Ngaba uxinzelelo luyawachaphazela amehlo? Masithethe nge-(Hypertensive Retinopathy)!

Ngaba une-high blood pressure, okanye i-hypertension? Okanye ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okanye umhlobo wakho onayo? Ixesha elininzi, sicinga ukuba xa sithetha nge-hypertension, ichaphazela kuphela amalungu aphambili njengentliziyo, ingqondo, kunye nezintso. Kodwa ngaba ubusazi ukuba olu xinzelelo lwegazi luphezulu, ukuba sithetha ngokuchanekileyo, lunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni akho ngasese? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enjalo. Oku ngokwezonyango kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`. Nangona eli gama liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, masiliqonde ngokulula.

Yintoni le `(i-Hypertensive Retinopathy)`? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` kukonakalisa `(Retina)` , umaleko obuthathaka kakhulu ngaphakathi kweliso lakho, ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Cinga ngayo, iliso lethu lifana nekhamera. `(Retina)` isebenza njengefilimu ekweli khamera. Xa ukukhanya kungena elisweni, yile edala imifanekiso ize iyithumele engqondweni. Ngoko ke, `(Retina)` esempilweni ibalulekile ukuze sibone kakuhle.

Ngoku, kwenzeka ntoni xa une-high blood pressure, okanye i-high blood pressure? Igazi lihamba ngemithambo yegazi yomzimba wethu (oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi-"Ateries") ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunoluqhelekileyo. Kufana namanzi aphuma kwi-teppet ngamandla amaninzi. Xa imithambo yegazi iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu ixesha elide, iqala ukonakala. Lo monakalo unokuchaphazela imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke.

Ngoko ke, oku kwenzeka kwi-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`. Imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka ehambisa igazi kwi-`(Retina)` yonakele ngenxa yolu xinzelelo luphezulu. Emva koko i-`(Retina)` ayifumani ioksijini kunye nesondlo esifunekayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kungonakalisa iindawo ze-`(Retina)`, oku kubangele ukuba umbono uphazamiseke, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ude ube yimfama.

Esi sisilumkiso!

Kodwa ibali alipheli apho. I-Hypertensive Retinopathy ayisosifo esichaphazela amehlo kuphela. Luphawu oluqinileyo lwesilumkiso sokuba kukho iingxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho. Cinga ngako, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu aluchaphazeli amehlo kuphela kwaye ulibale ngezinye iindawo. Luchaphazela imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke. Oku kunokuchaphazela ngakumbi imithambo ehambisa igazi entliziyweni nasebuchotsheni bethu.

Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zalo monakalo zisenokungabonakali kangangeminyaka. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, olu luphawu lokuqala lokuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luyonakalisa imizimba yabo. Enyanisweni, abantu abane-retinopathy ephezulu basengozini enkulu yokufumana izifo zentliziyo , ezifana nesifo semithambo yegazi kunye nestroke kwixesha elizayo.

Kufana nokukhanya okumthubi endleleni. Luphawu oluthi, 'Lumka, yehlisa isantya, kwaye uqhubeke ngononophelo.' Ngoko ke, ukufumanisa ukuba une-'(Hypertensive Retinopathy)' kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Kodwa, cinga ngayo njengethuba lokujongana nempilo yakho. Thetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo kunye nogqirha wosapho ngale nto. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ngqo indlela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluyichaphazela ngayo impilo yakho kunye nendlela olunokulawulwa ngayo ngonyango.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luxhaphakile kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala, i-hypertension retinopathy nayo ixhaphakile kubo. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba le meko ichaphazela phakathi kwe-4% kunye ne-18.7% yabantu abadala abangenaso isifo seswekile. Nangona inokuchaphazela abantu balo naluphi na uhlanga, ixhaphake kancinci kubantu abamnyama nabangamaTshayina.

Zithini iimpawu ze-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`?

Abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu. Le yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu. Ukungazi ukuba unengxaki kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imeko isiba mandundu, usenokungakwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo njengangaphambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba usenokuba nombono ophantsi.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Eyona nto ibangela i-hypertension retinopathy luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ixesha elide. Khawuthelekelele, xa uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi ethambileyo kwi-retina yakho lusanda, loo mithambo yegazi iyaqina kwaye inciphe ixesha elide kunesiqhelo. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuba yi-vasospasm. Xa i-lumen yemithambo yegazi incipha, inani legazi elihamba liye kwi-retina liyancitshiswa. Kufana nokucinezela ingca yokusela ngesandla sakho, kwaye umthambo wegazi uyancitshiswa.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imithambo yegazi kwi-retina iyaqina kancinci kancinci ize iqine. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba igazi lihambe. Ukuba uxinzelelo luyaqhubeka luphezulu, le mithambo yegazi inokonakala ngakumbi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yimbono.

Zithini izinto ezibangela oku?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ebangela umngcipheko kukunyuka kwegazi ixesha elide. Ukongeza, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko:

• Ukuba nembali yesifo sentliziyo, ingakumbi iimeko ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi ephambili entanyeni (isifo semithambo yegazi ye-carotid).
• Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa icuba.
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ukutyeba kakhulu.
• Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini (prediabetes okanye hyperglycemia).
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-`(Creatinine)` inkunkuma edla ngokuhluzwa zizintso.
• Ukuba nenani elincinci le-`(Albumin)` (uhlobo lweproteni) kumchamo wakho.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-Hypertensive Retinopathy?

Ukuba oku akuphathwanga kakuhle, kunokuvela iingxaki ezininzi:

• Ukubona kuya kuba mandundu kancinci kancinci kwaye kunokukhokelela ekubeni ube yimfama.
• Ukudumba kwe-retina kubizwa ngokuba yi-macular edema.
• Ukunikezelwa kwegazi okwaneleyo kwi-retina nakwi-optic nerve.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina kukwahlukana kwe-retina kwizicubu zayo ezixhasayo.

Kwakhona, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, olubangela i-hypertension retinopathy, lunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye izifo zamehlo. Umzekelo:

• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ye-retinal kukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwi-retina.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal kukuvaleka komthambo okhupha igazi kwi-retina.
• I-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile (umonakalo wamehlo obangelwa sisifo seswekile) iya isiba mandundu.

Ungayiqaphela njani i-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`?

Iingcali zamehlo ngabona baxilonga esi sifo. Ukuze benze oku, benza oku kulandelayo:

• Funda ngembali yakho yezonyango (ingakumbi nokuba unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokuba sele unexesha elingakanani unalo).
• Uvavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo lwenziwa.
• Imifanekiso ye-retina yakho iyathathwa. Iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuskena ezifana ne-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) ziyasetyenziswa koku.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezibonwa ngugqirha?

Usenokungakwazi ukubona iimpawu ze-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` ngokwakho. Kodwa ugqirha wamehlo uza kuzijonga ezi zinto ngexesha lovavanyo. Ezinye zeempawu ezinokubonwa kwi-`(Retina)` zezi:

• Ukuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu (iiArterioles).
• Iindonga zezi `(Arterioles)` ziyaqina.
• Amabala amhlophe, afana namafu (amabala oboya bekotoni).
• IiMicroaneurysms (ezi zimithambo yegazi emincinci evulekileyo) ezibonakala ngathi ngamachaphaza amancinci abomvu.
• Ii-exudates eziqinileyo ngamabala atyheli enziwe ngamafutha kunye neeproteni ezivuza kwimithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo.
• Ukudumba kwentloko ye-optic nerve (i-Papilledema).

Ezinye iimpawu, ezinje ``(iPapilledema),'' zibonakala kuphela xa isifo siba mandundu ngakumbi.

Zithini izigaba ze-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`?

Oogqirha basebenzisa amagama athi "amanqanaba" okanye "amanqanaba" ukuchaza ubunzima besifo. I-retinopathy enesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amane (iBanga loku-1 ukuya kwiBanga lesi-4) ngokusekelwe kubunzima bayo. IBanga loku-1 libonakaliswa ziimpawu ezisisiseko, ezinje ngokuncitshiswa kwee-arterioles. IBanga lesi-4 libonakaliswa kukonakala okukhulu kwi-retina.

Olunye udidi lulwahlulahlula lube ngamanqanaba amathathu: Ubuncinane, Ubuphakathi, kunye Nobubi (eli lelona nqanaba linzima kakhulu). Emva kokuhlola amehlo akho, ugqirha wakho uya kukuchazela ukuba imeko yakho ikweliphi inqanaba kwaye iza kukuchaphazela njani.

Indlela yokunyanga oku?

Injongo ephambili yonyango kukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi.Oku kudla ngokubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunye/okanye amayeza. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.

Ukuthetha ngotshintsho kwindlela yokuphila:

• Ukugcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
• Ukulandela ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo, ingakumbi ukunciphisa ukutya ityuwa, kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Zilolonge rhoqo . Zama ukwenza umthambo onzima ophakathi kangangemizuzu eli-150, njengokuhamba, ngeveki.
• Ukunciphisa utywala.

Ukuba udinga amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi lakho, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwamayeza olufunayo kunye nokuba umele uwathathe kangakanani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha amayeza akho njengoko kuchaziwe kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho.

Ngaba i-Hypertensive Retinopathy inokunyangeka?

Ewe, unako! Ukuthatha unyango lokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunokunceda i-retina yakho iphile. Uphando lubonise ukuba ezinye iimpawu ze-hypertension retinopathy zinokuphucuka ngokuhamba kwexesha ngonyango. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kusenzeka, kwaye kuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko yakho. Ukuba uqala unyango kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba isifo sibe sibi kakhulu, unethuba elingcono lokubuyisela umonakalo kwi-retina yakho.

Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo noogqirha bakho ukuze ulawule uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndinayo le meko?

Ingqikelelo yakho ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubukhali bemeko yakho kunye nokuba ufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Abanye abantu abanalo ulahleko lombono konke konke, kwaye iimpawu ze-hypertension retinopathy ziyaphela xa uxinzelelo lwehlile. Abanye banokuba nolahleko lombono okanye ezinye iingxaki ezifuna unyango olongezelelweyo.

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo kunye nogqirha wosapho banokukuxelela into omawuyilindele ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

I-Hypertensive Retinopathy kunye nomngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, `(i-Hypertensive Retinopathy)` luphawu olulumkisayo lokuba kukho iingxaki ngokuhamba kwegazi kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho. Ezi ngxaki zisenokuba sele zikhona, okanye zinokuvela kwixesha elizayo. Abantu abane-`(i-Hypertensive Retinopathy)` basengozini enkulu yokufumana izifo ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo. Ezi ziquka iingxaki zentliziyo yakho kunye neengxaki zokuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ebuchotsheni (imithambo yeCarotid).

Ngoko ke, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni enze uvavanyo oluthile ukujonga impilo yentliziyo yakho okanye imithambo yegazi ye-carotid. Kuba ukuba i-retina yakho ayifumani gazi laneleyo, ingqondo yakho isenokungabi nagazi laneleyo.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nezi meko. Oku kungabandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, amayeza, kunye nolunye unyango. Kusenokufuneka uthathe amayeza athile ukulawula iimeko zonyango ezikhoyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu, ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.

Ngaba i-Hypertensive Retinopathy ingathintelwa?

Ewe, unokunceda ekuthinteleni le meko ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile:

• Yiya kuxilongwa ngugqirha minyaka le. Ugqirha wakho uza kulinganisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi aze akuxelele iziphumo. Ukwazi ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu linyathelo lokuqala lokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho.
• Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu, ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngeendlela zokulwehlisa luye kwinqanaba elisempilweni. Umzekelo, banokucebisa utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo (njengokutya okunempilo kwentliziyo) okanye ukuzilolonga rhoqo. Banokukunika amayeza.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ukuze ulawule uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Oku kuquka ukusela amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nesicwangciso sakho sonyango okanye ukukwazi kwakho ukusilandela.

Ndingalufuna nini uncedo lwezonyango?

Yiya kuxilongwa ngugqirha minyaka le. Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo , kuquka uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo okunje kunokukunceda ubone iingxaki kwangethuba ngaphambi kokuba zibe nkulu.

Kufuneka ubone ingcali yamehlo rhoqo ukuze ihlolwe amehlo. Uninzi lwabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala kufuneka bahlolwe amehlo ngokupheleleyo rhoqo ngonyaka okanye emibini. Ingcali yakho yamehlo iya kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uye kangaphi, kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yamehlo akho, ubudala bakho, kunye nezinye izinto.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba uneempawu zengxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi, fowunela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni ngoko nangoko. Le yimeko apho uxinzelelo lwegazi luphakama kakhulu ngaphandle kwesilumkiso. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluyi-180/120 mmHg okanye ngaphezulu.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukuba ndindisholo.
• Utshintsho kwimbono.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha.

Ukufumanisa ukuba une-Hypertensive Retinopathy kunokubangela uloyiko. Mhlawumbi ubusazi ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu, kodwa ubungazi ukuba luchaphazela amehlo akho. Okanye mhlawumbi ubungazi ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi aluqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku lixesha lokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuxilongwa kwakho kunye nokuba kuthetha ukuthini kuwe. Sebenzisana nogqirha wakho wamehlo kunye nogqirha wosapho ukuze ufumane unyango olufunayo. Kunye, ninokukhusela umbono wenu kunye nempilo yenu iyonke iminyaka ezayo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

• I-Hypertensive Retinopathy kukonakala kwe-retina yeliso okubangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Amaxesha amaninzi, akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo kwizigaba zokuqala, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo.
• Le meko inokuba luphawu olulumkisayo lweengxaki zemithambo yegazi kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengentliziyo nengqondo.
• Unyango oluphambili kukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, olubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, amayeza.
• Ukuba ifunyenwe kwaye inyangwa kwangethuba, umonakalo ekuboneni ungancitshiswa kwaye mhlawumbi unyangeke ngokupheleleyo.
• Thetha noogqirha bakho uze ulandele imiyalelo yabo ngokuchanekileyo.

Musa ukoyika, funda, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu , ukubona, i-retina, i-retinopathy, isifo sentliziyo, istroke, isifo samehlo, uxinzelelo, i-Hypertensive Retinopathy