Ngaba wakha weva ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, inkqubo esikhusela kwizifo, ngamanye amaxesha isebenza ngokuchasene nathi? Okanye ukuba emva kokuba umntu efumene utyando, njengesintso, umzimba wakhe uzama ukungalamkeli ilungu elitsha? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngodidi olukhethekileyo lwamayeza anikwa ngoogqirha ukulawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela kwiimeko ezinzima kangaka.
Zithini ezi zinto zithintela amajoni omzimba?
Ngamafutshane, la ngamayeza anciphisa okanye acinezela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela. Ngokwesiqhelo, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela ifana nomkhosi okhusela ilizwe. Xa ubona iintshaba zangaphandle, ezifana neentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye neeseli zomhlaza, lo mkhosi uyasilwa kwaye uyasikhusela.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, lo mkhosi wenza impazamo uze uqalise ukuhlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo kunye nezicubu, ucinge ukuba, "Nazi iintshaba." Ngamaxesha anjalo, sinika ezi zixhobo zokunciphisa amasosha omzimba ukuze zithomalalise umkhosi osebenza kakhulu.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ngenxa yokuba la mayeza enza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo oluvela kwiintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya uyanda.
Kuphantsi kweziphi iimeko apho la mayeza asetyenziswa khona?
Oogqirha bacebisa kakhulu la mayeza kwiimeko ezimbini.
1. Kwizifo Ezihlasela Amasosha Omzimba
Le yimeko apho amajoni ethu omzimba esihlasela khona. Xa oku kusenzeka, iiseli ezisempilweni emzimbeni ziyatshatyalaliswa kwaye ukudumba kuqala. La mayeza ayayeka uhlaselo olungafunekiyo lwamajoni omzimba aze alawule iimpawu. La mayeza anokulawula ezinye izifo ngokupheleleyo aze azibuyisele kwimeko entle ngaphandle kweempawu.
Ezinye zezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba ezisetyenziswa kakhulu leli yeza zezi:
- Ukulahleka kweenwele ezingaqhelekanga (i-Alopecia areata)
- Izifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo , ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn kunye ne -ulcerative colitis
- I-Lupus
- I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- I-Psoriasis kunye ne-arthritis ehambelana nayo
- I-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) , eyaziwa ngokuba yi-rheumatoid arthritis
2. Kwi-Organ kunye ne-Stem Cell Transplants
Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntu ufumana ukufakelwa isitho esithile, njengesintso, isibindi, okanye intliziyo. Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibona esi sitho sitsha "njengomntu wasemzini." Ngoko ke icinga ukuba asingowasemzini ize isihlasele, izama ukusalela (ukungamkeli isitho). Ukuthintela oko, oko kukuthi, ukwenza umzimba wamkele isitho esitsha, eli yeza (lokuxinzelela umzimba) liyanikwa.
Ngokufanayo, ii-stem cells zityalwa umhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia kunye ne-thalassemia. Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela evela kwezi seli zintsha inokuhlasela umzimba omdala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- (Graft-versus-host disease - GvHD) . Eli yeza libalulekile ukuthintela le meko.
Ndingalifumana njani eli yeza kwaye ixesha elingakanani?
La mayeza angasetyenziswa njengeepilisi, ulwelo, inaliti, okanye ngemithambo yegazi (IV) . Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, kunokufuneka uwathathe la mayeza kangangeenyanga eziliqela, unyaka, okanye ubomi bakho bonke. Ingakumbi ukuba ukhe wafakelwa amalungu omzimba, kunokufuneka uqhubeke uwathatha la mayeza kangangoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela kona.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-immunosuppressants ezisetyenziswa kakhulu?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zala mayeza. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha amayeza okanye indibaniselwano yamayeza afanelekileyo kuwe.
| Uhlobo lweyeza | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ii-Corticosteroids Umzekelo: iPrednisone | Ezi zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Zilawula ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye nokudumba. |
| I-Biologics Umzekelo: i-Adalimumab, i-Infliximab | Ezi ziveliswa kwilebhu kwaye zijoliswe kwiindawo ezithile zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. |
| Izithinteli zeCalcineurin Umzekelo: iTacrolimus, iCyclosporine | Ithintela i-enzyme evuselela ii-T-cells (uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi) ezilwa nosulelo. |
| Ezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo (Ii-IMDH inhibitors, ii-Janus kinase inhibitors, ii-mTOR inhibitors) | Ezi zilawula izinto ezifana nokukhula kweeseli, ii-enzymes ezivuthayo, kunye nokwanda kweeseli. |
Zithini iingenelo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kunye neengozi zala mayeza?
Nangona la mayeza enika iingenelo zokusindisa ubomi, anokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengozi.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho
La mayeza anamandla kakhulu kwaye anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezahlukeneyo. Ayinguye wonke umntu oza kuzifumana zonke ezi zinto.
- Ukwakheka kwamaqhakuva
- Umngcipheko wokuba nesifo seswekile
- Ukudinwa kakhulu komzimba
- Ukulahleka kweenwele okanye ukukhula okungafunekiyo
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Igazi elonyukayo
- Izilonda zomlomo
- I-Osteoporosis
- Iingxolo
- Ukutyeba kwakho
- Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza
Ukuba ufumana ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi kunesiqhelo, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Usenokukwazi ukutshintsha umthamo okanye akunike elinye iyeza.
Iingozi ezikhethekileyo kunye neengxaki
1. Ukutsiba amayeza
Le yingxaki enzulu kakhulu. Musa ukulibazisa idosi enye yale mithi nangasiphi na isizathu okanye ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Ukuba umntu onesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba wenza oku, esi sifo sinokuba mandundu ngequbuliso. Ukuba umntu oye wafakelwa ilungu elithile lomzimba uyeka ukusebenzisa amayeza, umzimba uya kuqala ukungawamkeli loo malungu.
2. Umngcipheko okhulayo wokosuleleka
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, la mayeza enza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukhuselo lomzimba wakho luyancipha. Oku kukwenza (ube buthathaka kwi-immunocompromised) , oko kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokufumana usulelo olunzima ngokulula kunomntu oqhelekileyo. Imizekelo:
- I-Sepsis (ityhefu yegazi)
- Usulelo lwefungus (umz., i-thrush)
- Usulelo lolusu (i-Cellulitis)
- Izifo zokuphefumla (umz., umkhuhlane, i-pneumonia)
Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndihlale ndisempilweni ngexesha lonyango?
Kule xesha lokunciphisa ngabom amandla omzimba okulwa nomkhuhlane, kufuneka ucinge ngokhuseleko lwakho kunangaphambili.
- Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela usulelo.
- Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokugonywa. Mbuze ukuba zeziphi izitofu ekufuneka uzifumane nezingafanele uzifumane.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okunemifuno ephekiweyo kakuhle, iziqhamo, iinkozo ezipheleleyo kunye neeproteni.
- Lala ngokwaneleyo. Ukulala kakuhle kuxhasa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Ziphephe iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kunye neendawo apho abantu abagulayo bafumaneka khona kangangoko.
Ngaba la mayeza anayo nayiphi na impembelelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo inokwenzeka. Nabani na othatha la mayeza kwaye eceba ukuba nomntwana kufuneka athethe nogqirha wakhe kwangaphambili. Amanye amayeza anokuba yingozi kumntwana osesibelekweni kwaye anokubangela iziphene zokuzalwa. Kwakhona, amanye amayeza awafanelekanga ngexesha lokuncancisa. Ke ngoko, ukuba ugqirha wakho ufuna, unokukutshintshela kumayeza akhuselekileyo afanelekileyo xa ukhulelwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-immunosuppressants ziluhlobo olunamandla kakhulu lwamayeza asetyenziselwa iimeko ezinzima ezifana nezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba kunye nokufakelwa amalungu omzimba.
- Ungaze utsibe idosi okanye utshintshe idosi ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
- Ngenxa yokuba umngcipheko wokosuleleka uyanda xa usebenzisa eli yeza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela amanyathelo okhuseleko afana nokuhlamba izandla rhoqo kunye nokuhlala kude nezigulane ezigulayo.
- Yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko malunga nazo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ozifumanayo.
- Ukuba ukhulelwe umntwana, qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ucwangcise ukukhulelwa.
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