Ingaba uhlala unamanxeba? Ngaba uyopha igazi? Oku kungaba yi-ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia)

Ngaba wakha waphawula inxeba elinye okanye amabini ngequbuliso emzimbeni wakho waza wacinga, "Wow, le nto ifike phi?" Kuqhelekile ukuba namanxeba amancinci anjalo ngamanye amaxesha. Kodwa ukuba ufumana amanxeba emzimbeni wakho wonke ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuba iintsini zakho ziphuma igazi xa uhlamba amazinyo akho, okanye nokuba umkrwelo omncinci awuyeki ukuphuma igazi, yinto ekufuneka uyixhalabele. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ebangela iimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa abantu abaninzi abazi ngayo. Yiyo loo nto i-ITP.

Kalula nje, yintoni i-ITP?

Igama elipheleleyo lesi sifo, elifinyeziweyo njenge-ITP, yi-Immune Thrombocytopenia. Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga esinxulumene negazi.

Cinga nje, kukho iinxalenye ezincinci kakhulu zeeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Platelets" egazini lethu. Zifana namajoni amancinci emizimbeni yethu. Ukuba kukho inxeba okanye ukwenzakala ndaweni ithile, umsebenzi ophambili wezi platelets kukukhawuleza ukuya apho, ukunamathelana, nokuyeka ukopha.

Nantsi into eyenzekayo kumntu one-ITP. Inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba, ekhusela imizimba yethu kwizifo, ngequbuliso iyaphela. Ngenxa yaloo ngxaki, inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ifumanisa ngempazamo 'amajoni' ethu alungileyo, iiplatelets, njengotshaba oluvela ngaphandle. Emva koko, ngenxa yaloo mqondiso wobuxoki, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba iqala ukutshabalalisa ezi platelets.

Xa iiplatelets zincipha, amandla azo okuyeka ukopha nawo ayancipha. Yiyo loo nto uqala ukukrweleka nokopha ngokungeyomfuneko.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-ITP?

I-ITP yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ihlala ixesha elingakanani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukwazi oku.

Zithini iimpawu ze-ITP?

Iimpawu zibonakala kuphela xa inani leeplatelet liphantsi kakhulu. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo iimpawu ekuqaleni.

• Ukudumba ngequbuliso: Ukudumba ngequbuliso okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mfusa kuvela emzimbeni ngaphandle kokwenzakala.
• Amabala abomvu eluswini: Amabala abomvu-mfusa (`petechiae`) abonakala ngathi ziincindi ezincinci, ingakumbi emilenzeni esezantsi. La ngamabala avuzayo emithanjeni yegazi emincinci engaphantsi kolusu.
• Amabala amakhulu: Ngamanye amaxesha kuvela amabala amakhulu abomvu, amfusa, okanye amdaka (`Purpura`).
• Iintsini eziphuma igazi: Iintsini zakho zinokopha, kokubini xa uhlamba amazinyo akho naxa umi apho.
• Ukopha empumlweni: Xa ukopha empumlweni kuqala, kunokuba nzima ukuyeka.
• Igazi kumchamo okanye kwindle: Olu luphawu olubi kakhulu.
• Ukopha kakhulu exesheni kwabasetyhini: Ukuya exesheni okuhlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-7 kunye nokopha kakhulu.
• Ukudinwa okungaqhelekanga: Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo kunye nokudinwa okuvakalayo ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Zithini izizathu ze-ITP?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, eyona nto ibangela i-ITP yingxaki kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Nangona kunjalo, i-ITP inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini kuxhomekeke ekubeni kutheni le ngxaki isenzeka.

1. I-ITP ephambili: Kolu hlobo lwe-ITP, akukho sizathu sicacileyo sangaphandle. Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayisebenzi kakuhle.

2. I-ITP yesibini: Kule meko, i-ITP yenzeka ngenxa yesinye isifo okanye usulelo. Umzekelo:

• Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-'HIV' okanye 'Hepatitis C'.
• Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-'H. pylori'.
• Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba ezifana ne-lupus.
• Le meko inokubangelwa nangamanye amayeza.

Uxilongo kunye nonyango

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje,Into yokuqala omele uyenze kukubona ugqirha uze ufumane ingcebiso. Musa ukoyika. Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango aze ahlole umzimba wakho.

Emva koko, baya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile ukuze babone ukuba kukho ezinye izizathu zezi mpawu.

• Inani elipheleleyo legazi (FBC/CBC): Oku kukuxelela ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi kangakanani.
• Ukutshiza igazi okujikeleze igazi: Kule meko, kuthathwa ithontsi legazi lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ukujonga uhlobo lwee-platelet.
• Ezinye iimvavanyo: Ungavavanywa nosulelo olufana ne-HIV kunye ne-Hepatitis C.

Iphathwa njani?

Ayinguye wonke umntu one-ITP oza kuqala unyango ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba aqale unyango okanye angaluqali ngokusekwe kumanani eeplatelet zakho, ubukhali beempawu zakho, kunye nomngcipheko wakho wokopha.

Ukuba kufuneka unyango, kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili ezinikwayo:

• IiCorticosteroids: Ezi luhlobo lokuqala lwamayeza anikwayo. La mayeza asebenza ngokulawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye nokuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kweeplatelets.
• I-Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Olu lunyango olunikezelwa ngemithambo yegazi (njengesisombululo se-saline). Ukuba kukho ukopha kakhulu, kunokunceda ukwandisa inani leeplatelet zakho ngokukhawuleza.
• Utofelo-gazi oluvela kwiPlatelet: Xa kukho ukopha okukhulu okusongela ubomi (umzekelo, ukopha ebuchosheni), iiplatelets ezivela kumntu ophilileyo zinikwa njengengxamiseko.
• Amanye amayeza: Ukuba unyango lokuqala aluyilawuli isifo, amayeza anyusa ukuveliswa kweeplatelet (afana ne-`Elthrombopag`, `Romiplostim`) okanye alawula inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ngezinye iindlela (ezifana ne-`Rituximab`) ayanikwa.
• Ukususwa kweplenectomy: Iplen yindawo enkulu yokutshatyalaliswa kweeplatelet emzimbeni wethu. Ukuba isifo asinakulawulwa ngamayeza, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba kususwe iplen ngotyando kwabanye abantu.

Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uhlala ne-ITP

I-ITP engapheliyo yimeko enokuba nawe ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ukhathalele izinto ezincinci ukuze uzikhusele kwiingozi kunye nokopha ngelixa uphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

• Khuseleka: Kuphephe imidlalo edibanisa abantu efana neragbi nebhola ekhatywayo. Ukuba ukhwela ibhayisekile, qiniseka ukuba unxibe isigcina-ntloko.
• Sebenzisa ibhrashi yamazinyo ethambileyo: Oku kunceda ukuthintela ukwenzakala kweentsini.
• Lumka xa usebenzisa izinto ezibukhali: Cinga kabini ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise izinto ezifana neemela kunye nezikere zokucheba iinzipho.
• Nciphisa uxinzelelo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphumla ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana neyoga nokucamngca.