Ingaba intloko yomntwana wakho inkulu kakhulu? Masifunde ngeMacrocephaly.

BoMama nooTata, kusenokwenzeka ukuba niqaphele ukuba intloko yomntwana wenu inkulu kancinci kunezinye iintsana ezineminyaka efanayo. Okanye ngaba ugqirha ekliniki ulinganise umjikelo wentloko waza wathi? Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"Macrocephaly" ngokwezonyango. Kodwa musani ukoyika xa nisiva eli gama, kulungile? Kuba ayizizo zonke iintloko ezinkulu ezisisifo. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni iMacrocephaly?

Ngamafutshane, `(Macrocephaly)` ithetha `intloko enkulu.' Ukuba umntwana wakho une `(Macrocephaly)`, oko kuthetha ukuba umjikelo wentloko yakhe mkhulu kakhulu kunowabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yobudala bakhe kunye nesini sakhe. Ukuchaneka, ngokutsho koogqirha, oko kuthetha ukuba umjikelo wentloko yomntwana (umlinganiselo ojikeleze inxalenye enkulu yentloko) mkhulu kunabantwana abangama-97 kwabali-100 abaloo minyaka (`ipesenti engama-97`` kwiitshathi ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha). Oko kuthetha ukuba intloko yakhe inkulu kune-97% yabantwana abaneminyaka yobudala bakhe kunye nesini sakhe.

Kodwa ungoyiki xa usiva oku. `(Macrocephaly)` ngamanye amaxesha inokuba luphawu lwemeko efuna unyango. Nangona kunjalo, isizathu sokuba intloko yomntwana wakho ibe nkulu sisenokuba yinto eyenzeka kusapho lwakho. Yimeko engenabungozi engadingi unyango. Siyibiza ngokuba yi` (Benign Family Macrocephaly)` .

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Kuthiwa le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Macrocephaly" ichaphazela phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-5% yabemi baseMelika. Le meko ikwabonakala nakwilizwe lethu. Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuva oku.

Zithini iimpawu zeMacrocephaly?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezinokubonwa nge-`(Macrocephaly)`. Kodwa khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntwana omele abe nazo zonke ezi mpawu. Abanye abantwana basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu, kodwa banentloko enkulu.

• Ukukhula kwentloko ngokukhawuleza: Ukuba intloko yakho ikhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekulindelwe, yinto ekufuneka uyiqwalasele.
• Imithambo ebonakalayo entlokweni: Ngamanye amaxesha, imithambo ibonakala ngokucacileyo phantsi kolusu lwentloko.
• Ukulibaziseka Kokukhula: Ukuba umntwana ufika emva kwexesha ekwenzeni izinto ebekufanele ukuba uzenza xa eneminyaka ethile (umzekelo: ukuncuma, ukuqinisa intamo yakhe, ukuqengqeleka, ukuhlala, ukuhamba, njl.njl.), oko kuthetha ukuba "uneengxaki zokukhula".
• Amehlo ajonge phantsi: Ukuba amehlo omntwana ahlala ejonge ezantsi endaweni yokuba ajonge phambili (oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Ukutshona kwelanga-ilanga iPhenomenon").
• Ukuqina okanye ukudumba kwezithuba eziphakathi kwamathambo entloko (ii-fontanels): Ukuba amabala athambileyo (siwabiza ngokuba zii-fontanels, oogqirha bawabiza ngokuba zii-"fontanels") entlokweni yomntwana aqinile okanye adumbile kuba amathambo awakadibani ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukuthanda ukutya: Ukuba umntwana akafuni ukutya okanye ukusela, okanye akanamdla wokutya okanye wokusela.
• Ukwenzeka kunye nezinye iimeko: Ngamanye amaxesha `(Ukuxhuzula)` (ukuxhuzula/ ukuxhuzulaLe ``(Macrocephaly)`` inokubonwa kwiimeko ezifana ne``(Autism)``.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba umntwana wakho une-"Benign Familyal Macrocephaly" (oko kuthetha intloko enkulu engenabungozi ebaleka kusapho), awuzukubona zimpawu ngaphandle kwentloko enkulu ngokungaqhelekanga.

Zithini izizathu ze-macrocephaly?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba kutheni le `(Macrocephaly)` isenzeka, kwaye zithini izizathu. Izizathu zoku zingahluka ukusuka kwezingengozi ukuya kwezinzima.

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-"Benign Familyal Macrocephaly" (i-"Benign Familyal Macrocephaly"), oko kuthetha ukuba unentloko enkulu kuneqhelekileyo. Le ntloko inkulu ifuzwa kwaye inokuba nobukhulu obufanayo nobomnye umntu kusapho. Oku akunanto yakwenza nokukhathazeka.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izizathu, ngamanye amaxesha eziyingozi, ze-"Macrocephaly". Ezinye zezi zisenokuba zizalwa nazo, ngelixa ezinye zinokukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezi ziquka:

• I-Megalencephaly: Ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kwengqondo.
• I-Hydrocephalus: Oku kwenzeka xa kukho ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) olugqithisileyo olujikeleze ubuchopho. Olu lwelo lugqithisileyo lutyhala ubuchopho bungene ekhakhayini, lubeka uxinzelelo kubuchopho.
• Ukopha ebuchotsheni: Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo yegazi ebuchotsheni (okufana `ne-Arteriovenous Malformation`).
• I-Cranial Hyperostosis: Ukuqina okugqithisileyo kwamathambo ekhanda.
• Iithumba zobuchopho.
• IiHematomas: Ezi zii-blood clots. Zinokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nokwenzakala entloko, ukuwa, okanye ukushukumisa umntwana kakhulu.
• Usulelo lobuchopho: Umzekelo, i-meningitis, i-encephalitis, okanye i-brain abscess.
• Iingxaki zemfuza: Umzekelo, iimeko zemfuza ezifana ne `(Achondroplasia)` (imeko ethintela ukukhula), `(Fragile X Syndrome)`, `(Neurofibromatosis Type 1)`, `(PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome)` (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi `(Cowden Syndrome)`), `(Gorlin Syndrome)` kunye ne `(Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome)`.
• Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-Intracranial: Ukunyuka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwentloko ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu.

Indlela yokuqaphela (iMacrocephaly)?

Ngoku makhe sibone indlela oogqirha abaxilonga ngayo i-macrocephaly, kunye nendlela yokufumana ukuba yintoni unobangela.

Ngaphambi kokuzalwa

Ugqirha wakho ngamanye amaxesha unokufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-macrocephaly ngokusebenzisa ii-ultrasound scans ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, ingakumbi ekupheleni kwekota yesibini okanye ekuqaleni kwekota yesithathu.

Emva kokuzalwa

Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, ngesiqhelo kwikliniki nganye kangangeminyaka emihlanu, ugqirha ulinganisa umjikelo wentloko yomntwana. Emva koko, umlinganiselo uthelekiswa netshathi yokukhula eqhelekileyo yabanye abantwana abakuloo minyaka nesini. Ubungakanani bentloko kamama, utata, mhlawumbi nootatomkhulu noomakhulu nabo buyaqwalaselwa.

Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba kukho i-macrocephaly, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumana unobangela. Ngenxa yoku, ugqirha uya kwenza iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-Neurologic

Ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha uza kwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Baza kukubuza imibuzo okanye benze uvavanyo oluncinci kumntwana wakho ukuze bafumane imbali yokukhula komntwana kunye nemeko yakhe yangoku.
• Buza ukuba umntwana ukhe wenzakala entloko okanye wenzakala engqondweni okanye kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
• Baza kubuza ukuba ngaba ubukhe wasuleleka na ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okanye ukuba ubukhe wasuleleka na yi-meningitis emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Ezi zinokubangela i-hydrocephalus (ukwakheka kolwelo engqondweni).
• Buza ukuba umntwana uyagabha na, uyacaphuka ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, okanye ubonisa iimpawu zentloko ebuhlungu (oko kukuthi, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, ukukhala okungathuthuzelekiyo). Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
• Buza ukuba umntwana ukhe waxhuzula na ngaphambili.

Uvavanyo lomzimba

Ngexesha lolu vavanyo, ukongeza ekulinganiseni umjikelezo wentloko, ugqirha uza kujonga oku kulandelayo:

• Iifontanels: La ngamabala athambileyo phezulu kwentloko yomntwana, abizwa ngokuba ziifontanels. La ngamabala apho amathambo entloko engekadibani ngokupheleleyo. Yile nto evumela intloko yomntwana ukuba iphume lula xa ezalwa. Ifontanels engasemva kwentloko idla ngokuvaleka ngeenyanga ezi-2-3. Ifontanels engaphambili kwentloko ivaleka phakathi kweenyanga ezi-9 nezi-18. Ukuba le fontanels inkulu, ivuvukile, kwaye iqinile, inokuba luphawu loxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-intracranial (ICP).
• Imithambo emikhulu entloko: Olu luphawu lokwanda komthamo wegazi kwimithambo yegazi engaphakathi kwengqondo.
• `Ukutshona kwelanga-Iliso Lento Eyenzekayo`: Amehlo omntwana ahlala ejonge ezantsi, endaweni yokujonga phambili. Oku kukwabonisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
• Ukungaphumeleli ukutyeba: Ukungaphumeleli ukutyeba ngenxa yokungatyi ukutya, imeko esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"Failure to Thrive", ngamanye amaxesha inokunxulunyaniswa nengxaki yobuchopho.

Uvavanyo lokuFanekisa

Oku kungabandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• `(I-Ultrasound Scan)` (I-Ultrasound Scan): Olu luvavanyo lokuqala olunokwenziwa ngugqirha. Kuba lukhuselekile (aluna-radioactive), lukhawuleza, kulula ukulwenza, kwaye alufuni ukuba umntwana alaliswe. Ukuba i-frontal fossa yomntwana (ingakumbi leyo ingaphambili entloko) ayivalwanga, olu vavanyo lunokujonga izinto ezininzi engqondweni.
• `(I-Computed Tomography - I-CT Scan)` (I-CT Scan): Olu vavanyo lunokujonga utshintsho kwizicubu zobuchopho. Nangona kunjalo, kuba lusebenzisa imitha, ugqirha ucebisa oku kuphela ukuba `(I-Ultrasound)` ayinikanga lwazi luchanekileyo, okanye ukuba umntwana akanakulaliswa.
• Iskeni seMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Le yindlela ekhethekileyo nekhawulezayo ye-MRI. Ayifuni ukuba umntwana athomalaliswe. Ingabona ulwelo olugqithisileyo engqondweni.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zeMacrocephaly?

Sikwafanele siqaphele iingxaki ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nesi sifo ``(Macrocephaly)``. Asinguye wonke umntu oza kuhlangabezana nezi ngxaki, kodwa kulungile ukuzazi.

• Ukucinezelwa kwe-Brainstem: Ukuba ingqondo ayinandawo yaneleyo ngaphakathi kwekhakayi ngenxa yentloko enkulu, i-brainstem inokunyanzeliswa.
• I-Hydrocephalus (amanzi ebuchotsheni): Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
• Ukuxhuzula kunye nokuxhuzula.
• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso.
• Ukusebenza kwengqondo okungaqhelekanga.

Iphathwa njani iMacrocephaly?

Kaloku, uyinyanga njani le `(Macrocephaly)`? Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko.

(Benign Family Macrocephaly) kunye (Benign Enlargement of the Subarachnoid Space in Infancy - BESSI)

Ukuba umntwana wakho akanazo iimpawu zemithambo-luvo, ugqiba kakuhle amanyathelo okukhula, kwaye unembali yosapho enentloko enkulu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba le ntloko inkulu ifuzwa njengelifa. Kwimeko enjalo , akukho nyango lufunekayo. `(BESSI)` nayo yimeko engenabungozi. Kule meko, kukho intwana ye`(Cerebrospinal Fluid)` (cerebral spinal fluid) kwezinye iindawo zengqondo, kodwa ayinabungozi, kwaye iya kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha ngaphandle konyango.

Izizathu zofuzo (iMacrocephaly)

Kwezi meko, unyango oluqhubekayo lunokufuneka. Oku kungabandakanya unyango lomzimba, unyango lomsebenzi, unyango lokuthetha nolwimi, kunye nonyango lokuziphatha.

Ukudumba okanye ukopha kwengqondo

Kwimeko enjalo, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe ulwelo olugqithisileyo okanye kumiswe ukopha.

Ithumba lobuchopho

Iindlela zonyango ziquka utyando, i-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, kunye ne-steroids.

Ngaba iMacrocephaly ingathintelwa?

I-Macrocephaly ligama nje elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza intloko enkulu. Eli gama ngokwalo alithethi ukuba iyingozi. Ukuba usapho lwakho luyaziwa ngokuba neentloko ezinkulu, ukuba nentloko enkulu kunokuba yimeko eqhelekileyo nesempilweni. Ugqirha womntwana wakho uya kugqiba ukuba kukho unobangela wezonyango we-macrocephaly.

Akukho nto inokwenziwa ukuthintela i-macrocephaly. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango lokulawula uninzi lweemeko ezibangela oku.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umntwana wam uneMacrocephaly?

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umntwana wakho une-`(Macrocephaly)`?

Ukuba intloko yomntwana wakho inkulu kodwa iqhelekile (iziganeko zophuhliso, iimvavanyo zemithambo-luvo), ngoko i-"macrocephaly" ayisoloko iyingozi kwaye isiphumo siba sihle. Akukho nyango lufunekayo. Oku kudla ngokuba njalo ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-"benign familial macrocephaly".

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho unobangela oyintloko we-macrocephaly, okulindelekileyo kuya kuxhomekeka kwisizathu esithile. Isicwangciso sonyango lomntwana wakho siya kuba sesakhe.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ubona naziphi na ezi mpawu kumntwana wakho , bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

• Ukuba ibunzi (indawo ethambileyo ) entlokweni yomntwana livuvukile.
• Ukuba awunamdla wokutya.
• Ukuba uhlanza rhoqo.
• Ukuba kukho iintshukumo zamehlo ezingaqhelekanga.
• Ukuba uziva ulele kakhulu kunesiqhelo.
• Ukuba ucaphuka ngaphezu kwesiqhelo kwaye kunzima ukuthuthuzela.

Ezi mpawu zibonisa ukuba imeko yomntwana inokutshintsha, ngoko ke ugqirha uza kuphanda aze agqibe kwelokuba unyango luyimfuneko na. Musa ukoyika, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Intloko yomntwana omncinci iba nkulu kangakanani?

Makhe sijonge ukuba intloko yomntwana ikhula kangakanani ngexesha lobuntwana. Ngaba la ngamaxabiso aqhelekileyo? Oogqirha bayamkele iitshathi zokukhula koku. Ngabo bamisela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba intloko yomntwana ikhula ngendlela eqhelekileyo na. Ikliniki iza kuthatha la manani ize ikuchazele wona.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe (Macrocephaly) kunye ne (Megalencephaly)?

La magama mabini afana kancinci, kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci.

Igama elithi `(Macrocephaly)` ligama elibanzi. Lithetha nje 'intloko enkulu ngokungaqhelekanga.' elithi `(Megalencephaly)` linokuba ngomnye wezizathu ze `(Macrocephaly)`.

Igama elithi ``Megalencephaly'' lithetha 'ingqondo enkulu ngokungaqhelekanga.' '

Yintoni "iingqokelela ze-Benign extra-axial zobuntwana"?

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Benign External Hydrocephalus)`. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ulwelo oluncinci oluqokelelene phakathi kwengqondo yomntwana kunye nentloko yekhakayi. Oku kuqhelekile kakhulu kwiintsana ezineentloko ezinkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo akudingi nyango. Ugqirha wakho uza kumjonga umntwana wakho ngononophelo. Uninzi lwexesha, le meko iphela yodwa njengoko iintsana zikhula.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, makhe sijonge ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwizinto esithethe ngazo.

I-Macrocephaly ithetha ukuba intloko yomntwana wakho inkulu kunesiqhelo. Oku kubonakala rhoqo xa ezalwa.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayizizo zonke iintloko ezinkulu ezisisifo. Ukuba nabanye abantu kusapho lwakho nabo baneentloko ezinkulu, kwaye akukho zimpawu zimbi, oku kusenokungabi nabungozi.

Nangona kunjalo, "iMacrocephaly" ngamanye amaxesha inokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzima.

Ngoko ke, ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lomzimba nolwemithambo-luvo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze uvavanyo lwemifanekiso (iiskeni) zentloko.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo, ugqirha uza kufumanisa unobangela aze enze isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo.

Ukuba unenkxalabo ngomntwana wakho, ingakumbi ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu zesilumkiso esithethe ngazo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungabi naxhala, kodwa kukufumana iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo zonyango. Ndikunqwenelela umntwana wakho ukuba aphile kakuhle!

Intloko enkulu , i-macrocephaly, intloko yomntwana, uphuhliso lobuchopho, i-hydrocephalus, izifo zemfuza, izifo zemithambo-luvo