Khawuthelekelele usandul’ ukubuya kuhambo, mhlawumbi uye kwindawo ekufutshane nehlathi okanye ihlathi elishushu. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, uqala ukuziva ungaphilanga—umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuqhaqhazela, kunye neentlungu zomzimba... Nangona usenokuthi ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, unokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi. Namhlanje, sixoxa ngemalariya, isifo esithwalwa yingcongconi esinokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba asinyangwa ngokukhawuleza.
Yintoni kanye kanye imalariya?
Ngamafutshane, imalariya sisifo esibangelwa yiparasite. Esi parasite singena emzimbeni wakho xa ingcongconi enesifo ikuluma. Inokuba yingozi kakhulu ukuba ayinyangwa.
Nangona iindawo ezininzi zisebenze nzima ukuphelisa imalariya, kubalulekile ukuhlala uphaphile. Ukuba utyelela amazwe aseAfrika, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, okanye kwezinye iindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu bemalariya, usengozini. Ukwaziswa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala ukhuselekile.
Yintoni ebangela imalariya?
I-Malaria ibangelwa liqela lee-parasite ezibizwa ngokuba yiPlasmodium . Ezi zidluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa yi- Anopheles mosquito engumfazi enesifo. Xa i-mosquito enesifo ikuluma, ii-parasite zingena egazini lakho ngamathe ayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zePlasmodium ezibangela imalariya ebantwini. Makhe sizijonge.
| Iintlobo zeZilwanyana | Iinkcukacha eziphambili |
|---|---|
| I-Plasmodium falciparum | Olu lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu . Lunokuqhubeka ngokukhawuleza, lubangele iingxaki ezinzima ezifana nemalariya yobuchopho, enokuba yingozi ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza. |
| P. vivax | Esi silwanyana singahlala silele esibindini sakho, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba siphinde sibuyele esiqhelweni emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka emva kokuba usulelo lokuqala luqalile. |
| I-P. ovale | Njenge-P. vivax, inokuhlala esibindini kwaye ibangele iimpawu eziphindaphindayo. |
| I-P. malariae | Ukuba ayinyangwa, oku kunokubangela usulelo olungapheliyo noluhlala ixesha elide. |
| P. knowlesi | Olu hlobo, olufumaneka kakhulu kwiinkawu, lunokosulela nabantu kwaye lunokuqhubela phambili kwizifo ezinzima ngokukhawuleza—ngamanye amaxesha kwiiyure ezingama-24. |
Isasazeka njani imalariya?
Ngokwesiqhelo, imalariya idluliselwa ngokulunywa yingcongconi yebhinqa enesifo i-Anopheles.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela: I-Malaria ayisuleli njenge-umkhuhlane okanye i-flu. Ayinakusasazwa ngokudibana nje, ukuthimla, okanye ukuthetha nomntu onawo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, inokusasazeka ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
- Utofelo-gazi oluvela kumntu onikelayo onentsholongwane.
- Ukufakelwa kwamalungu omzimba avela kumntu onesifo.
- Ukwabelana ngeenaliti okanye iisirinji ezingcolisiweyo .
- Ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo ukuya kumntwana wakhe ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokuzalwa.
Zithini iimpawu zemalariya?
Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala emva kweentsuku ezili-10-15 emva kokuluma okusulelekileyo, nangona kungathatha ixesha elide. Ngenxa yokuba ezi mpawu zihlala zifana neminye imikhuhlane, zinokubhideka lula.
Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu
- Ukugodola nokungcangcazela
- Ukubila okugqithisileyo
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ukuhlanza kunye nesicaphucaphu
- Intlungu yemisipha kunye namalungu
- Urhudo
- Ukudinwa
Ukuba usulelo luba nzima, unokufumana iimpawu ezisongela ubomi. Musa ukulibazisa ukuba uzibona ezi.
| Iimpawu Eziyingozi | Kufuneka isenzo |
| Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi, yiya kwicandelo lezonyango elikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango esongela ubomi. |
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani imalariya?
Xa ubona umboneleli wezempilo, baza kuxoxa ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yakutshanje yokuhamba. Banokuyalela iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- I-Blood Smear: Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwegolide. Isampuli yegazi ihlolwa phantsi kwe-microscope kwilebhu ukuze kuchongwe ubukho kunye nohlobo lwe-parasite.
- Uvavanyo oluKhawulezayo lokuHlola (RDT): Njengovavanyo lwe-antigen, oku kunika iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo ngemizuzu embalwa, nangona kudla ngokuqinisekiswa nge-smear yegazi elandelayo.
- Uvavanyo lwePCR: Oku kufumanisa iDNA yeparasite egazini lakho kwaye kuchanekile kakhulu ekuchongeni uhlobo oluthile lweparasite.
Unyango kunye noThintelo
Iphathwa njani?
Ukuba ufunyaniswe unemalariya, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo. Amayeza axhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-parasite, ubukhali besifo, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, gqiba yonke ikhosi yamayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele. Ungaze uyeke unyango lwakho kwangethuba, nokuba uzive ungcono.
Ndingahlala njani ndikhuselekile?
Ukuthintela kusoloko kungcono kunokunyanga. Ukuzikhusela kwimalariya:
- Sebenzisa iiNethi zokulala: Ukulala phantsi kwenethi yongcongconi enyangiweyo yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuthintela ukulunywa.
- Nxiba impahla yokuzikhusela: Xa ungaphandle, ingakumbi xa kutshona ilanga nokusa, nxiba iihempe ezineemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde.
- Sebenzisa izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane: Faka izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane ezine-DEET okanye iPicaridin eluswini oluvezwe elubala.
- Ingcebiso Yokuhamba: Ukuba uya kwindawo enobungozi obukhulu, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho kwangaphambili . Banokukunika amayeza okuthintela (ukuthintela) omawuwathathe ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kohambo lwakho.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- I-Malaria lusulelo olubangelwa zizinambuzane olusasazeka kukulunywa ziingcongconi ezinentsholongwane.
- Iimpawu zihlala ziquka umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukugodola, kunye nokubila kakhulu.
- Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu emva kokuhamba uye kwindawo esengozini, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko .
- Funa unyango olungxamisekileyo ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinzima ezifana nokudideka, ukuxhuzula, okanye uxinzelelo lokuphefumla.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela kukuphepha ukulunywa ziingcongconi ngokusebenzisa inethi zokulala, impahla yokuzikhusela, kunye nezinto zokugxotha izinambuzane.
I-Malariya, izifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi, iPlasmodium, iAnopheles, iimpawu zemalariya, unyango lwemalariya
