Yintoni igazi? (Igazi) Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula!

Ngaba wakha waba nenxeba elincinci waza wabona ithontsi okanye amabini egazi elibomvu liphuma kulo? Mhlawumbi kuxa usika isandla sakho ngephepha. Sonke siyazi ukuba igazi yinto ebomvu. Kodwa, yintoni kanye kanye le gazi? Lidlala yiphi indima eli gazi emizimbeni yethu? Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, njengokuthetha nomhlobo.

Yintoni igazi kwaye kutheni libaluleke kangaka kuthi?

Ngamafutshane, igazi libalulekile ukuze siphile. Lifana nepetroli yemoto, igazi lomzimba wethu. Ligazi elithwala izinto ekufuneka zisebenze yonke inxalenye yomzimba wethu, oko kukuthi, yonke iseli kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Cinga ngalo njengenkonzo yelori ehambisa iimpahla kulo lonke isixeko.

• Ihambisa ioksijini: Xa siphefumla, ioksijini engena emiphungeni yethu ithwalwa ligazi ukuya kwiiseli emzimbeni wethu wonke. Ngaphandle kwale oksijini, iiseli zethu azinakuphila.
• Inika isondlo: Izondlo , ezifana neglucose, ezigaywayo nezifunxwa kukutya esikutyayo zisasazwa emzimbeni wonke ngegazi. Ezi zezona zinika iiseli zethu amandla.
• Ukususa inkunkuma: Igazi lithwala inkunkuma ( efana nekhabhoni dayoksayidi) eveliswa ziiseli zethu liyise emiphungeni, apho siyikhupha khona. Igazi likwanceda ekususeni eminye inkunkuma emzimbeni ngamalungu anjengezintso nesibindi.
• Ikhusela kwizifo: Kukho iiseli ezikhethekileyo egazini ezilwa neentsholongwane, ezinje ngeebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, ezingena emizimbeni yethu zize zisikhusele kwiintsholongwane . Kufana nomkhosi wokhuselo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu.
• Iihormone zithwala imiyalezo: Iihormone zizithunywa zeekhemikhali ezilawula yonke imisebenzi emzimbeni wethu. Ezi hormone zithwalwa ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye egazini.
• Ilawula ubushushu bomzimba: Igazi likwanceda ekugcineni ubushushu bomzimba wethu.
• Iyayeka ukopha xa yenzakele: Igazi linokulawula ukopha ngokuthintela ukopha okugqithisileyo nokuba linxeba elincinci, ngokubangela ukuba igazi lijiye (ukujiya kwegazi) .

Uyabona, igazi alilolwelo nje olubomvu, liyinto entsonkothileyo nemangalisayo exhasa ubomi bemizimba yethu!

Lenziwe ngantoni igazi?

Masibone ukuba zeziphi izinto ezenza le nto imangalisayo, igazi. Zimbini iinxalenye eziphambili zegazi.

1. Iplasma - Le yinxalenye yolwelo.

2. Iiseli zegazi - Ezi ziintlobo zeeseli ezidada kwi-plasma.

Yintoni iPlasma?

Khawucinge nje, ukuba igazi lifana nesaladi yeziqhamo, ngoko ke iplasmaKufana nesiraphu ehambisa iziqwenga zeziqhamo kuloo saladi. Kodwa olu lulwelo olumthubi. Yi-55% kuphela yegazi lethu eliyiplasma .

I-plasma yenziwe ngamanzi ikakhulu. Kodwa ayingomanzi kuphela, ikwanazo nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

• Iiproteni: Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeproteni, ezifana ne-albumin, i-globulin, kunye ne-fibrinogen. Ezi zinceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuvelisa ii-antibodies ezilwa nezifo, kunye nokunceda ukujiya kwegazi.
• Izakhamzimba: Izinto ezifana neglucose, ii-amino acids, iivithamini, kunye nee-fatty acids esithethe ngazo ngaphambili zithuthwa ziye kwiiseli ngeplasma.
• IiHormone: Iihomoni ezilawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emzimbeni wethu ziyanyibilika kule plasma.
• Ii-Electrolytes: Iityuwa ezifana ne-sodium, i-potassium, kunye ne-calcium. Ezi zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kunye nokusebenza kwemisipha.
• Inkunkuma: Iimveliso zenkunkuma ezifana ne-urea ezikhutshwa kwiiseli nazo zithwalwa ziyiswe kwizintso ngeplasma.

Ngoko ke, i-plasma ayilulo nje ulwelo, kodwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuthutha imizimba yethu, ukubonelela ngesondlo, ukulahla inkunkuma, kunye nenkqubo yokuzikhusela.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeeseli zegazi?

Ngoku masithethe ngeeseli zegazi ezidada kulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yiplasma. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezi seli zegazi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othile.

1. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu / ii-Erythrocytes - Iiseli ezizisa ubomi emizimbeni yethu!

Ezi zezona ntlobo zeeseli zininzi egazini lethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zezona zinika igazi umbala obomvu. Ezi seli zincinci kakhulu, ziidiski ze-biconcave. Zicinge njengedonathi encinci, kodwa endaweni yomngxuma osembindini, kukho umngxuma osembindini.

• Umsebenzi ophambili: Iproteni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi -``Hemoglobin``` kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ivumela ezi seli ukuba zithwale ioksijini . Ioksijini esiyithathayo emiphungeni ibophelela kwi-hemoglobin kwaye ithwalwa ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ukuya kuzo zonke ezinye iiseli emzimbeni. Zikwanceda ekubuyiseleni inxalenye yekhabhoni diokside eveliswa kwiiseli emiphungeni.
• Ubude bobomi: Iseli enye ebomvu yegazi iphila malunga neentsuku ezili-120 . Emva koko, ziyatshatyalaliswa esibindini nasespleen, kwaye kuveliswa iiseli ezintsha.
• Zenziwa phi?: Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zenziwa kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu amakhulu.
• Iingxaki: Ukuba inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi liyancipha, okanye ukuba inani le-hemoglobin liyancipha, imizimba yethu ayifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-'Anemia' . Emva koko iimpawu ezinje ngokudinwa, ukuphaphatheka, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla zinokubakho.

2. Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe / iiLeukocytes - Amajoni okhuselo lomzimba!

Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zezona majoni aphambili kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba . Zinkulu kuneeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kodwa inani lazo egazini liphantsi kuneleeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

• Umsebenzi oPhambili: Umsebenzi oPhambili wezi seli kukulwa nokutshabalalisa iintsholongwane (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iifungi, iiparasite) ezingena emizimbeni yethu, kwaye zisikhusele kwizifo . Zikwanceda ekuchongeni nasekutshabalaliseni iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana neeseli zomhlaza.
• Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo: Akukho hlobo lunye lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Njengokuba kukho iiregimenti ezahlukeneyo emkhosini, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othile:
• Ii-neutrophils: Ezi zezona ntlobo zininzi zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Zilwa kakhulu nosulelo lweebhaktheriya.
• Iilymphocytes: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zee-lymphocytes, ii-B-cells kunye nee-T-cells. Ii-B-cells zivelisa ii-antibodies . Ezi antibodies ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezinceda ekuqapheleni nasekuhlaseleni iintsholongwane. Ii-T-cells zitshabalalisa ngokuthe ngqo iiseli ezisulelekileyo kwaye zilawule ezinye iiseli zomzimba.
• IiMonocytes: Ezi zezona zinkulu kwiiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Xa zisuka egazini zisiya kwizicubu, ziba ziiseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-macrophages, ezithi "ziginye" zize zicoce iintsholongwane, iiseli ezifileyo, kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo.
• Ii-Eosinophils: Ezi zilwa kakhulu nosulelo olubangelwa zizinambuzane. Zinokubonwa nakwii-allergy reactions.
• IiBasophils: Ezi zezona ntlobo zincinci zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Zikhupha iikhemikhali ezifana ne-histamine xa kukho i-allergy.
• Ziveliswa phi?: Ezi seli zegazi ezimhlophe ziveliswa ikakhulu kumongo wethambo. Ezinye iintlobo, ezinje ngee-lymphocytes, nazo zikhula kwiindawo ezifana nee-lymph nodes.
• Iingxaki: Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi eliphezulu okanye eliphantsi ngokungaqhelekanga linokubonisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Umzekelo, usulelo lunokubangela ukwanda kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. I-leukemia ngumhlaza weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.

3. Iiplatelets / iiThrombocytes - Amaqhawe amancinci ayeka ukopha!

Iiplatelets azizo iiseli ezipheleleyo ngokwenene. Ziziqwenga ezincinci kakhulu zeeseli eziqhekeka kwiiseli ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-megakaryocytes ezikumongo wethambo. Azina-nucleus.

• Umsebenzi ophambili: Ukuba sifumana inxeba kwindawo ethile emzimbeni wethu kwaye umthambo wegazi waphuka, oko kunceda ekumiseni ukopha.Lo ngumsebenzi ophambili wezi platelets zegazi. Zifika kwindawo yokwenzakala zize zihlangane zenze "iplagi" enamathelayo. Emva koko zidibana neproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-fibrinogen kwi-plasma ukuze zenze ihlwili legazi, nto leyo ethintela ngokupheleleyo ukopha.
• Ziveliswa phi?: Ezi ziveliswa nakwithambo lomongo.
• Iingxaki: Ukuba inani leeplatelet zegazi liyancipha (le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Thrombocytopenia'), ukujiya kwegazi kunokulibaziseka. Emva koko, nokuba linxeba elincinci kunokuba nzima ukuyeka ukopha, kwaye ulusu lunokukrweleka lula. Usenokuba uvile ukuba eli nani leeplatelet zegazi liyancipha kwizifo ezifana ne-dengue. Kwakhona, ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kwinani leeplatelet okanye ukusebenza kwazo okungaqhelekanga kunokukhokelela ekudalweni kwamahlwili egazi angeyomfuneko ('Thrombosis').

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba igazi alilolwelo olubomvu nje kuphela, kodwa zininzi izinto ezintsonkothileyo nezimangalisayo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kulo.

Kutheni igazi libomvu?

Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Njengoko sele sixoxile, igazi libomvu ngenxa yeproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi . Le hemoglobin ine-iron. Xa i-hemoglobin ibopha kwi-oxygen (oxyhemoglobin), ifumana umbala obomvu omnyama. Oku sihlala sikubona egazini kwimithambo yegazi. Igazi elikwimithambo yegazi, eline-oxygen encinci (deoxyhemoglobin), lifumana umbala obomvu onsundu kancinci, omfusa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izilwanyana zinegazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye eliluhlaza, kuba igazi lazo lineekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ezithwala i-oxygen. Igazi lethu libomvu ngenxa ye-hemoglobin!

Ngaba sonke sinohlobo olufanayo lwegazi? Masifunde kancinci malunga nohlobo lwegazi.

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva amabali afana nokuthi “Uhlobo lwegazi lam lune-B ​​positive” kunye nokuthi “Ilanga lifuna igazi eli-O negative.” Oko kuthetha ukuba igazi lomntu wonke alifani. Kukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi -‘blood groups’ .

Ezi ntlobo zegazi zichongwa ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi -'Antigens' kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Iinkqubo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zeentlobo zegazi zezi:

1. Inkqubo ye-ABO: Ngoko ke, kukho iintlobo ezine zegazi: u-A, u-B, u-AB, kunye no-O.

2. Inkqubo ye-Rh: Ngoko ke, kukho iintlobo ezimbini: i-Rh positive (ine-Rh factor) kunye ne-Rh negative (ayinayo i-Rh factor).

Sidla ngokubiza uhlobo lwegazi ngokudibanisa zombini iinkqubo ze-ABO kunye ne-Rh (umz., i-A positive, i-O negative).

Kutheni le nto ezi ntlobo zegazi zibalulekile?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba xa unika umntu igazi , kufuneka unike uhlobo lwegazi oluhambelanayo. Ukuba unika uhlobo lwegazi olungahambelaniyo, impendulo eyingozi (`Transfusion reaction`) inokwenzeka emzimbeni womntu ofumana igazi kwaye inokuba yingozi nakubomi. Yiyo loo nto, nokuba unikela ngegazi okanye ufumana igazi, uhlobo lwegazi lwaziwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye luhambelana.

Singenza ntoni ukuze sigcine igazi lethu lisempilweni?

Ukugcina igazi lisempilweni, nto leyo edlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu, kubaluleke kakhulu. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula esinokuzenza ukunceda:

• Ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo: Kufuneka utye ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-iron (imifuno eluhlaza, inyama ebomvu, iimbotyi), i-folic acid, kunye ne-vitamin B12 (ezi zibalulekile ekwakhiweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi). Qiniseka ukuba ubandakanya imifuno neziqhamo ezintsha ekutyeni kwakho.
• Sela amanzi aneleyo: Igazi ikakhulu ngamanzi (iplasma). Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yempilo yegazi.
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Ukuzilolonga kuphucula isantya sentliziyo kunye nokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya nokusela utywala kakhulu: Le mikhwa iyingozi egazini nakwimpilo iyonke.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango: Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olufana nokubalwa kwegazi elipheleleyo (FBC) lunokunceda ekufumaneni naziphi na iingxaki zegazi kwangethuba.

Khumbula, indlela yokuphila esempilweni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yegazi esempilweni!

Isishwankathelo: Izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngegazi namhlanje, akunjalo?

Ngamafutshane, igazi yinto egcina ubomi ethwala ioksijini kunye nezondlo kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu, isusa inkunkuma , isikhusele kwizifo , kwaye yenza neminye imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo.

Igazi lenziwe ziiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi -'Red Blood Cells' , 'White Blood Cells' , kunye ne -'Platelets', ezidada kulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Plasma' . Iseli nganye kwezi inomsebenzi othile.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala sisitya kakuhle, sizilolonge, kwaye siziphephe imikhwa emibi ukuze sigcine impilo yegazi lethu isempilweni.

Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga negazi lakho, ungathandabuzi ukubonana nogqirha. Ukuqaphela umzimba wakho yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphila ubomi obusempilweni.

Uyivile? Ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda ngcono le nto ingaqhelekanga ibomvu edlula emzimbeni wakho!

Igazi , iPlasma, iiSeli eziBomvu zeGazi, iiSeli ezimhlophe zeGazi, iiPlatelets, iHemoglobin, amaqela eGazi