Khawuthelekelele uhamba umgama omde, mhlawumbi uye kwindawo enamahlathi. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ngequbuliso uzive ugula kakhulu, unomkhuhlane ophezulu, uqhaqhazela, kwaye uneentlungu... Usenokucinga, "Owu, mhlawumbi ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo," kodwa usenokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi. Ewe, namhlanje sithetha ngemalariya, edluliselwa ziingcongconi kwaye inokubeka ubomi esichengeni ukuba ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Yintoni kanye kanye imalariya?
Ngamafutshane, imalariya sisifo esibangelwa yiparasite. Esi parasite singena emizimbeni yethu xa ingcongconi enesifo isiluma. Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha. Nangona imalariya ngoku isusiwe kakhulu eSri Lanka, kusabalulekile ukuhlala usemngciphekweni. Esi sifo sinokwenzeka ngakumbi kubantu abahamba besiya kwiindawo ezikude, ngakumbi eAfrika naseMzantsi Asia, apho umngcipheko wemalariya uphezulu khona. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.
Yintoni ebangela imalariya?
I-Malaria ibangelwa yiparasite ekwi-genus
Plasmodium . Le parasite idluliselwa kuthi yi-
Anopheles mosquito yebhinqa. Xa i-mosquito enesifo ikuluma, ezi parasite zingena egazini lakho ngamathe e-mosquito. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zePlasmodium ezinokubangela i-malaria ebantwini. Makhe sizijonge.
| Iintlobo zeZilwanyana | Amanqaku abalulekileyo |
|---|
| I-Plasmodium falciparum | Olu lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu . Imalariya ebangelwa yile nto inokuba yingozi ngokukhawuleza. Ingachaphazela ingqondo kwaye ibangele izifo ezibulalayo ezifana nemalariya yobuchopho. |
| I-Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) | Olu hlobo lunokuhlala lungapheliyo esibindini sakho luze luphinde lubuye emva kweenyanga, kwaneminyaka, emva kokuba isifo siphelile. |
| I-Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) | Oku kufana ne-P. vivax. Inokubangela ukuba esi sifo siphinde sibuye esibindini. |
| I-Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae) | Ukuba imalariya ebangelwa koku ayinyangwa, inokuba yintsholongwane engapheliyo, ehlala ixesha elide. |
| I-Plasmodium knowlesi (P. knowlesi) | Nangona olu luhlobo oludla ngokuchaphazela iinkawu, ngoku kufunyaniswe ukuba lunokudluliselwa nakubantu. Lunokusasazeka emzimbeni wonke kwiiyure ezingama-24, ngoko ke lunokuba yingozi ngokukhawuleza. |
Isasazeka njani imalariya?
Uninzi lwexesha, imalariya idluliselwa, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ngokulunywa yingcongconi yebhinqa enesifo i-Anopheles.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba imalariya ayisosifo esinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokuchukumisa okanye ngokuthimla , njengomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane. Awunakusasaza esi sifo ngokuthetha okanye ngokuba nomntu onemalariya.
Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, inokudluliselwa ngezinye iindlela.
- Utofelo-gazi oluvela kumntu onesifo.
- Ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba kumntu osulelekileyo.
- Ngokwabelana ngeenaliti neesirinji ezineentsholongwane .
- Ukuba umama okhulelweyo unemalariya, umntwana unokosulelwa ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokubeleka.
Zithini iimpawu zemalariya?
Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-15 emva kokulunywa yingcongconi enesifo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha ixesha elide. Ezi mpawu zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ngoko ke zinokubhideka lula. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo siba sibi kakhulu, ezi mpawu ziyingozi nazo zinokuvela. Ukuba uzibona ezi, kungcono ungalibazisi. Funa Uncedo Lwezonyango Ngokukhawuleza!
| Iimpawu Eziyingozi | Kwenziwe ntoni |
- Ukudideka
- Ukuxhuzula/Ukuxhuzula
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ukutyheli kwamehlo nolusu (i-Jaundice)
- Umchamo omnyama okanye igazi kumchamo
- Ukopha okungaqhelekanga
| Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Oku kungaba yimeko yobomi okanye ukufa. |
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani imalariya?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, imbali yakho yakutshanje yokuhamba, aze emva koko akuyalele uvavanyo oluncinci ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo na imalariya.- I-blood smear: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo noluchanekileyo. Ithontsi legazi elivela emnweni wakho liyathathwa, lifakwe umbala ngendlela ekhethekileyo kwilebhu, lize emva koko lihlolwe ngemakroskopu. Oku kunokumisela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba kukho iiparasite egazini, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo.
- Uvavanyo oluKhawulezayo lokuHlola (RDT): Olu vavanyo lufana novavanyo lwe-antigen lwe-COVID-19. Iziphumo zingafunyanwa kwimizuzu embalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
- Uvavanyo lwe-PCR: Olu vavanyo luvavanya ubukho be-DNA ye-malaria parasite egazini. Oku kunokuqinisekisa uhlobo oluchanekileyo losulelo.
Unyango kunye nokukhuselwa kwi-malaria
Iphathwa njani?
Ukuba ufunyaniswe unemalariya, ugqirha wakho uza kukuqalisa unyango olufanelekileyo. Uhlobo lwamayeza owanikwayo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka uhlobo lwe-parasite onalo, ubukhali besifo, kunye nobudala bakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho, ngokwemilinganiselo emiselweyo, kangangexesha elithile. Musa ukuyeka ukuwathatha phakathi.
Ungazikhusela njani?
“Ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga,” batsho. Ngoko ke kukho izinto ezimbalwa esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwimalariya.- Ukusetyenziswa kwenethi zeengcongconi: Kukhuselekile kakhulu ukusebenzisa inethi yeengcongconi enonyango xa ulele, ingakumbi ukuba ukwindawo apho imalariya iyingozi khona.
- Impahla yokugquma: Ukuba uza kuhamba ngokuhlwa nasebusuku, nxiba ibhulukhwe ende kunye nempahla enemikhono emide.
- Izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane: Faka izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane eluswini oluvezwe elubala. Iimveliso ezine-DEET okanye iPicaridin zezona zisebenzayo.
- Kwabahambi: Ukuba uhambela kwilizwe apho imalariya iyingozi khona, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Unganikwa amayeza akhethekileyo oza kuwathatha ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kohambo lwakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Malaria sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane edluliselwa ngokulunywa yingcongconi enesifo.
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukubanda, kunye nokubila okugqithisileyo zezona mpawu ziphambili.
- Ukuba ukhe waya kwindawo enobungozi bemalariya waza wabonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nezi, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezinzima ezifana nokudideka, ukuxhuzula, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwi-malaria kukuzikhusela kwiingcongconi. Sebenzisa inethi zeengcongconi, impahla egquma umzimba, kunye nesixovuli seengcongconi.
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