Ngaba wena okanye umntu omaziyo wakha waxelelwa ngugqirha ukuba "avule isisu" ngenxa yengxaki yesisu? Okanye wakha weva ukuba kufuneka utyando olukhulu ukuze kufunyanwe ingxaki ngaphakathi esiswini emva kwengozi, okanye ukunqanda ukopha? Kwizonyango, olu tyando, olwenziwa kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuvula umngxuma wesisu nokuhlola amalungu omzimba, lubizwa ngokuba yi-"laparotomy." Olu lutyando olukhulu, ngoko ke abantu abaninzi banokuloyika. Ke ngoko, masithethe ngalo ngokulula nangokucacileyo namhlanje.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-laparotomy?
Ngamafutshane, i-laparotomy yinkqubo yotyando apho ugqirha otyandayo evula isisu sakho (indawo engenanto ngaphakathi esiswini sakho) ukuze ahlole okanye anyange amalungu angaphakathi.
Oku kungenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Ukuxilongwa (i-Exploratory Laparotomy): Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba kukho ingxaki efana nentlungu yesisu okanye ukopha ngaphakathi, unobangela awunakufunyanwa nokuba usebenzisa iiskeni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wenza olu tyando ukuze abone ngokwenene aze aqonde okwenzekayo ngaphakathi esiswini. Ngelo xesha, ukuba kuyimfuneko, isiqwenga sethishu singathathwa size sithunyelwe ukuze sihlolwe (`iBiopsy`).
2. I-Therapeutic Laparotomy: Ngamanye amaxesha utyando lwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba ingxaki iyaziwa. Umzekelo, olu tyando lwenziwa ukususa ithumba elinomhlaza, ukulungisa amathumbu onakeleyo, okanye ukususa i-appendix evuvukileyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando oluqala ngokuxilongwa lunokugqitywa ngokufumana ingxaki nokuyinyanga ngoko nangoko.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweLaparotomy kunye neLaparoscopy?
Nangona zombini zilutyando lwesisu, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini. Abantu abaninzi bayawabhidanisa la magama mabini. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni umahluko.
| Uphawu | I-Laparotomy - utyando oluvulekileyo | I-Laparoscopy - utyando lwe-keyhole |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela yotyando | Umgodi wesisu uvulwa ngokupheleleyo kusetyenziswa umngxuma omde esiswini. | Olu tyando lwenziwa ngemingxuma emininzi emincinci kakhulu ("imingxuma yesitshixo") esiswini, kunye nekhamera efakwe kwenye kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwezinye. |
| Isilonda senxeba | Ishiya isilonda eside nesibonakala ngokucacileyo. | Kusele amanxeba ambalwa amancinci kakhulu, angabonakaliyo kangako. |
| Ixesha lokuphiliswa | Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba uphile. Kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku eziliqela. | Phila ngokukhawuleza. Mhlawumbi ungagoduka kungekudala. |
| Amatyala okusetyenziswa | Ilungele iimeko ezinzima ezifana neengxamiseko, iingozi ezinzima, kunye nokususwa kweethumba ezinkulu ezinomhlaza. | Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindlela zotyando ezingezizo ezingxamisekileyo nezicwangcisiweyo (umz., ukususwa kwenyongo). |
Kukweziphi iimeko apho kufuneka i-laparotomy?
Kunokubakho izizathu ezithile zokuba ugqirha otyandayo akhethe i-laparotomy kune-laparoscopy. Le ndlela iluncedo ngakumbi, ingakumbi kwimeko engxamisekileyo apho kufuneka ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza.
Ezinye zeemeko apho i-laparotomy inokufuneka khona:
- Ukujonga ukuba akukho monakalo kwizitho zangaphakathi emva kokwenzakala okukhulu esiswini.
- I-Peritonitis (usulelo lwesisu).
- Ukugqobhoka kwesisu okanye amathumbu okanye ukopha okungalawulekiyo.
- Ukususa ithumba elalivuvukele kakhulu kwaye liza kugqabhuka.
- Ukususa i-spleen xa iqhuma kwingozi.
- Ukususa ii-cysts ezinkulu ze-ovarian okanye ii-endometriomas .
- Ukujonga nokunyanga imeko kunye nokusasazeka kwe -endometriosis .
- Utyando olukhulu olufana nenkqubo yeWhipple yomhlaza wepancreatic.
- Umhlaza we-ovarian okanye i-Hodgkin lymphomaUkufumanisa ukuba umhlaza, ofana neHodgkin lymphoma, usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni (Cancer staging).
- Utyando lotyando olucwangcisiweyo okanye olungxamisekileyo (`utyando lwe-C`).
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando?
Ekubeni olu lutyando olukhulu, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka uzilungiselele kwangaphambili.
1. Imvume enolwazi
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ngokucacileyo ngolu tyando, iingozi kunye neenzuzo zalo, kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango. Baza kukuqonda konke oku baze bafumane imvume yakho ebhaliweyo. Kwimeko yengxamiseko, izigqibo ziya kwenziwa ngokubonisana nesalamane ukuba isigulana asisekho zingqondweni.
2. Uvavanyo lomzimba
Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngempilo yakho, amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye notyando olwenzekileyo ngaphambili. Uza kwenza novavanyo olusisiseko, olufana novavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-X-ray, ukuze abone ukuba ukulungele na ukwenza i-anesthesia eqhelekileyo.
3. Ukulungiselela Amathumbu
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando, kunokufuneka ukhuphe amathumbu akho ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kotyando. Usenokunikwa ifomyula yokukhupha isisu okanye i-enema. Usenokucelwa ukuba uzile ukutya okanye usele ulwelo kuphela ngosuku olungaphambi kotyando.
4. Ukubulala iintsholongwane
Ngaphambi kotyando, ungacelwa ukuba uhlambe ngesepha yokubulala iintsholongwane. Okanye, abasebenzi basesibhedlele baza kucoca indawo yakho yesisu. Banokucheba naluphi na unwele olukuloo ndawo.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, uza kuthathwa usiwe kwigumbi emva kotyando, apho ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kuya kuhlolwa khona de ubuyele engqondweni. Emva koko uza kudluliselwa kwigumbi kwaye kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa.
- Iintlungu: Iintlungu zinikwa ukulawula intlungu yenxeba.
- Iityhubhu: Imigca ye-IV kunye nee-catheter zomchamo ezibekwe ngexesha lotyando zinokuhlala endaweni yazo kangangeentsuku ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kwimfuneko.
- Ukuhamba: Nokuba kukho intlungu, uyakhuthazwa ukuba uvuke uhambe kancinci ngoncedo lwabasebenzi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi kunye nosulelo lwemiphunga.
- Ukuzilolonga ngokuphefumla: Kufundiswa ukuzilolonga ngokuphefumla nzulu.
- Ukutya: Okokuqala, kunikwa ulwelo, uze emva koko kungeniswe ukutya okuqhelekileyo kancinci kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba amathumbu abuyele esiqhelweni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'Paralytic ileus' .
Zithini iingozi zolu tyando?
Njengalo naluphi na utyando olukhulu, i-laparotomy ineengozi ezithile.
- Umonakalo ongeyongozi kwezinye izitho ezikufutshane.
- Ukopha kakhulu okuvela kwimithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo.
- Ukosuleleka yinxeba kunye nokuphola okulibazisekileyo.
- Ukuba ndindisholo okungapheliyo kwezinye iindawo ezijikeleze inxeba ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo.
- I-Hernia (i-hernia) yenzeka ngokunxulumene nokusika.
- Izicubu ezinamathelayo (ukunamathela kwesisu) zenzeka esiswini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvalelekeni kwamathumbu kwixesha elizayo.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
Oku kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho iyonke kunye nobunzima botyando.
- Ukuphola kwenxeba: Kudla ngokuthatha malunga neeveki ezi-6 ukuba inxeba liphiliswe ngokupheleleyo.
- Isilonda: Kusala isilonda eside phezu kwesisu. Nangona kunjalo, siya kunyamalala kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha (kwiminyaka emi-3-6).
- Ukubuyela emsebenzini: Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi wakho, unokukwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini emva kokuba ukwenzakala kupholile. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ungenzi nantoni na enzima, njengokuphakamisa iintsimbi, kangangeenyanga ezimbalwa.
- Ukuzilolonga: Kungathatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emibini ukuba amandla ezihlunu zesisu sakho abuyele esiqhelweni. Ngoko ke, ukuzilolonga kufuneka kuqalwe kancinci kwaye kujongwe ngugqirha .
Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
| Iimeko apho kufuneka ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza |
|---|
| • Ukuba kukho ulwelo olufana negazi okanye ubomvu oluphuma enxebeni. |
| • Ukuba intlungu ayinciphi kodwa iyanda imihla ngemihla. |
| • Ukuba unomkhuhlane. |
| • Ukuba awukwazi ukuphuma indle okanye ukuphuma umoya. |
| • Ukuba umlenze omnye udumbile kwaye ubuhlungu (oku kungaba luphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi). |
| • Ukuba uva iintlungu esifubeni okanye ukhwehlela kakhulu. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Laparotomy yindlela enkulu yotyando ebandakanya ukuvula umngxuma wesisu. Isetyenziselwa zombini iinjongo zokuxilonga kunye nezokunyanga.
- Oku kwahlukile "kutyando lwe-keyhole" (i-Laparoscopy). I-Laparotomy iyimfuneko kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo kunye neengxaki ezinzima.
- Kuthatha ixesha ukuphola. Kuthatha ubuncinane iiveki ezi-6 ukuba inxeba liphole. Kufuneka ukuphephe ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kunye nokuzilolonga okunzima kangangeenyanga ezimbalwa.
- Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, iintlungu eziqatha, okanye ukuphuma kwamanzi esilondeni emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Musa ukoyika, kwaye ukuba unamathandabuzo, buza ugqirha wakho.
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