uxilonge ingxaki.

Uxilongo lungabandakanya:

• Imbali yezonyango: Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uza kuqwalasela izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko, njengeengxaki zempilo yokuziphatha (ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba), ukuvezwa ziingxolo ezinkulu, okanye umonakalo kwiindlebe zakho.
• Uvavanyo: Baza kujonga naziphi na iingxaki zesakhiwo ezindlebeni zakho ezinokuba zinxulumene ne-hyperacusis yakho. Banokwenza uvavanyo olufana ne -tympanometry ukujonga indlela i-eardrum yakho ehamba ngayo. Basenokujonga nemithambo -luvo yakho yentloko ukuze babone ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ngokusebenza kwemithambo-luvo yakho yobuso.
• Uvavanyo lokuva: Uvavanyo lokuva lusetyenziselwa ukumisela inqanaba lakho lokuva. Lunokuvavanya nenqanaba lakho lokungakhululeki kwengxolo (LDL) . I-LDL ibonisa inqanaba oqala ngalo ukuva izandi ezinkulu kakhulu ukuba ungaziva. Ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba ugcwalise iphepha lemibuzo malunga nokuva kwakho ukuze avavanye ukuba i-hyperacusis yakho ikuchaphazele kangakanani. Le mibuzo iya kubonisa ukuba i-hyperacusis yakho iphazamisa kangakanani ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba i-hyperacusis yakho ibangelwa yingxaki yesakhiwo, efana ne-facial nerve palsy, banokuyalela iinkqubo zokuthatha imifanekiso.Unganikwa nomsebenzi welabhoratri ukuba ukrokrela ukuba i-hyperacusis yakho ibangelwa yimeko efana nesifo seLyme.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-hyperacusis?

Akukho unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-hyperacusis. Endaweni yoko, unyango luhlala lugxile ekunciphiseni iimpawu zomzimba kunye neendlela zokufundisa ukunceda ekulweni noxinzelelo lwengqondo olubangelwa yi-hyperacusis. Unyango luquka:

• Unyango lwesandi: Injongo kukukwenza uzive ukhululekile kancinci kancinci (kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo), ekugqibeleni ukuzise kwinqanaba onokulinyamezela. Okokuqala, uvezwa izandi ezikhululekileyo nezingenamandla aphantsi. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa, isandi siyanda kancinci kancinci, nto leyo ekuvumela ukuba uqhele amanqanaba aphezulu.
• Unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT): I-CBT ifundisa abantu indlela yokujongana noxinzelelo kunye neemvakalelo ezimbi ezinxulumene nengxolo enkulu. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa uloyiko kunye nexhala elinxulumene ne-hyperacusis. Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-CBT inokunyusa inqanaba lengxolo ye-LDL (low-density lipoprotein) kubantu abane-hyperacusis.
• Unyango loqeqesho ngokutsha lwe-Tinnitus (TRT): Nangona i-TRT idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-tinnitus, ingasetyenziselwa nokunyanga i-hyperacusis. I-TRT ibandakanya ukufundisa izigulana ngemeko yazo, iingcebiso, kunye nonyango lwesandi. Kwi-TRT, umamela isandi esithomalalisayo esibizwa ngokuba yi- "pink noise" ngee-headphones ezikhethekileyo. Isandi esipinki sifana nesandi semvula okanye umoya. Isandi esipinki sidala indawo yesandi ezolileyo, enokuqikelelwa, ngoko ke izandi ebezinokukukhathaza azibi mnandi kangako.
• Utyando: Ukuze unyange i-hyperacusis enxulunyaniswa ne-facial nerve palsy , ugqirha wakho unokwenza utyando olujikelezayo noluyi-oval window reinforcement . Olu tyando lusebenzisa izicubu ezisemva kwendlebe yakho ukubonelela ngenkxaso yamathambo ( ii-ossicles ) kwindlebe yakho yangaphakathi ezinceda ukulawula ubukhali besandi. Olu tyando lunokuphucula amanqanaba e-LDL.

Ngaba iHyperacusis inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Akukho ndlela ithile yonyango lwe-hyperacusis, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwisizathu, iimpawu zakho zinokuphucuka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umzekelo, i-hyperacusis emva kotyando inokuphela emva kokuba uphilile emva kotyando. Abantu abanesifo sikaMénière banokubona ukwehla kweempawu ze-hyperacusis njengoko isifo siqhubeka.

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa uphila nale meko?

Ababoneleli beenkonzo zonyango kunye nabaphandi bezonyango basafunda ngemiphumo yexesha elide ye-hyperacusis. Kubantu abaninzi, i-hyperacusis yimeko yexesha elide abafunda ukuyilawula ngonyango. Kwabanye, iimpawu ziyaphela emva kotyando okanye xa imeko esisiseko inyangwa.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Abantu abaninzi abaneempawu ze-hyperacusis baqala ngokuzama ukuthintela ingxolo ebangqongileyo ngokunxiba ii-earplugs okanye ii-headphones. Basenokuphepha neendibano zoluntu. Kodwa ezi zinto zinokwenza imeko ibe mandundu. Abantu abasebenzisa ii-headphones okanye ii-earplugs banokufumanisa ukuba ingxolo inamandla ngakumbi emva kokuba zisusiwe. Ukuzihlukanisa nabantu kunokubangela okanye kubenze babe mandundu iingxaki zempilo yengqondo.

Musa ukuzama ukulawula iimpawu zakho wedwa. Endaweni yoko, bonana nogqirha ukuba uneempawu ze-hyperacusis. Kungathatha ixesha ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela le ngxaki, kodwa kukho unyango olunokukunceda.

Ngaba iHyperacusis sisifo sengqondo?

Hayi, i-hyperacusis ayisosifo sengqondo. I-Hyperacusis yingxaki yokuva. Nangona kunjalo, idla ngokunxulunyaniswa neemeko zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba. Ukuphila nengxolo egqithisileyo, eyinto ebangela i-hyperacusis, kunokuchaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo. Ukoyika ingxolo yokuva, kunye nokuzihlukanisa ukuze ukhusele ukuva kwakho, kunokwenza iimpawu ze-hyperacusis zibe zimbi ngakumbi.

Ukuba uva izandi ezinkulu kakhulu ukuba ungakwazi ukuzibamba, bona ugqirha. Ukuzama ukuthintela ingxolo ngee-headphones okanye ii-earplugs ezicima ingxolo kunokwenza iimpawu zakho zibe zimbi ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kungathatha ixesha ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela imeko yakho, kodwa kukho unyango olunokunceda. Unyango olunesandi kunye nonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) kuye kwabonakala ukuba kunceda abantu abane-hyperacusis ukuba bajongane neempawu zabo. Ukuba i-hyperacusis ibangelwa yimeko yezonyango engaphantsi, unyango olo lunokunceda.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule?

Kulungile, makhe sijonge ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule ngale hyperacusis:

• I-Hyperacusis yimeko apho nezandi eziqhelekileyo ziphezulu kakhulu ukuba zingathwalwa. Ayilotyala lakho eli.
• Esi asisosifo sengqondo, kodwa sinokunxulunyaniswa neengxaki zempilo yengqondo (ezifana nokuxhalaba nokudakumba).
• Zininzi izizathu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukufumana isizathu esithile.
• Ukuzama ukunciphisa ingxolo ngezinto ezifana nee-earplugs zodwa kunokwenza imeko ibe mandundu.
• Ukuba unale mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kugqirha. Jongana nengcali yendlebe, impumlo, nomqala okanye ingcali ye-audiologist.
• Kukho unyango olufumanekayo. Izinto ezifana ne-sound therapy kunye ne-cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) zinokukunceda uphile nale meko.
• Awuwedwa. Musa ukoyika ukuthetha ngale nto nokucela uncedo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unengxaki yokungakhululeki, nceda ucele uncedo lwezonyango. Sikunqwenelela ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza!

I- Hyperacusis, ukuva ingxolo, izifo zendlebe, ingxolo enkulu, i-tinnitus, ukulahlekelwa kukuva, impilo yengqondo