Xa sifumanisa ukuba sinomhlaza, size sithethe ngonyango, sihlala soyika, akunjalo? Ingakumbi ngemiphumo emibi. Kodwa indlela yonyango esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-immunotherapy, yahlukile kancinci kwiindlela zesintu ezifana ne-chemotherapy. Isebenzisa umkhosi wakho, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ukulwa neeseli zomhlaza. Ngoko makhe sijonge olu nyango lumangalisayo kunye nemiphumo emibi enokubakho, ngokulula, ukuze uqonde.
Yintoni unyango lwe-immunotherapy?
Ngamafutshane, unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunyango olusebenzisa inkqubo yokuzikhusela yendalo yomzimba wakho, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, ukufumana nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Cinga ngayo njengomkhosi wamapolisa ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Umsebenzi wabo kukufumana nokutshabalalisa izinto eziyingozi ezifana neentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye neeseli ezingaqhelekanga ezikhula emizimbeni yethu, zisigcina sisempilweni.
Kodwa iiseli zomhlaza luhlobo olunobuqili kakhulu lweseli. Zingazimela kule nkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba zingabanjwa. Kanye njengokuba isela lizimela emapoliseni. Xa sele lifihliwe ngolo hlobo, ziyahlukana ngokukhawuleza, zisasazeke, kwaye zibangele ingxaki enkulu.
Ngoko ke into eyenziwa yi-immunotherapy kukunika inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kunye nokukhuthaza , okwenza ibe namandla okulwa neeseli zomhlaza. Oku kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Iyavuselela inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye iyenze ivelise iiseli ezininzi ezilwa nomhlaza.
- Inceda iiseli zomzimba ezikhoyo ukuba zichonge kwaye zitshabalalise ngokuchanekileyo iiseli zomhlaza ezifihlakeleyo.
Ngenxa yokuba iqinisa inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wakho, unyango lwe-immunotherapy luye lwaba lolona nyango luphumelele kakhulu kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
Kutheni i-immunotherapy ibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
Njengalo naluphi na unyango, unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunokuba nemiphumo emibi. Isizathu soku silula. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, olu nyango lusebenza ngokwandisa amandla omzimba. Ngoko ke, ezi seli zomzimba ezisebenzayo kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha zinokuqala ngempazamo ukuhlasela kungekuphela nje iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa neeseli zakho eziphilileyo .
Khawucinge nje ngayo, kufana nonogada onomdla kakhulu ohlasela ngempazamo omnye wakhe, ecinga ukuba lutshaba.
Olu hlaselo kwizicwili eziphilileyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-'immune-related effect (irAE).' Yile nto ibangela ukudumba kwizicwili eziphilileyo, kwaye uqala ukukuva ngendlela yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezahlukeneyo.
Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
Musa ukoyika oku. Asinguye wonke umntu ofumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kuphela ngabantu abangama-20% abasebenzisa unyango lwe-immunotherapy abanamava alolu hlobo lwe-'irAE'. Kwakhona, uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezenzekayo zilula kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuzilawula.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko malunga naluphi na utshintsho olubonayo emzimbeni wakho, nokuba lukhona ngexesha okanye emva konyango lwe-immunotherapy. Akunamsebenzi nokuba luncinci kangakanani na, kungcono ukuba nolwazi ngalo lonke ixesha.
Usenokuba namathuba amaninzi okuba nemiphumo emibi ukuba uthatha amayeza amaninzi e-immunotherapy ngaxeshanye, okanye ukuba sele unesifo se-autoimmune. Isifo se-autoimmune yimeko apho inkqubo yakho yomzimba ihlasela ngempazamo izicubu zakho ezisempilweni.
Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo?
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaqhelekanga zezi:
- Ukudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu kangangokuba awukwazi ukwenza nantoni na.
- Ukurhawuzelela: Ukurhawuzelela okubomvu nokurhawuzelela eluswini.
- Urhudo: Ukuhamba kwamathumbu.
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza: Ukuziva ugula kwaye uhlanza.
- Ukwehla kwamanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid: Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thyroid gland.
I-immunotherapy ichaphazela njani amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba?
Ekubeni inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ikhusela umzimba wonke, le nkqubo, eqiniswe yi-immunotherapy, inokuchaphazela naliphi na ilungu lomzimba. Nangona uninzi lwezi mpawu zincinci, ezinye zinokuba yingozi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na iimpawu .
Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda, makhe siwahlule la miphumo ngokweenkqubo zomzimba apho inokwenzeka khona.
| Inkqubo/isitho somzimba esinokuchaphazeleka | Iziphumo/iimpawu ezinokubakho |
|---|---|
| Ulusu | Ingafana ne-allergy eluswini. Ingabangela ukuba isikhumba sibe bomvu, sirhawuzelele, sibe namadyungudyungu, sibe nemikrwelo, sibe nezilonda ezibuhlungu, kwaye sibe novakalelo elangeni. |
| Inkqubo yesibindi kunye nesisu | Amanqanaba eeenzyme zesibindi anokwanda. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-hepatitis inokukhula, ibangele ukutyheli kwamehlo, umchamo omnyama, iintlungu zesisu kwicala lasekunene, ukuhlanza, kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wokopha. I-Colitis nayo inokukhula, ibangele urhudo, ilindle eliphuma igazi, kunye nentlungu yesisu. |
| Imiphunga | Amaxesha amaninzi , ukudumba kwemiphunga (i-pneumonitis) kunokwenzeka. Iimpawu ziquka ukukhwehlela, iintlungu esifubeni, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. |
| Inkqubo ye-thyroid kunye ne-Endocrine | Iindlala ezivelisa iihormone zinokuchaphazeleka, ingakumbi indlala yegilo. Kunokubakho ukuveliswa okungaphelelanga kweehormone (hypothyroidism) okanye, kunqabile, ukuveliswa okugqithisileyo (hyperthyroidism) . Iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukulahleka kweenwele, isiyezi, iintloko ezibuhlungu, utshintsho lobunzima, ukubila okugqithisileyo, ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo, kunye nokwanda kwendlala/unxano. |
| Ingqondo kunye neNkqubo yeNervous | Ezi nazo aziqhelekanga. Ukudumba kwengqondo (encephalitis) kunokubangela umkhuhlane, ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, intamo eqinileyo, kunye nokuxhuzula. Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo (neuropathy) kunokubangela ukungaziva, ukurhawuzelelwa, okanye ubuthathaka kwiingalo, imilenze, okanye ubuso. |
| Inkqubo yeNtliziyo kunye neMithambo yeNtliziyo | Ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunokuchaphazeleka. Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia) , ukudumba kwemisipha yentliziyo (i-Myocarditis) , kunye nokudumba kwemithambo yegazi (i-Vasculitis)Iimeko ezinjalo zinokwenzeka rhoqo. |
| Amalunga | I-arthritis inokubangela ukudumba kunye nentlungu yamalungu. |
Ingaba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-immunotherapy?
Ewe, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onokuzifumana zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-immunotherapy olufumanayo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili.
Izithinteli zokujonga amajoni omzimba (ICI)
Olu lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu. La mayeza asebenza ngokuvala 'iimpawu' ezisetyenziswa ziiseli zomhlaza ukufihla kwiiseli zomzimba (ii-T-cells). Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza azisakwazi ukufihla. Iziphumo ezixhaphakileyo zolu hlobo kukudinwa, urhudo, kunye nokudumba kwesikhumba.
Unyango lweeSeli eziThandwayo (unyango lokudluliselwa kweeseli ze-T)
Le yinkqubo enzima ngakumbi. Okwenzayo apha kukuthatha ii-T-cells (iiseli ezilwa nomhlaza) emzimbeni wakho, uzitshintshele kwilebhu, "uziqeqeshe" ukuba zibone ngcono iiseli zomhlaza, uze uzibuyisele emzimbeni wakho.
- Kuhlobo lonyango lwe-CAR T-cell , imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS)' inokwenzeka. Kule meko, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iqala ukusebenza kakhulu ngequbuliso, ibangele iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Kodwa oogqirha bakho bayazi indlela yokulawula le meko.
Ii-Antibodies zeMonoclonal
Ezi ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezenziwe kwilebhu. Zenzelwe ukujolisa nokuhlasela ubuthathaka obuthile kwiiseli zomhlaza. Zinokubangela iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ezifana nomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nezilonda zesikhumba.
Iigonyo zonyango
Ezi zifana nemithi yokugonya esiyifumana ngaphambi kokuba sigule. Kodwa ezi zisetyenziswa emva kokuba umhlaza uvele. Ezi mithi zokugonya "zifundisa" inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba iqaphele kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. Zinokubangela izinto ezifana neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
IiModulators zeNkqubo yoMzimba
La mayeza asebenza ngokutshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ilwe nomhlaza. Amanye amayeza anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokudinwa, umonakalo wemithambo-luvo (neuropathy), kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi.
Ezi ziphumo zimbi ziqala nini kwaye ziphela nini?
Akukho mhla okanye ixesha elichanekileyo lokwenza oku. Unyango lwe-immunotherapy luthatha ixesha ukusebenza. Ke ngoko, kungathatha iinyanga, ngamanye amaxesha nangaphezulu konyaka, ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zivele. Kwakhona, ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zivele emva konyaka emva kokuba unyango luqalile.
Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezexeshana. Kodwa azifane zibe neziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okwethutyana emva kokuba ugqibile unyango. Oku kungenxa yokuba unyango lwe-immunotherapy aluloyeza elisebenza kuphela xa lisemzimbeni wakho. Lenza utshintsho oluhlala ixesha elide kwinkqubo yakho yomzimba.
Ungayilawula njani imiphumo emibi?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na iimpawu ozibonayo, nokuba zincinci kangakanani . Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba zibonakala ziqhelekile kuwe, zinokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesimo esinzima.
Ugqirha wakho angalutshintsha unyango lwakho okanye akunike amanye amayeza okulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngu:
- Unyango luyekiswa okwethutyana kwaye inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela inikwa ixesha "lokuzola" kancinci.
- Amayeza anikwa ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Umzekelo, amayeza anjengee -steroids okanye ii-immunosuppressants .
Ngaba ukubakho kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kuthetha ukuba unyango luphumelele?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuvela kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kungaba luphawu lokuba unyango luwutshabalalisa ngempumelelo umhlaza.
Kodwa lo asingomthetho. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba awunazo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga akuthethi ukuba unyango alusebenzi .
Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngokungabikho kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Eyona ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo kukuvavanya ugqirha wakho.
Ngoko ke zithini iingenelo ze-immunotherapy?
Xa uthetha ngemiphumo emibi, usenokuzibuza, "Ngaba olu nyango lufanelekile?" Kodwa kufuneka siqonde neenzuzo ze-immunotherapy.
- Iyandisa amathuba okuphila ixesha elide kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
- Inceda ekutshabalaliseni iithumba ezinomhlaza kwaye ithintele umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi .
- Ingathintela ukuba umhlaza ungasasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
- Nokuba sele uyekile unyango, amasosha omzimba wakho aqinileyo ayaqhubeka nokulwa neeseli zomhlaza .
- Xa kuthelekiswa nonyango lwendabuko olufana ne-chemotherapy, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-immunotherapy zihlala zingembi kangako .
Ekugqibeleni, unyango lwe-immunotherapy alulonyango oluhambelana nazo zonke iintlobo. Luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza onalo kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zolu nyango uze wenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo kuwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-immunotherapy lunyango lwanamhlanje olusebenzisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa nomhlaza.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zenzeka kuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekhutheleyo ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli ezisempilweni.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu: Xela naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha ozifumanayo, nokuba zincinci kangakanani na, kugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko, ngexesha okanye emva konyango.
- Asinguye wonke umntu ofumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ukungabikho kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga akuthethi ukuba unyango aluphumelelanga.
- Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azinabungozi kwaye zinokulawulwa kakuhle ngugqirha wakho, ngoko ungakhathazeki.
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