Akukho nto intle ngaphezu kokuphupha ngokuba ngumama okanye utata. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kunokuba liba semva kwexesha ukwenza elo phupha lizaliseke. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngetekhnoloji enokuzisa ithemba elitsha kwabo badiniweyo kukungabi namntwana kwaye baye bafumana unyango olwahlukeneyo. Leyo yi-IVF, okanye itekhnoloji yokuchumisa i-in vitro abantu abaninzi abathetha ngayo. Nangona oku kunokubonakala kunzima kancinci, masithethe ngako inyathelo ngenyathelo, ngokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-IVF?
Intsingiselo epheleleyo ye-IVF yi -In Vitro Fertilization . Apha, igama elithi 'In Vitro' lithetha "kwiglasi". Oko kukuthi, sibiza i-IVF njengenkqubo yokuchumisa iqanda elivela kumama kunye nesidoda esivela kutata ngaphandle komzimba, kwilebhu.
Khawucinge nje, ngesiqhelo umntwana ukhulelwa ngokudibana kweqanda kunye nesidoda emzimbeni kamama. Kodwa xa ngesizathu esithile le nkqubo ingenzeki kakuhle emzimbeni, oogqirha benza le nkqubo ngaphandle komzimba, oko kukuthi, kwilebhu, besebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, i-embryo ibuyiselwa esibelekweni sikamama. Ukuba i-embryo ifakwa eludongeni lwesibeleko, ukukhulelwa okuphumelelayo kunokwenzeka. Le yingcamango esisiseko yonyango lwe-IVF.
Ngubani ofuna unyango lwe-IVF?
I-IVF ayiyonto inokwenziwa ngumntu ongenabantwana. Oogqirha bayisebenzisa kuphela xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingaphumelelanga okanye xa kukho iingxaki ezithile zempilo. Makhe sijonge iimeko apho unyango lwe-IVF lunokufaneleka khona.
| Isizathu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuvaleka okanye ukonakala kweetyhubhu zeFallopian | Xa imibhobho ethwala iqanda ukusuka kwisibeleko ukuya kwisibeleko ivaliwe, isidoda asikwazi ukufikelela kwiqanda. Oku akuyongxaki kuba le mibhobho ayisetyenziswa kwi-IVF. |
| Imeko ye-endometriosis | Ukukhula kwezicubu ezifanele ukuba ngaphakathi kwesibeleko ngaphandle kwesibeleko kungonakalisa amalungu omzimba afana namaqanda kunye neetyhubhu ze-fallopian. Le yeyona nto ibangela ukungazali. |
| Iingxaki zesidoda | Ukuba inani lakho lesidoda alikho semgangathweni, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha, okanye uneengxaki ngesimo sesidoda sakho, kunzima ukukhulelwa ngokwendalo. |
| Izifo ze-ovarian ezifana ne-PCOS | Iimeko ezifana nePolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) zinokubangela ukukhutshwa kweqanda ngendlela engaqhelekanga. I-IVF inokunceda ngokulawula ukuvuthwa kweqanda. |
| Ukungafumani bantwana okungachazwanga | Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona zonke iimvavanyo ziqhelekile, umntwana akakhuli. Kwimeko ezinjalo, i-IVF lukhetho olufanelekileyo. |
| Izifo zofuzo | Ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokudlulisela isifo semfuza kumzali omnye ukuya kumntwana, i-embryo inokuvavanywa ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe kwisibeleko kwaye kukhethwe i-embryo ephilileyo. |
| Ukukhula kweminyaka | Njengoko umfazi ekhula, umgangatho wamaqanda akhe uyancipha, nto leyo enciphisa amandla akhe okumitha ngokwendalo. |
Ukongeza, iteknoloji ye-IVF ikwasetyenziswa xa kusetyenziswa umntu onikela ngeqanda okanye umntu oza kukhulelwa.
Isebenza njani inkqubo yonyango lwe-IVF?
Le ayiyonto inokugqitywa ngosuku olunye. Yinkqubo ethatha malunga neeveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 kwaye inamanyathelo aliqela. Masithethe ngayo ngokucacileyo.
1. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Ovarian
Ngokwesiqhelo, umzimba wakho ukhupha iqanda elinye elivuthiweyo ngenyanga. Kodwa kwi-IVF, iqanda elinye alanelanga. Ukufumana amaqanda amaninzi alungileyo navuthiweyo ngaxeshanye kwandisa izinga lempumelelo. Ukuze wenze oku, uya kufumana ii-hormone injections ezininzi yonke imihla kangangeentsuku ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-14.Kufuneka uyifumane. Le naliti ivuselela amaqanda akho, ibangela ukuba amaqanda amaninzi avuthwe ngaxeshanye endaweni yokuba libe linye kuphela.
Ngeli xesha, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga rhoqo.
- Ii-Ultrasound Scans: Ezi scan zilinganisa ubungakanani kunye nenani lee-follicles ezikwii-ovari. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amaqanda avuthiwe kangakanani.
- Uvavanyo lweGazi: Amanqanaba eehomoni ayajongwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umthamo wamayeza kufuneka wonyuswe okanye uncitshiswe.
Akuba amaqanda evuthiwe ngokupheleleyo, kunikwa inaliti yokugqibela. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "Trigger Shot." Oku kwenziwa ukuze kugqitywe ukuvuthwa kokugqibela kwamaqanda kwaye kulungiselelwe ukukhululwa kwi-ovary. Emva kweeyure ezingama-36 emva kolu tyando, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumana iqanda.
2. Ukufunyanwa kwamaqanda
Oku kufana notyando oluncinci. Kodwa akukho nto yokoyika kakhulu. Kwenziwa phantsi konyango oluthambileyo, ukuze ungabi nantlungu.
Ugqirha ufaka inaliti encinci kakhulu kwisibeleko nge-vagina ngoncedo lomatshini we-ultrasound. Emva koko, esebenzisa isixhobo sokufunxa esiqhotyoshelwe kwinaliti, amaqanda avuthiweyo asuswa ngononophelo ngalinye ngalinye. Amaqanda aqokelelwe ngale ndlela afakwa kwisitya esinolwelo olukhethekileyo aze abekwe kwi-incubator kubushushu obufunekayo ukuze kuphuhliswe umbungu.
3. Ukuchumisa
Ngomhla omnye wokuthathwa kweqanda, isampuli yesidoda ithathwa kwiqabane lakho. Emva koko, ingcali ye-embryologist ekwilebhu idibanisa amaqanda avuthiweyo afunyenweyo kunye nesidoda aze avumele ukuba atyandwe.
Amaxesha amaninzi, kusetyenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi -ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) . Okwenziwayo apha kukukhetha isidoda esifanelekileyo size sifakwe ngqo eqandeni ngenaliti encinci kakhulu. Oku kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuchumisa.
Ngokwesiqhelo, malunga nama-70% amaqanda avuthiweyo afunyenweyo avundiswa ngempumelelo. Umzekelo, ukuba amaqanda ali-10 afunyenwe, malunga nama-7 anokukhula abe ziimbumba.
4. Uphuhliso lwe-Embryo
Emva kokuchumisa, la maqanda ajongwa ngononophelo kwilebhu kangangeentsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6. Ngeli xesha, iiseli ze-embryo ziyahlukana kwaye zikhule. Ayizizo zonke ii-embryo ezikhula zifikelele kweli nqanaba. Ngokwesiqhelo, malunga ne-50% kuphela yee-embryo ezichumisiweyo ezifikelela kwinqanaba le-blastocyst , elifanelekileyo lokufakelwa kwisibeleko. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba kudalwa ii-embryo ezi-7, zi-3 okanye ezi-4 kuphela eziya kukhula kakuhle.
5. Ukudluliselwa kwe-Embryo
Eli linyathelo lokugqibela nelibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-IVF. Ayibuhlungu. Yinkqubo elula, njengokwenza uvavanyo lwePap.
Ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci kakhulu (i-catheter) ngesibeleko aze adlulisele i-embryo okanye ii-embryos ezilungileyo ezikhethiweyo kwangaphambili kwisibeleko. Oku kuthatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-10.
Kubalulekile: Ngokwesiqhelo kudluliselwa i-embryo enye okanye ubuninzi bee-embryo ezimbini. Ukuba kudluliselwa ii-embryo ezingaphezulu, umngcipheko wokuba namawele okanye amawele amathathu uyanda. Naziphi na ii-embryo eziseleyo ezikwimeko entle zinokukhenkcezwa ukuze zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo.
Emva koko okuseleyo kukulinda ngomonde. Ukuba i-embryo efakwe kwi-uterine inamathele ngempumelelo eludongeni lwesibeleko (ukufakelwa), kuya kubakho ukukhulelwa. Ukuqinisekisa oku, uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa phakathi kweentsuku ezili-9 ukuya kwezili-14.
Ziziphi iingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango lwe-IVF?
I-IVF idla ngokuba lunyango olukhuselekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iingozi ezithile kunye nemiphumo emibi enokubakho. Kubalulekile ukuba uzazi.
| Ingozi/imiphumo emibi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukuzalwa Kwabantwana Abaninzi | Ukuba kudluliselwe ngaphezu kwesinye isibeleko, amathuba okuba namawele ayanda. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha. |
| I-Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) | Imeko engaqhelekanga ebangelwa ziihomoni ezinikwa ukuvuselela ama-ovari. Iimpawu ziquka ukudumba, isicaphucaphu, kunye nentlungu yesisu. Ukuba inzima kakhulu, kunokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele. |
| Ukuphuma kwesisu | Kukho umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu ngokukhulelwa kwendalo kunye ne-IVF. Oku kunokwanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. |
| Ukukhulelwa kwe-Ectopic | Ukufakelwa kwe-embryo ngaphandle kwesibeleko, ngesiqhelo kwi-fallopian tube. Le yimeko eyingozi. |
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | Inaliti inokubangela isicaphucaphu, intloko ebuhlungu, ubuthathaka, iintlungu zesisu ezingephi, iintlungu zebele, kunye nokudumba kwindawo efakwe kuyo inaliti. Ezi zinto azidli ngokuba zimbi kakhulu. |
Le nkqubo yonyango inokuba yinto edinisayo kakhulu, emzimbeni nasengqondweni . Iimvakalelo ezinje ngethemba, usizi, kunye noxinzelelo zinokuvela rhoqo. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha kakhulu neqabane lakho ngeli xesha, ufumane inkxaso kubantu obathandayo, kwaye ufune iingcebiso ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Iphumelela kangakanani unyango lwe-IVF?
Lo ngumbuzo omkhulu engqondweni yomntu wonke. Izinga lempumelelo ye-IVF liyahluka kumntu nomntu. Eyona nto iphambili echaphazela le ngxaki bubudala bomfazi .
- Izinga lempumelelo liphezulu kubasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala (ngesiqhelo malunga ne-40% - 50%).
- Eli phesenti liyehla kancinci kancinci phakathi kweminyaka engama-35 nama-40 ubudala .
- Emva kweminyaka engama-40, izinga lempumelelo liyancipha kakhulu.
Ukongeza kwiminyaka, izinto ezifana nesizathu sokungazali, indlela yokuphila (ukutshaya, ubunzima), inani lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili, kunye nomgangatho weklinikhi yonyango nazo zichaphazela impumelelo.
Ungakhathazeki ukuba umjikelo omnye we-IVF awuphumelelanga. Abantu abaninzi kufuneka bazame imijikelo emininzi ukuze bafumane iziphumo eziphumelelayo.
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngaphambi nasemva konyango
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise unyango lwe-IVF, wena neqabane lakho kuya kufuneka nivavanywe izihlandlo ezininzi. Ezi ziquka uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lwe-pelvic, kunye novavanyo lwesidoda. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba uqale ukuthatha iivithamini, ezifana ne-folic acid.
Emva konyango, ingakumbi emva kokudluliselwa kwe-embryo, kungcono ukuphepha imisebenzi enzima kunye nokuphakamisa izinto ezinzima. Kodwa akufuneki ukuba uhlale ebhedini ngokupheleleyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-IVF yindlela yokunyanga apho i-embryo eyenziwe ngokuhlanganisa iqanda kunye nesidoda ngaphandle komzimba ifakwa kwakhona esibelekweni.
- Oku akwenzelwa wonke umntu. Kungcono kwabo banezizathu ezithile, ezinje ngemibhobho ye-fallopian evalekileyo okanye iingxaki zesidoda.
- Eyona nto iphambili echaphazela impumelelo yiminyaka yabasetyhini . Okukhona beselula, kokukhona amathuba okuphumelela esanda.
- Le nkqubo inokuba nzima emzimbeni nasengqondweni, ngoko ke yikhathalele kakhulu impilo yakho yengqondo.
- Musa ukuphelelwa lithemba ukuba awuphumeleli kwisilingo sakho sokuqala. Abantu abaninzi kufuneka bazame amaxesha amaninzi.
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, zive ukhululekile ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho .
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