Yintoni i-DNA? (i-Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Makhe sithethe ngale nto incinci, inamandla!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba umbala weenwele zakho, umbala wamehlo akho, ubude bakho, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha neziphiwo zakho zimiselwa njani? Abanye abantu baneenwele ezimnyama, abanye baneenwele ezimdaka. Abanye bade kakhulu, abanye bamfutshane. Kukho into encinci kakhulu, kodwa enamandla kakhulu, kwiseli nganye yomzimba wethu enoxanduva lwazo zonke ezi zinto. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngaloo nto imangalisayo. Yiyo leyo i-DNA.

Yintoni kanye kanye iDNA (iDeoxyribonucleic Acid)?

Usenokuba ukhe waliva igama elithi DNA. Usenokuba ukhe waliva kwiimuvi, kwiinkqubo zeTV, okanye nasesikolweni. I-DNA sisifinyezo segama elide elithi `Deoxyribonucleic Acid` . Ngamafutshane, i-DNA yindawo yokugcina 'ulwazi lwemfuza' emizimbeni yethu. Khawucinge ukuba uza kwakha indlu entle. Ngenxa yoko, udinga iplani, oko kukuthi, isicwangciso sendlu, akunjalo? Inazo zonke iinkcukacha ezifana nokuba amagumbi aphi, apho iingcango neefestile zikhoyo, apho ikhitshi likhoyo. Yiyo loo nto i-DNA injalo. Isicwangciso esipheleleyo kunye nemiyalelo yophuhliso lwemizimba yethu, oko kukuthi, amalungu ethu, amehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, intliziyo, kunye nengqondo, zifumaneka kule DNA. Unguloo nto uyiyo, kwaye iimpawu zakho ezizodwa kunye nobuchule bakho bunikwa ngokolwazi olukule DNA. Ke ngoko, i-DNA ifana 'negumbi lokulawula eliphambili' lomzimba wethu.

Injani i-DNA ngokwenene?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba le DNA ibalulekileyo ijongeka njani ngokwenene. Asinto enokubonwa ngamehlo ethu. Kuphela xa siyijonga ngemakroskopu enamandla kakhulu, ekhethekileyo apho sinokubona khona imilo yeDNA. Xa uyijonga ngaloo ndlela, iDNA ijongeka njengeleli ejijekileyo . Ngaba wakha wayibona ileli? Ineentsika ezimbini kwicala ngalinye, kunye nothotho lwamanyathelo ahamba kuyo. I-DNA inesakhiwo esifanayo. Amanyathelo ale leli enziwe ziintlobo ezine ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali. Ezi khemikhali sizibiza ngokuba ziinucleotides . Ezi nucleotides zidibene ukuze zenze amanyathelo eleli. Ulwazi olukwiDNA lumiselwa yindlela ezi ntlobo zine zeenucleotides ezidibene ngayo. Njengoonobumba bolwimi lwekhompyutha, 'ikhowudi yethu yemfuza' ibhalwa ngokudibanisa ezi nucleotides.

Ngoko ke zithini "iigenes"?

Xa sithetha nge-DNA, enye into ekufuneka sithethe ngayo ngokuqinisekileyo yi-"Genes." Umele ukuba ukhe weva igama elithi "genes," akunjalo? Siva amabali anje, "Unesifo ngenxa ye-genes yakhe," okanye "Italente yakhe yinto evela kwi-genes yakhe."

Ngoko ke, zithini ii-genes? Ngamafutshane, ii-genes zii-DNA sequences esithethe ngazo ngaphambili, iindawo ezithile ze-DNA ezenziwe ngee-nucleotides. Cinga nge-DNA njengencwadi enkulu, kwaye ii-genes zifana nezahluko kuloo ncwadi. I-gene nganye iqulethe ulwazi olufunekayo ukwenza umsebenzi othile.

Umzekelo, umbala weenwele zakho (mnyama, mdaka, mdaka?), umbala wamehlo akho (luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, luhlaza, mdaka?), ubude bakho, kunye nombala wolusu lwakho konke kuxhomekeke kulwazi olukwezi jini. Ijini enye inokulawula uphawu olunye okanye ngaphezulu. Kwakhona, iijini ezingaphezu kwesinye zinokuba negalelo kuphawu olunye. Le yinkqubo enzima kakhulu, kodwa iyamangalisa.

Iphi le DNA ixabisekileyo? Masifunde nangeekhromosomu!

Ngoku ekubeni usazi ukuba yintoni iDNA kwaye zeziphi iigenes, umbuzo olandelayo oza engqondweni ngowokuba iphi emzimbeni wethu le DNA ixabisekileyo echaphazela ubomi bethu bonke?

I-DNA ayisasazeki nje emzimbeni wonke. Ipakishwe kakuhle kwaye ikhuselekile. I-DNA igcinwa kwizakhiwo ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi -'Chromosomes' . Ezi chromosomes zikwi-nucleus yeseli nganye emzimbeni wethu. Umzimba wethu wenziwe zizigidi zeeseli. Ngoko ke nganye kwezo seli inazo ezi 'Chromosomes', oko kuthetha i-DNA. Cinga nge 'Chromosomes' njengoluhlu lweeshelufu zeencwadi. Iincwadi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-DNA zipakishwe kakuhle kwezo shelufu.

Njengabantu, sidla ngokuba nee-chromosomes ezingama-23. Zii-chromosomes ezingama-46 xa zizonke. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ngale nto yindlela esizifumana ngayo ezi chromosomes. Sifumana ii-chromosomes ezingama-23 kumama wethu kunye nezingama-23 kutata wethu. Yiyo loo nto sonke sibonisa iimpawu kumama notata wethu.

Mhlawumbi uqaphele ukuba ngamanye amaxesha abantu bathi, 'Mama, khangela impumlo yalo mntwana,' okanye 'Unamehlo afana nonina, ngaphandle kokuba umlomo wakhe unqunyulwe.' Ngamanye amaxesha, kwanendlela ancuma ngayo nathetha ngayo ifana nabazali bakhe. Isizathu salo lonke olu lwazi lukwiDNA, oluvela kwiijini ('iiGenes') ezifunyenwe kumama notata. Le yindlela iimpawu ezidluliselwa ngayo ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye.

Yintoni eyona nto ibaluleke ngayo i-DNA?

Okwangoku, mhlawumbi sele unolwazi oluhle ngokubaluleka okukhulu kwe-DNA. I-DNA ayisiyonto nje yeekhemikhali. Yindlela esisiseko yobomi.

1. Ukuchonga ubuwena bethu: Sonke sahlukile. Inkangeleko yethu, izakhono zethu, kwanezinye zeempawu zethu zixhomekeke kulwazi olukule DNA. Ubuwena obukwiDNA yakho bukwenza ube ngokhethekileyo phakathi kwezigidigidi zabantu emhlabeni.

2. Ukukhula komzimba kunye nokusebenza kwawo: I-DNA inika imiyalelo yeseli nganye, izicwili, kunye namalungu omzimba wethu ukuze akhule ngokufanelekileyo kwaye enze imisebenzi yawo ngokufanelekileyo. Njengokuba umpheki elungiselela ukutya ngokusekelwe kwiresiphi, iiseli zethu zisebenza ngokwemiyalelo ekwi-DNA.

3. Iimpawu zelifa:Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngaphambili, iimpawu zidluliselwa ebantwaneni zisuka kubazali ngeDNA. Yile nto idala ukufana kwiintsapho kunye nendlela ubomi obuhamba ngayo ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye.

4. Igalelo ekuphuculeni isayensi yezonyango: Ukuqonda i-DNA kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwisayensi yezonyango namhlanje.

• Ukufunyanwa kweSifo seMfuzo: Ezinye izifo (umzekelo, iThalassemia, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza) zibangelwa lutshintsho oluthile (utshintsho) kwi-DNA okanye kwi-genes. Uvavanyo lwe-DNA lwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukufumanisa ezo zifo kwangethuba, ukuzinyanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zithintele ukuba zingabikho.
• Unyango Olulungiselelwe Umntu: Asingomntu wonke ofanayo. Ngoku kunokwenzeka ukufunda ipateni ye-DNA yomntu nokufumanisa ukuba leliphi iyeza elilungele loo mntu, leliphi elisebenzayo, nelingenazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Olu luphuculo olukhulu kwezonyango.
• Isayensi yezenzululwazi: Itekhnoloji ye-DNA isetyenziselwa ukuchonga abaphuli-mthetho ngokuhlola iisampulu ze-DNA (ezifana neenwele, amathe) ezifunyenwe kwiindawo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Usenokuba ukhe wayibona kwiimuvi.

Ngoko ke ungabona, i-DNA yinto enamandla kakhulu, emangalisayo edibene phantse nayo yonke into ebomini bethu.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe ngezinto ezininzi nge-DNA namhlanje, akunjalo? Kunokuba nzima kuwe ukukhumbula konke oku ngaxeshanye. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Masiphinde sixoxe ngezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo.

• I-DNA 'licebo lobomi' okanye 'imiyalelo' emizimbeni yethu. Ifana nomzobo wendlu.
• Le DNA imisela iimpawu ezininzi, ezifana nenkangeleko yakho, ubude, umbala wamehlo, kunye nombala weenwele.
• I-DNA ifana neleli ejikajikayo .
• Sibiza iindawo ezithile ze-DNA ngokuthi "iigenes" . Ezi genes zilawula iimpawu ezithile.
• I-DNA igcinwa kwizakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-chromosomes, ezifumaneka kuzo zonke iiseli zethu.
• Sifumana isiqingatha seekhromosomu zethu kumama wethu nesiqingatha kutata wethu. Yiyo loo nto sifana nabazali bethu bobabini.
• Ukuqonda i-DNA kubaluleke kakhulu kunyango nakubomi bethu.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ufunde into elula necacileyo ngale sihloko simangalisayo nesintsonkothileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-DNA. Sisihloko esibanzi kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba uyayiqonda ingcamango esisiseko, kulungile oko. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda okungakumbi ngale nto, ngokuqinisekileyo yihlolisise. Kuba, ayifanelekanga na ukufunda ngathi?

I- DNA, i-Deoxyribonucleic Acid, iiGenes, iiChromosomes, ulwazi lweGenetic