Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci ufunda ngokukhawuleza kakhulu? Kodwa awuqondi? Oku kusenokuba malunga (Hyperlexia)!

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci, ngaphambi kwabanye abantwana abalingana naye, ufunda iincwadi, amaphephandaba, kunye neebhodi ezinkulu esitalatweni, ngendlela emangalisayo? Ungamangaliswa kukuba, "Owu, umntwana wam ukrelekrele kakhulu, ufunda kakhulu kule minyaka." Kodwa, ngaba wakha waziva ngathi akayiqondi into ayifundayo, kwaye akazi ukuba aphendule njani imibuzo ngayo? Ukuba kunjalo, le isenokuba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hyperlexia)`. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni le `(Hyperlexia)`? Kulula kakhulu!

Ngamafutshane, `(Hyperlexia)` ithetha ukuba umntwana wakho uqala ukufunda amagama ngaphambi kwexesha elilindelweyo. Kodwa kukho iqhinga apha. Inxalenye ethi "Hyper" ithetha "ngcono" okanye "ngokukhawuleza. " " Lexia" ithetha "ulwimi okanye ukufunda." Ngoko ke, umntwana one-`(Hyperlexia)` unokuba nobuchule obuphezulu bokubona amagama nokufunda kunabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo. Nangona kunjalo, basenokungayiqondi into eninzi abayifundayo.

Khawuthelekelele, umntwana wakho ufunda igama elikhulu kwiphephandaba kakuhle, kodwa xa ubuza ukuba lithetha ukuthini elo gama, okanye lithetha ukuthini isivakalisi, akukho mpendulo. Into efana naleyo. Basenokuba nomdla omkhulu koonobumba namanani, mhlawumbi nokuba likhoboka lawo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ubuchule bokufunda amagama buphezulu kakhulu kunokukwazi ukuqonda ulwimi.

Ngaba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-`(Hyperlexia)` kunye ne-`(Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD)`?

Lo ngumbuzo abazali abaninzi abanawo. Ewe, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hyperlexia)` idla ngokunxulunyaniswa ne-`(Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD)`. Uphando lubonisa ukuba malunga nama-84 ekhulwini abantwana abane-`(Hyperlexia)` (oko kukuthi, malunga nama-84 kwabantwana abali-100) basenokuba kwi-autism spectrum.

Kodwa nantsi ingongoma ebalulekileyo. Ayingabo bonke abantwana abane-"Hyperlexia" abane-autism. Kwakhona, yi-6 ukuya kwi-14 ekhulwini kuphela yabantwana abane-autism abane-"Hyperlexia." Ngoko ke, ungoyiki ukuthi umntwana wakho une-autism kuba nje umbona efunda ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kulungile ukwazi olu nxibelelwano.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-`(Hyperlexia)`?

Abaphandi bafumanise iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-"Hyperlexia":

`(Hyperlexia) I` (Uhlobo I)

Kulapho abantwana abasakhulayo befunda khona ukufunda kwangethuba kakhulu kwaye bengcono kunokuba bekulindelwe. Ezinye iingcali zithi olu fundo lwangethuba alufanelekanga ukuba lubekwe kwi-"Hyperlexia". Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu luyavuma ukuba uhlobo lokuqala lwe-"Hyperlexia" alufuni unyango olukhethekileyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntwana wakho uwela kolu didi, usenokuba ngumntwana onesiphiwo nje.

`(I-Hyperlexia) II` (Uhlobo lwesibini)

Olu hlobo ludla ngokunxulunyaniswa nabantwana abane-autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Aba bantwana babonisa umdla omkhulu koonobumba namanani besebancinci. Bakhetha iincwadi kunye nezinto zokufunda kunezinye izinto zokudlala. Banokubonisa nezinye iimpawu ezibonakala kwi-autism. Iingcali zonyango zihlala zisebenzisa ubuchule bokufunda balo mntwana njengesixhobo sonyango.

`(Hyperlexia) III` (Uhlobo lwesithathu)

Oku kufana kancinci nohlobo lwesibini. Nangona kunjalo, into ekhethekileyo apha kukuba iimpawu zale meko ziyancipha kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ziyanyamalala njengoko bekhula. Aba bantwana nabo banezakhono zokufunda eziphezulu, kodwa ulwimi lwabo oluthethwayo, oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukuveza izimvo ngamagama, lunokuba kade kancinci. Nangona banokubonisa iimpawu ezithile ze-autism, ukukwazi kwabo ukuthetha nabanye nokugcina ubudlelwane bezentlalo (izakhono zonxibelelwano lwentlalo) kusenokuba kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zomntwana one-`(Hyperlexia)`?

Iimpawu ezicacileyo kakhulu kukukwazi ukufunda kakuhle kunye nomdla omkhulu koonobumba namanani. Nangona umntwana wakho esenokubonakala efunda kakuhle, usenokungayiqondi into ayifundayo.

Abantwana abaninzi abane-"Hyperlexia" babonisa ezi mpawu:

• Ukufunda ngokukhawuleza: Abantwana abane-"Hyperlexia" bafunda ukufunda ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kwemiyalelo ekhethekileyo, phantse bebodwa. Basenokuqhela ukuphindaphinda amagama abawabonayo nabeva rhoqo.
• Uthando ngeencwadi: Aba bantwana bathanda iincwadi nokufunda ngaphezu kwezinye izinto zokudlala. Ngamanye amaxesha banokubonwa bebhala amagama emoyeni ngeminwe yabo, okanye bewabiza ngokuvakalayo.
• Ukunqongophala kokuqonda: Nokuba bayakwazi ukufunda, banokuba nobunzima bokuqonda oko bakufundayo. Umzekelo, basenokuba nakho ukufunda umdlalo ephepheni, kodwa babe nobunzima bokuqonda indlela yokuwudlala. Okanye basenokungakwazi ukuqonda indlela yokusombulula iphazili.
• Iimpawu zengxaki yokukhula: Abantwana abane-hyperlexia ngamanye amaxesha banokubonisa iimpawu zengxaki yokukhula, njengeengxaki zokuziphatha okanye ubunzima bokuthetha nokunxibelelana njengabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo.

Yintoni ebangela `(i-Hyperlexia)`?

Enyanisweni, abaphandi abakafumani unobangela ochanekileyo we-hyperlexia. Uninzi lukholelwa ukuba ibangelwa yindibaniselwano yezinto zemfuza kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo ezichaphazela ukukhula kwengqondo yomntwana. Oko kuthetha ukuba akukho mntu unetyala.

Ungayiqaphela njani i-`(Hyperlexia)`?

Okwangoku akukho vavanyo lucacileyo lwale meko. Ukuchonga le meko kunokuba nzima kancinci, njengoko ingasoloko izizela yodwa. Umntwana wakho usenokuba nayo kunye nezinye iingxaki zokufunda okanye zokuziphatha. Kwakhona, i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ayichazi ngokucacileyo ukuba yingxaki eyahlukileyo. I-DSM-5 idwelisa i-Hyperlexia njengenxalenye ye-autism spectrum disorder.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho usenokuba ne-hyperlexia, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukubona ugqirha wezingane. Angakuthumela kwingcali, njengengcali yezengqondo zabantwana okanye ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha. Ezi ngcali ziya kwenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umntwana uqonda ulwimi kangakanani na.

Ezi mvavanyo azinzima kangako. Azimoyikisi umntwana okanye zimcinezele. Kulindeleke ukuba zifumanise ukuba umntwana uyazi kangakanani kwaye uyazi kangakanani.

Izakhono zomntwana zokubona, ukuva, ukusabela kwengqondo, kunye nokunxibelelana nazo ziyavavanywa. Ekubeni i-hyperlexia inxulunyaniswa kakhulu ne-autism, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo zokuvavanya ezithile ze-autism ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuthintela ukuba kukho i-autism.

Ungamnceda njani umntwana one-`(Hyperlexia)`?

Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-`(Hyperlexia)` umntwana analo kunye nemeko yakhe. Abantwana abane-`(Hyperlexia) I` (uhlobo lokuqala) abadli ngokufuna naluphi na unyango. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abane-`(Hyperlexia) II` (uhlobo lwesibini) kunye ne-`(Hyperlexia) III` (uhlobo lwesithathu) banokungenelwa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango.

• Unyango lokuthetha: Oku kunceda ukuphucula izakhono zolwimi nezentlalontle zomntwana. Ingcali yokuthetha nolwimi isebenzisa izakhono zokufunda eziphambili zomntwana ukuze imncede oyise ubuthathaka bakhe. Isicwangciso sonyango senziwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno kunye nezinto anomdla kuzo umntwana. Oku kungabandakanya izakhono zentlalo, ukuqonda, ukubhala, kunye nokuthetha.
• Unyango lomsebenzi: Olu lunyango olukhethekileyo olugxile kwiimfuno zomntwana ezithile. Ingcali yezonyango ingasebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo umntwana ajongene nazo, njengokulala, ukutya, ukuzinyamekela, ukubhala, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi wesikolo kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu.
• Unyango/ingcebiso ngengqondo: Apha, ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana isebenza neemfuno zomntwana ezithile, ezifana neengxaki zeemvakalelo, zokuziphatha, kunye nokufunda.

Ukwengeza,Ukukhetha indawo yokufunda efanelekileyo kumntwana wakho kubaluleke kakhulu ekunyangeni i-Hyperlexia. Ukuba umntwana wakho une-Hyperlexia II, angazuza ngakumbi ekufundeni kwiklasi yemfundo ekhethekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba igumbi lokufundela eliqhelekileyo linokuba limkhuthaza kakhulu. Umntwana wakho unokukhetha ukufunda ngcono kwindawo yokufunda yomntu ngamnye.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana wakho une-`(Hyperlexia) III`, angazuza ngokuba seklasini eqhelekileyo kuba kumnika amathuba amaninzi okuphuhlisa izakhono zakhe zentlalo ngelixa ephuhlisa nezinye izakhono zokufunda.

Ngaba i-Hyperlexia ingathintelwa?

Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngaphambili, abaphandi abakayazi eyona nto ibangela oku. Ke ngoko, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuthintela le meko.

Ndifanele ndimse nini umntwana wam kugqirha?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho ubonisa iimpawu ze-"Hyperlexia", licebo elihle ukubona ugqirha. Abanye abantwana banokuba nesiphiwo nje sokufunda kwangethuba. Ugqirha unokukunceda ubone ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna uphononongo olongezelelweyo kunye/okanye unyango.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha womntwana wam?

Ungabuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-`(Hyperlexia)` olunalo umntwana wam?
• Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana wam unokuba ne-autism?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango okanye unyango olucebisayo?
• Ngaba le meko (i-Hyperlexia) iza kuphela njengoko umntwana wam ekhula?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukunceda umntwana wam ukuba ajongane nale meko?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-`(Hyperlexia)` kunye ne-`(Dyslexia)`?

I-Dyslexia ichasene ne-hyperlexia. Nangona abantwana abane-hyperlexia beqala ukufunda kwangethuba, abantwana abane-dyslexia banobunzima bokubhala nokufunda. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nabantwana abane-hyperlexia, abantwana abane-dyslexia badla ngokuyiqonda into abayifundayo. Bayakwazi ukuziveza kakuhle baze bacinge ngendlela enengqondo.

I-Dyslexia yingxaki yokufunda eqhelekileyo kakhulu kune-hyperlexia. Malunga nama-20% abantu baseMelika banesifo se-dyslexia, kwaye phakathi kwama-80% nama-90% azo zonke iingxaki zokufunda zibangelwa yi-dyslexia.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunda ngesantya esimangalisayo, akuthethi ukuba unesifo se-hyperlexia okanye i-autism. Abanye abantwana bafunda nje ukufunda kwangethuba, kwaye bakrelekrele. Kodwa umazi kakuhle umntwana wakho. Ukuba ubona nantoni na ebonakala ingaqhelekanga okanye ingaqhelekanga, bonana nogqirha womntwana wakho ngoko nangoko. Angakunceda wenze isigqibo sokuba wenze ntoni ngokulandelayo.

Khumbula, nokuba yintoni na ingxaki yokufunda, okukhona ibonwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kungcono. Emva koko sinokunika umntwana uncedo nenkxaso ayidingayo ngokukhawuleza, simncede akhule ngokupheleleyo. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa.

I- Hyperlexia, i-autism, ukufunda ngokukhawuleza, ukuqonda ulwimi, uphuhliso lomntwana, unyango lokuthetha, umahluko ekufundeni