Ngaba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luyayichaphazela ingqondo? Masifunde nge-hypertensive encephalopathy!

Ngaba wakha weva ngegama elithi "Hypertensive Encephalopathy"? Lisenokuvakala ngathi ligama elibi kuba linoonobumba abaninzi, akunjalo? Ngamafutshane, le yimeko apho uxinzelelo emzimbeni wakho, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo lwegazi, lunyuka ngequbuliso lude lufikelele kwinqanaba apho luchaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho. Le ayisiyonto yokudlala ngayo, kuba le yimeko efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo ngokucacileyo nangendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye iHypertensive Encephalopathy?

Kulungile, masiqale kwasekuqaleni. Igama elithi "hypertensive" lithetha uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Igama elithi "Encephalopathy" lithetha utshintsho okanye ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Emva koko xa ezi zimbini zidityanisiwe, i-hypertensive encephalopathy kukuphazamiseka okwethutyana kokusebenza kwengqondo ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Kule nto, into ephambili ebonwayo kukutshintsha kwimeko yakho yengqondo.

Ngoku uyazi, njengoko igazi lihamba ngemithambo yomzimba wethu, lifaka uxinzelelo oluthile eludongeni lwaloo mithambo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba luxinzelelo lwegazi, okanye "uxinzelelo." Ngokwesiqhelo, uxinzelelo lwegazi lomntu ophilileyo lungaphantsi kwe-130/80 mmHg (iimilimitha zemercury). Kodwa xa esi sifo se-hypertensive encephalopathy sivela, uxinzelelo lunokufikelela kwi-220/130 mmHg. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuthiwa le meko inokwenzeka nokuba ikwinqanaba le-160/100 mmHg.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba le yingxamiseko yezonyango, nokuba isongela ubomi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona iimpawu, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Enyanisweni, iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zenzeka ngaphantsi kwe-2% yazo zonke izigulana eziza kumagumbi ongxamiseko esibhedlele. Nangona kunjalo, i-hypertensive encephalopathy yenzeka malunga ne-15%. Oku kuthetha ukuba asinto eyenzekayo kuye wonke umntu, kodwa ukuba iyenzeka, unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile.

Zithini iimpawu? Ungazibona njani kwangethuba?

Kule meko, iimpawu aziveli ngequbuliso. Zikhula kancinci kancinci. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi mpawu.

Iimpawu zokuqala ezinokwenzeka zezi:

• Intloko ebuhlungu: Le inokuba yintloko ebuhlungu kakhulu esiya isiba mandundu. Ingavakala ngathi kukho umntu ocinezela ngaphakathi entlokweni yakho.
• Ukudinwa: Ukudinwa kakhulu okuvakalayo nasemva kokuba ungenzi nto.
• Isicaphucaphu: Uziva ngathi uza kuhlanza.
• Ukuhlanza: Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlanza kunokubakho.

Emva koko ungafumana iimpawu ezichaphazela imeko yakho yengqondo:

Ezi mpawu zezona zisixelela ukuba le meko imbi kakhulu.

• Ukudideka: Imeko yokungazi ukuba ukuphi, lixesha lini, okanye ungubani.
• Utshintsho lobuntu: Utshintsho olufana nomsindo okanye ukucaphuka ngequbuliso.
• Ukungazoli: Ukungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye nokuhambahamba.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono: Umbono usenokuba luzizi okanye uphele ngokupheleleyo ngequbuliso.
• Ukuxhuzula: Ukuxhuzula komzimba, okufana nokuxhuzula.
• Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo: Usenokulahlekelwa zingqondo uze uwe. Le yeyona meko iyingozi kakhulu.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele elikufutshane. Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu ngexesha elinje.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Ngamafutshane, unobangela oyintloko we-hypertensive encephalopathy luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu. Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uthumela amanzi ngokukhawuleza kunokuba umbhobho wamanzi ungawuphatha? Umbhobho ungonakala, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto, uxinzelelo oluphezulu luqala ukonakalisa imithambo yegazi ethambileyo engqondweni. Emva koko ulwelo olufana namanzi luqala ukuvuza kuloo mithambo yegazi luye engqondweni. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-cerebral edema. Kulapho umsebenzi wobuchopho uphazamiseka khona.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokuphuhlisa oku? (Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko)

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba nale meko. Makhe sijonge ukuba bangoobani:

• Abantu abangazaziyo ukuba bane-high blood pressure: Abantu abaninzi abazi nokuba banayo na kuba abajongi uxinzelelo lwabo lwegazi. Abantu abanjalo banokungena ngequbuliso kwimeko eyingozi efana nale.
• Abantu abayeka ngequbuliso ukuthatha amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi: Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza wedwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha.
• Abantu abanesifo sezintso: Izintso sisitho esibalulekileyo esinceda ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi emzimbeni wethu. Xa unesifo sezintso, uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lunokunyuka ngakumbi.
• Abafazi abafumana uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (i-eclampsia) ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Le yimeko efuna unonophelo olukhulu.
• Abantu abafumana unyango oluthile lomhlaza (i-chemotherapy): Amanye amayeza omhlaza anokubangela ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi njengesiphumo esingesihle.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku? Ingaba zinzulu?

Ewe, ukuba oku akulawulwa kakuhle, kunokubakho iingxaki ezinkulu.

• Ukonakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo: Ukuba akunyangelwanga ngokukhawuleza, ukonakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo kunokwenzeka.
• Ukudumba kobuchopho: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le yeyona ngxaki iphambili.
• Ukonakala kwamanye amalungu omzimba: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, ukungaboni kakuhle, kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• I-Coma: Imeko yokungazi nto, efana nokulala ubuthongo obunzulu.
• Ukulahlekelwa bubomi:Ukuba ayinyangwa, ukufa kunokuvela.

Yiyo loo nto oku kuthathwa njengengxamiseko.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)

Xa usiya kwigumbi likaxakeka, oogqirha baza kuqala bajonge imeko yakho yengqondo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo kunye novavanyo lwemithambo-luvo ukujonga ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho. Baza kubuza nangembali yakho yezonyango, nawaphi na amayeza owasebenzisayo okwangoku, kunye nawaphi na amayeza owayeke kutshanje.

Ukongeza ekulinganiseni uxinzelelo, kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo ukuze kubonwe ukuba amanye amalungu omzimba onakele na:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga izinto ezifana nokusebenza kwezintso kunye namanqanaba etyuwa egazini.
• Uvavanyo lwe-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Jonga umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray yesifuba.
• I-Brain CT scan okanye i-MRI scan: Ukujonga ukudumba okanye ukopha engqondweni.

Konke oku yindlela oogqirha abaxilonga ngayo ngokuchanekileyo i-hypertensive encephalopathy.

Indlela yokunyanga? (Unyango)

Eyona njongo iphambili xa unyanga oku kukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi oluphezulu ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngokukhuselekileyo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Unyango olungxamisekileyo

• Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo lwegazi: La mayeza awanikwa ngomlomo ekuqaleni. Anikwa nge-cannula encinci ebekwe emthanjeni engalweni. Oku kwenza kube lula ukulawula uxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo.
• Ukhathalelo lweyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU): Ngelixa unyangwa, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi baya kukunyamekela kakuhle. Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa kwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU).
• Isantya sokwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi: Khawuthelekelele ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luyi-220/120 mmHg. Emva koko, kwiyure yokuqala, uxinzelelo luncitshiswa phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-15%. Aluncitshiswa ngaphezu kwe-25% kwiiyure ezingama-24. Kuba, ukuba ulunciphisa kakhulu ngaxeshanye, imithambo yegazi engqondweni ayinalo ixesha elaneleyo lokuphola, kwaye ezinye iingxaki ezifana nestroke zinokubakho. Ke ngoko, umthamo weyeza wenziwa ngononophelo olukhulu.
• Amayeza omlomo: Nje ukuba uxinzelelo lulawulwe, amayeza omlomo angaqalwa emva kweeyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezingama-24.
• Unyango lokuxhuzula: Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokuxhuzula, unganikwa amayeza alo nyango ixesha elifutshane.

Ulawulo lwexesha elide

Nokuba sele ubuyele ekhaya uvela esibhedlele, ugqirha wakho usenokukuxelela ukuba uqhubeke nokusela amayeza akho oxinzelelo lwegazi (amayeza omlomo okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi). La mayeza anokukunceda ugcine uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphantsi kolawulo. Aza kukuxelela nokuba wenze utshintsho oluthile kwindlela ophila ngayo:

• Ulawulo lokutya: Nciphisa ityuwa (i-sodium), nciphisa ukutya okunamafutha.
• Ukuzilolonga: Kulungile kakhulu ukuzilolonga yonke imihla.

Ngawaphi amayeza asetyenziswa kunyango?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi asebenza ngokukhawuleza/aqala ngokukhawuleza afumanekayo ukunyanga le meko. Umzekelo:

• I-Nicardipine
• I-Labetalol
• IHydralazine
• I-Fenoldopam
• I-Clevidipine
• I-sodium nitroprusside

La asingomayeza onokuwasela nje. Anikwa ngugqirha esibhedlele.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Ewe, kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga xa unciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, oogqirha nabo bayayiqwalasela loo nto.

• Ukudinwa
• Ukuba nesiyezi, ukuziva ungenazintloni
• Ukuquleka
• Ukulimala kwezintso
• Istroke

Ngenxa yokuba ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zimbi kakhulu, uza kuhlolwa ngokusondeleyo kulo lonke unyango lwakho.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Njengoko uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luqala ukwehla, uya kuqala ukuziva ungcono. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni i-encephalopathy iyichaphazele kangakanani indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yakho, kungathatha iintsuku ezininzi, okanye iiveki, ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba kuvela iingxaki, ixesha lokuchacha linokuba lide.

Iyintoni imbonakalo yale meko? (Imbonakalo)

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuba unyangwa ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo, iziphumo ze-hypertensive encephalopathy zinokuguqulwa. Oko kukuthi, njengoko uxinzelelo luncipha, iimpawu ezibangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo ziyanyamalala kancinci kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unezinye izifo ezinxulumene noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, unokuba neengxaki. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha beya kukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo ngexesha lonyango.

Emva kokuba unyangelwe le meko, ugqirha wakho uza kujonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo. Jonga ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lulawulwa njani ngamayeza owaselayo. Ukuba unako, fumana isixhobo sokujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi ekhaya uze ubhale phantsi uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela. Ukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, xelela ugqirha wakho . Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho oxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.

Ngaba oku akunakuthintelwa? Yintoni enokwenziwa?

Nangona ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, ungayinciphisa kakhulu le ngozi ngokulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze wenze oku:

• Yitya ukutya okunempilo: Yitya iziqhamo nemifuno emininzi. Nciphisa ioyile, ityuwa, kunye neswekile.
• Nciphisa ukutya ityuwa: Yitya ngaphantsi kwe-2 grams yetyuwa ngosuku.
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Into efana nokuhamba ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba: Yeka ukutshaya icuba ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukulawula uxinzelelo: Izinto ezifana nokucamngca kunye neyoga zinokunceda.
• Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Ukusela amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi achazwe ngugqirha kanye ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba une-high blood pressure, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ahlolwe. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika unyango olufanelekileyo aze ajonge indlela olukuchaphazela ngayo. Khumbula, ungayeki ukuthatha amayeza akho ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, xelela ugqirha wakho .

Ufanele uye nini esibhedlele ngoko nangoko? (ETU)

Ukuba uneempawu ze-hypertensive encephalopathy esizixubushe ngaphambili (ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, ukudideka, ukubona okufipheleyo, ukuxhuzula), tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luyingozi kwaye lunokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba alunyangwa ngokukhawuleza.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, kungcono ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Ndingayilawula njani uxinzelelo lwegazi lwam?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olundicebisayo?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwezo ndlela zonyango?
• Yintoni endifanele ndiyiphephe ukutya nokusela ukuze ndihlale ndisempilweni?
• Zeziphi iintlobo zokuzivocavoca ezikhuselekileyo endinokuzenza?

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Inene, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi akuyonto ilula. Ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni kuthatha ixesha, amandla, kunye nokuzinikela. Kodwa, cinga ngendlela enokuba yingozi ngayo imeko efana ne-hypertensive encephalopathy, ebangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Nangona inokunyangeka ukuba inyangwa ngokukhawuleza, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuyithintela ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ngokufanelekileyo. Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza akho oxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha wakho nangasiphi na isizathu. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

I- Hypertensive Encephalopathy, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iingxaki zobuchopho, uxinzelelo, unyango olungxamisekileyo, intloko ebuhlungu, ukuxhuzula