Ingaba isisu somntwana wakho siya sikhula kwaye amalungu omzimba aya esiba mancinci? Masifunde ngale nto (Kwashiorkor)?

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko eyingozi enokuthi ivele kubantwana bethu abancinci, kodwa sisenokungayazi ngokupheleleyo loo nto. Ngamanye amaxesha xa sibona umntwana onesisu esikhulu namalungu abuthathaka, sicinga ukuba kukho into engalunganga. Kodwa oku kusenokuba kukungabikho kokutya okunzulu okubizwa ngokuba yi- (Kwashiorkor) . Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.

Yintoni iKwashiorkor? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, iKwashiorkor yimeko ebangelwa kukunqongophala okukhulu kweproteni . Iiproteni zibalulekile ekukhuleni kwemizimba yethu, ingakumbi abantwana abancinci. Ngoko ke, iKwashiorkor yenzeka xa umzimba ungafumani ubungakanani obufunekayo beproteni kunye nezinye izondlo ezibalulekileyo.

Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba xa kungekho protein yaneleyo, izicubu zomzimba ziqokelela amanzi zize zidumbe. Siyibiza ngokuba yi -'(edema)' kumayeza. Oku kudumba luphawu oluphambili oluhlula iKwashiorkor kwezinye iimeko zokungondleki. Ungabona ukuba amalungu omntwana abhityile, kodwa izandla, imilenze, ubuso, ingakumbi isisu sidumbile. Ebona eso sisu sidumbileyo, ngamanye amaxesha umntu ongaziyo unokucinga ukuba umntwana utye kakuhle kwaye utyebile. Kodwa eneneni, unengxaki yokungondleki kakuhle .

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko (Kwashiorkor)?

I-Kwashiorkor yimeko engafane ibonwe kumazwe aphuhlileyo, afana neYurophu neMelika. Ixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe asaphuhlayo. Umngcipheko uphezulu kumazwe apho ubuhlwempu, ukunqongophala kokutya, ucoceko olungekho mgangathweni, kunye nokusasazeka kwezifo ezosulelayo kuxhaphake kakhulu.

Nangona iKwashiorkor inokuchaphazela nabani na walo naluphi na ubudala, idla ngokuchaphazela abantwana abancinci, ingakumbi abo baphakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ne-5 ubudala. Eli lixesha apho uninzi lwabantwana lukhunyulwa ubisi lwebele baze banikwe ukutya okunye. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukutya abakunikwayo kunokuba neecarbohydrate ezininzi (oko kukuthi, ukutya okunesitatshi okufana nerayisi, isonka, kunye neetapile) kodwa kube kuncinci kwiproteni kunye nezinye izondlo. Kulapho ingxaki iba yinto eqhelekileyo khona.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe (Kwashiorkor) kunye ne (Marasmus)?

Ngoku usenokuba uyazibuza, ingaba iKwashiorkor lolona hlobo lodwa lokungondleki kakuhle? Hayi, kukho olunye olubizwa ngokuba yiMarasmus . IKwashiorkor kunye neMarasmus zezona ntlobo zimbini ziphambili zokungondleki kakuhle okubangelwa kukungondleki kakuhle okubangelwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo kwihlabathi liphela.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini ngulo:

• I-Kwashiorkor ngokusisiseko kukungabikho kweproteni .
• I-Marasmus yimeko apho zonke izondlo-mzimba, ezinje ngeeproteni, iicarbohydrate, kunye namafutha, zincitshiswa, oko kuthetha ukuba umlinganiselo weekhalori ezisetyenziswayo uyancipha.

Ngamafutshane, umntu one-marasmus ubonakala ebhityile kwaye ebhityile. Ngokuqhelekileyo akafumani iikhalori ezaneleyo. Nokuba utya kancinci kakhulu, okanye umzimba wakhe usebenzisa amandla amaninzi (umzekelo, ngenxa yorhudo oluqhubekayo), okanye zombini. Kodwa umntu one-kwashiorkor usenokubonakala engazityi iikhalori ezaneleyo ngenxa yokudumba, kodwa akafumani iiproteni ezaneleyo.

Zithini iimpawu zeKwashiorkor? Sizibona njani?

Kulungile, singayibona njani le meko (Kwashiorkor)? Ziziphi iimpawu umntwana anokubonisa zona? Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi, kuba emva koko singathatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza.

• Ukudumba (ukudumba): Olu luphawu oluphambili. Ingakumbi emaqatheni, emilenzeni, ezandleni nasebusweni, ukudumba kubonakala ngathi kuzele ngamanzi.
• Ukudumba kwesisu (isisu esikhulu): Isisu siyakhula ngenxa yokuqokelelana kolwelo (ascites). Abanye abantu bakubiza oku ngokuthi "isisu esidumbileyo".
• Ukutshintsha kweenwele: Iinwele ziba zomile, ziqhekeke, iinwele ziyawa, ngamanye amaxesha umbala weenwele uyatshintsha, zibe mhlophe (umbala uyancipha).
• Iingxaki zolusu (iDermatitis): Ulusu luyoma kwaye lube namaqhuqhuva. Kwezinye iindawo, lunokubonakala ngathi luqweqwe okanye amabala abomvu. Ukuba luyenzakele, aluyi kuphola ngokukhawuleza.
• Isibindi esikhulu: Oku kungaba luphawu lwesifo sesibindi esinamafutha.
• Ukuphelelwa yimisipha: Imisipha esemalungeni iba ncinci kwaye incinci. Kodwa okumangalisayo kukuba, amafutha angaphantsi kolusu asenokuhlala efana.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Ukungabikho kwamanzi emzimbeni.
• I-Anorexia: Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nomnqweno wokutya.
• Ukucaphuka nokudinwa kakhulu: Umntwana uhlala enomsindo, ediniwe, kwaye engenamdla wokudlala.
• Ukukhula kwabantwana kuhamba kancinci: abakhuli bade, abatyebi, kwaye bancinci kunabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo.

Ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yeKwashiorkor

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu, ukuba imeko (Kwashiorkor) ayinyangwa kakuhle, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu ngakumbi. Ezi zinokuba yingozi nakubomi.

• Amanqanaba aphantsi eswekile egazini (iHypoglycemia).
• Ukwehla kobushushu bomzimba `(Hypothermia)`.
• Ukwehla komthamo wegazi (i-Hypovolemia) kunye nomothuko obangelwa yi-hypovolemic shock.
• Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte emzimbeni ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, izifo (ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, isifo sohudo, izifo zemiphunga) zixhaphakile, kwaye amanxeba athatha ixesha elide ukuphola.
• I-cirrhosis yesibindi (ukuqina kwesibindi) kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi.
• I-pancreas (evelisa ii-enzymes ezisinceda ekugayeni ukutya) iyancipha, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki zokugaya ukutya.
• Ukuncitshiswa kolwelo lwendlela yokugaya ukutya (i-mucosa yesisu). Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela ekukhuleni kakhulu kweebhaktheriya ezincinci zamathumbu.
• Ukukhula okulibaziseka kakhulu kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo ebantwaneni.
• Ekugqibeleni, ukuzila ukutya kunokukhokelela ekufeni.

Kutheni oku (Kwashiorkor) kwenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Ukunqongophala kweproteni kuthathwa njengesona sizathu siphambili seKwashiorkor. Abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba esi sesona sizathu siphambili. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abakwamkeli ngokupheleleyo oku. Kuba kwezinye iimeko, ukongeza iproteni ekutyeni akukwazanga ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga iKwashiorkor. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukunqongophala kweproteni yinxalenye nje yebali, kunokubakho ezinye izizathu.

Imiba ephambili enxulumene neKwashiorkor yile:

• Ukutya ukutya okune-carbohydrate eninzi: Ingakumbi kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zaseAfrika, eMbindi Melika, nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, eziziindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, abantu badla ngokutya uhlobo olunye kuphela lwe-carbohydrate. Umzekelo, imifuno enesitatshi efana nerayisi, umbona, i-cassava, kunye neebhatata ezimnandi. Ezi zixabiso liphantsi kwaye kulula ukuzifumana kunokutya okuneproteni eninzi (njengentlanzi, inyama, amaqanda, ubisi, kunye neelentile). Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni apho kusetyenziswa khona ukulima. Khawucinge nje, kwezinye iintsapho, abantwana banokunikwa irayisi kunye neebhatata ezicoliweyo kuphela imini yonke. Emva koko abafumani protein yaneleyo. Oomama abaswele iiproteni banokudlulisela loo ntswelo kubantwana babo.
• Ukutya okungonelanga emva kokuncancisa: Igama elithi Kwashiorkor livela kulwimi lwelizwe laseAfrika iGhana. Lithetha into efana "nesifo esifunyanwa ngumntwana omdala xa efika umntwana omtsha." Oku kubhekisa kwimeko eqhelekileyo. Xa umntwana omtsha eqaliswa ukuncancisa, umntwana omdala osancancisa ngequbuliso uyancancisa. Emva koko, nokuba kungenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo, ukungazi ngesondlo, okanye zombini ezi zinto, umntwana oncancisayo akafumani kutya okufanelekileyo okuncancisa. Emva koko imeko yakhe yesondlo iyawohloka. Abanye oomama banika umntwana wabo omncinci irayisi okanye iporridge encinci. Kodwa bayalibala ukongeza into ephezulu kwiproteni njengeelentile, iqhekeza elincinci lentlanzi, iqanda, okanye abanamali yaneleyo yokwenza oko.

Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela uphuhliso lweKwashiorkor:

• Ukunqongophala kweevithamini ezibalulekileyo (ezifana nevithamini A, iivithamini B) kunye neeminerali (ezifana nesinyithi, i-zinc).
• Ukungabikho kwee-antioxidants (ezi zizinto ezikhusela iiseli zomzimba) ekutyeni.
• Ii-Aflatoxins ziityhefu ezivela kuhlobo lwesikhunta esikhula kwiinkozo kunye namandongomane akhuliswe kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo nezifumileyo.
• Iintsholongwane ezifana neempethu kunye nezifo ezosulelayo ezifana ne-masisi, i-malaria, kunye ne-HIV. Ezi zifo zenza umzimba ube buthathaka kwaye zinciphise ukufunxwa kwezondlo.
• Iimeko ezinkulu ezibangela uxinezeleko ebomini, ezifana nendlala, ubuhlwempu, imfazwe, kunye neentlekele zemvelo.

Ifunyanwa njani iKwashiorkor?

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le meko (Kwashiorkor)?

Ixesha elininzi, ugqirha uqala ngokuxilonga imeko ngokumhlola umntwana ngokwasemzimbeni aze akhangele iimpawu esizixubushe ngaphambili (ingakumbi ukudumba, utshintsho lolusu, kunye notshintsho lweenwele) .

Ukwengeza:

• Buza umama okanye umnakekeli malunga nokutya komntwana, ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokutya alutyayo imihla ngemihla, nokuba ufumana iproteni eyaneleyo na.
• Buza ngezifo zangaphambili kunye nosulelo oluqhubekayo.
• Umlinganiselo wobunzima bomntwana nokuphakama kwakhe kunye nobude bakhe kulinganiswa kwaye kuthelekiswa neetshathi zokukhula ze-World Health Organisation. Ezi zilinganiso zinokunika ugqirha umbono olungileyo wokuba ukungondleki kakuhle komntwana kungakanani na kwaye kuyichaphazele kangakanani ukukhula kwakhe.

Iphathwa njani iKwashiorkor?

I-Kwashiorkor yimeko efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Okukhona unyango lulibaziseka, kokukhona iingxaki zinokwenzeka. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ichaze amanyathelo ali-10 ekufuneka alandelwe xa kunyangwa ukungondleki kakuhle. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo olukhulu, phantsi kweliso lezonyango esibhedlele.

1. Ukuthintela/Ukunyanga iHypoglycemia: Xa abantwana abangondlekanga benikwa ukutya ngequbuliso, amanqanaba eswekile egazini anokwehla ngendlela eyingozi. Ke ngoko, ulwelo olwenziwe ngokukodwa (oluneglucose) lunikwa kancinci kancinci.

2. Ukuthintela/Ukunyanga iHypothermia: Izilwanyana ezingondlekanga zinobunzima bokulawula ubushushu bomzimba wazo. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka zigcinwe zifudumele (zinxibe iimpahla ezifudumeleyo, iingubo).

3. Ukuthintela/Ukunyanga Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Ifomula ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi -RESOMAL (`REhydration SOLUTION for MALnutrition`) inikwa ukunyanga ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni eKwashiorkor. Yenzelwe ukubuyisela nokugcina ibhalansi yolwelo kunye neetyuwa (ingakumbi i-sodium) emzimbeni. Inganikwa ngomlomo okanye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngetyhubhu.

4. Ukulungisa ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte: Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte emzimbeni, njenge-potassium kunye ne-magnesium, kuyingozi kwaye kunokuba yingozi ebomini. Oku kunokutshintsha, ingakumbi xa umntu ongondlekanga eqala ukutya kwakhona. Abasebenzi bezempilo bazama ukulungisa oku kuqala, rhoqo ngesisombululo (se-RESOMAL).

5. Ukuthintela/Ukunyanga Iintsholongwane: Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, ehambisana neKwashiorkor, naluphi na usulelo luyingozi enkulu ekubuyiseleni ubomi. Ngoko ke, nokuba kukho amathandabuzo, kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asebenzisa i-broad-spectrum.

6. Ukulungiswa kokungabikho kwezakhamzimba:Ukunqongophala kweevithamini neeminerali ezibalulekileyo ezifana nevithamini A, i-folic acid, i-zinc, kunye ne-iron kuyalungiswa. Nangona kunjalo, i-iron inikwa kuphela emva kokuba umntwana ephilile kancinci.

7. Qala ukondla ngononophelo: Eli linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu. I-metabolism (indlela yomzimba yokuvelisa nokusebenzisa amandla) yabantu abangondlekanga itshintshile. Xa beqala ukondla kwakhona, i-metabolism yabo iqala ukutshintsha kwakhona. Kodwa ukuba oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ingxaki esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi- "refeeding syndrome" inokwenzeka. Ke ngoko, ukondla kuqaliswa ngononophelo olukhulu, ngamanani amancinci, amaxesha amaninzi ngemini, phantsi kweliso elibukhali. Ingakumbi kwi-(Kwashiorkor), iiproteni kufuneka ziphinde zifakwe kancinci kancinci, kancinci kancinci.

8. Ukukhula komntwana emva kokuzalwa: Xa imeko yomntwana izinzile kwaye ibonakala ngathi iyanyamezela ukondliwa kakuhle, inani leekhalori kunye neeproteni ezinikwayo liyakhula kancinci kancinci. I-World Health Organisation iphuhlise ukutya okulungiselelwe ngokukodwa, okunesondlo, nokulungeleyo ukwenziwa (RUTF). Oku kunokunikwa ngomlomo okanye ngetyhubhu, ukuba kuyimfuneko. Eli linqanaba lokuvuselelwa kwesondlo. Oku kungathatha iiveki ezininzi (ngokuqhelekileyo iiveki ezi-2-6).

9. Banike inkxaso kwiimvakalelo: Abantwana abaneKwashiorkor banokuba buthathaka kwaye baphelelwe ngamandla ixesha elide. Uphuhliso lwabo lwengqondo, lwemithambo-luvo, nolwentlalo lunokuba nzima ngenxa yokungondleki kakuhle. Imisebenzi evuselelayo efana namathoyizi, ukuthetha, kunye nokunika uthando nothando ukubanceda baphinde bakhule kakuhle yinxalenye yesicwangciso sonyango. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, abasebenzi bezempilo baya kubandakanya nonina womntwana kule nkqubo.

10. Ukulungiselela ukulandelwa emva kokuchacha: Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana aphume esibhedlele, abasebenzi bezempilo babonelela ngemfundo kunye neengcebiso kumama (okanye umnakekeli) malunga nokutya, ukuncancisa, indlela yokulungiselela ukutya okunesondlo, ucoceko lokutya namanzi, kunye nokuthintela izifo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunikelwa imigonyo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, nceda ufumane ukutya okuzinzileyo nokunesondlo.

Ungayithintela njani iKwashiorkor?

"Kungcono ukuthintela isifo kunokusinyanga emva kokuba siphuhlile." Ngoko ke kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela (Kwashiorkor).

• Imfundo nokwazisa: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufundisa abazali kunye noluntu ngesondlo esisisiseko, ukubaluleka kokuncancisa (ukuncancisa kuphela ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6, kulandele ukuncancisa ukutya okuncedisayo ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emi-2), iimfuno zesondlo zabantwana kunye noomama. Kukwafuneka ukufundisa indlela yokuqala ukutya okuncedisayo kwiminyaka efanelekileyo nangendlela efanelekileyo.
• Inkxaso yesondlo: Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zesondlo ngurhulumente kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukubonelela ngezongezo zesondlo (umz. iThriposha) koomama abakhulelweyo, oomama abancancisayo kunye nabantwana abancinci. Kwakhona, ukukhuthaza izityalo zasekuhlaleni (ezifana nemoringa, ispinatshi, ii-peas, i-soy) ezibonelela ngeproteni kunye nezondlo ezincinci.
• Ulawulo lwezifo: Ulawulo lwezifo ezisulelayo (ezifana norhudo, izifo zokuphefumla) kunye nezifo. Ezi zinto zenza umzimba ube buthathaka kwaye zinciphise ukufunxwa kwezondlo. Ukuphucula ucoceko (ukuhlamba izandla, ukusela amanzi acocekileyo, ukusebenzisa izindlu zangasese) kunye nokubonelela ngemithi yokugonya ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukungondleki kakuhle.
• Ukhuseleko lokutya: Lonke usapho kufuneka lufumane ukutya okunesondlo.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uKwashiorkor akanyangwa? Athini amathuba okuchacha?

Le yinto ekufuneka siyazi ngokuqinisekileyo.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, iKwashiorkor inokubulala. Ukufa kunokubangelwa kusulelo, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukusilela kwentliziyo, okanye ukusilela kwesibindi.

Nokuba unyango luqala, kukho umngcipheko wengxaki ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ebizwa ngokuba yi-"refeeding syndrome." Yiyo loo nto unyango lwenziwa ngokulaliswa esibhedlele naphantsi kweliso likagqirha.

Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abafumana unyango oluphumeleleyo nolufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo banokuchacha kakuhle. Nangona kukho iziphumo zexesha elide zeKwashiorkor (umz., ukukhula okungalindelekanga, ukukhubazeka kokufunda), nazo zinokuphela.

Iingxaki ezivela kwi-kwashiorkor ziba nzima ngakumbi kwaye zihlala ixesha elide xa zinganyangwa. Abanye abantwana basenokungaphindi baphile ngokupheleleyo ekulibazisekeni kokukhula nokukhula. Basenokuqhubeka besengozini yesifo sesibindi kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwepancreas.

Ngoko ke, khumbula, okukhona isifo sifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye unyango luqala, kokukhona iziphumo zingcono.

Okokugqibela, iKwashiorkor isenokungabonakali ngathi ayingondleki ngenxa yokudumba nokudumba. Inokuba nemiphumo emibi engalindelekanga nefihlakeleyo efana nokulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nesifo sesibindi esinamafutha. Ukuze unyange iKwashiorkor ngokufanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuyiqonda. Ukunika nje ukutya okuneproteni eninzi ekhaya kusenokunganeli, kwaye kunokuba yingozi. Ke ngoko, ukuba uneempawu zeKwashiorkor, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci. Okukhona ungenelela ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuba ungondleki anciphe.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali?

Khumbula oku kakuhle:

• I-Kwashiorkor yimeko yokungondleki kakuhle ebangelwa kukunqongophala kweproteni , ingakumbi echaphazela abantwana abancinci.
• Iimpawu eziphambili sisisu esikhulu, amalungu avuvukileyo, kodwa umzimba omncinci . Ukongeza, kunokubakho utshintsho eluswini nasezinweleni, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, kunye nokucaphuka.
• Le yimeko enokubangela ukufa, ngoko ke kufuneka uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukuzama ukuyinyanga ekhaya.
• Malunga nokutya komntwana, ingakumbiQinisekisa ukuba unika umntwana wakho ukutya okuneproteni eninzi (njengentlanzi, inyama, amaqanda, ubisi, iilentile, kunye neepizi). Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana isondlo esifanelekileyo xa elunyulwa kubisi lwebele.
• Ucoceko (ukuhlamba izandla, amanzi acocekileyo) kunye nokuthintela izifo (ukugonya) kunceda ekunciphiseni le meko.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa uye kugqirha okanye esibhedlele esikufutshane. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi bomntwana kwaye lunciphise iziphumo zexesha elide.

I- Kwashiorkor, ukungondleki kakuhle, ukungabikho kweproteni, ukondleka komntwana, ukudumba, ukuqunjelwa, ukungabikho kwesondlo