Ingaba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luyaphakama ngequbuliso? Masithethe ngeNgxaki yeHypertensive!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, okanye "uxinzelelo" njengoko sonke silwazi, lunyuke kakhulu ngequbuliso? Ngamanye amaxesha ungaziva unesizungu okanye uzive ngathi kukho into engaqhelekanga esifubeni sakho. Le yimeko esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypertensive crisis. Le yimeko enzima kakhulu, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sazi kakuhle ukuba senze ntoni ngayo.

Yintoni ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi? Masifumanise ngokuchanekileyo!

Ngamafutshane, ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi ibakho xa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luba phezulu kakhulu ngequbuliso. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Ufanele ube njani uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi oluqhelekileyo?" Makhe sibone.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo lomntu ophilileyo kufuneka lube ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Inani eliphezulu (uxinzelelo lwe-systolic) : kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-120 millimeters ye-mercury (mm Hg).
• Ixabiso eliphantsi (uxinzelelo lwe-diastolic) : Kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kweemilimitha ezingama-80 ze-mercury (mm Hg).

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha "leNgxaki ePhezulu kweNgqondo" la manani ayanda ngendlela engenakucingelwa:

• Umda ophezulu : 180 mm Hg okanye ngaphezulu, kunye/okanye
• Ixabiso eliphantsi : 120 mm Hg okanye ngaphezulu.

Nantsi into ekufuneka uyikhumbule: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lungxamiseko lwezonyango. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lufikelela kula manqanaba, kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Amaxesha amaninzi, olu hlobo longxamiseko lwenzeka kubantu abanengxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu). Oku kuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo lwabo lwegazi luhlala luphezulu kunesiqhelo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2% yabantu abanoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu banokufumana "ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu". Kodwa, ngokumangalisayo, le meko inokwenzeka nakubani ongazange abe nengxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphambili.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zale nto, akunjalo? Zithini ezo?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale `(ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi)`. Makhe sithethe ngaloo nto ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe .

1. Ungxamiseko lwe-Hypertensive:

Kulapho uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lunyuka kakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-180/120 mm Hg okanye ngaphezulu ebekukhankanyiwe ngaphambili. Kodwa, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, akukho monakalo kwizitho zakho zangaphakathi. Abanye oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuthi "yi-hypertension engalawulekiyo" endaweni yokuthi "yi-Hypertensive Urgency". Ngoko ke, nokuba ligama lini na, into ephambili apha kukubuyisela uxinzelelo lwakho ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba elisempilweni.

2. Ingxamiseko yoxinzelelo lwegazi:

Olu lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu. Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lunyuka kakhulu, kodwa lukwabangela umonakalo omtsha kwizitho zomzimba wakho, okanye luyenza mandundu umonakalo okhoyo.Khawucinge nje, oku kungonakalisa amalungu abalulekileyo anjengentliziyo yakho, i-aorta, amehlo, ubuchopho, kunye nezintso. Neemeko ezifana ne-preeclampsia enzima kunye ne-eclampsia ezenzeka koomama abakhulelweyo ziwela kolu didi lwe-"Hypertensive Emergency".

Usenokuba ukhe weva igama elithi "Malignant Hypertension." Ligama elidala elalisetyenziswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Lalithetha ukunyuka okukhulu kwengcinezelo yegazi ngequbuliso okwabangela umonakalo kwizintso namehlo. Abanye oogqirha basasebenzisa igama elithi "Hypertensive Emergency" xa bethetha "ngeHypertensive Emergency." Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha namhlanje bakhetha ukusebenzisa igama elithi "Hypertensive Emergency" kuba linentsingiselo ecacileyo namhlanje.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho? Uzibona njani?

Iimpawu "zeNgxaki ePhezulu kweNgqondo" zixhomekeke ekubeni amalungu omzimba onakele okanye akunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu (oko kukuthi, xa uxinzelelo luphezulu kakhulu ngaphandle komonakalo wamalungu omzimba) alusoloko lubangela naziphi na iimpawu. Indlela ekuphela kwayo yokwazi ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu kakhulu kukuluvavanya. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha unokuba neempawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukuziva ungakhululekanga kwaye usoyika (Ukuxhalaba)
• Intloko ebuhlungu kancinci.
• Ukopha empumlweni
• Ubunzima obuncinci bokuphefumla

Iimpawu zengxakeko ye-hypertension (oko kukuthi, xa uxinzelelo lubangela umonakalo kumalungu omzimba) zinzima kakhulu kwaye ziquka:

• Utshintsho kwisimo sengqondo (ixhala, ukudideka)
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Isiyezi (vertigo)
• Ukudumba komzimba (i-Edema)
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Ukuphuma komchamo okuncinci kunesiqhelo
• Ukuxhuzula (imeko yokuxhuzula, efana nokubetha kwentliziyo)
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Iimpawu zokukhubazeka (umzekelo, ukugoba ngequbuliso kwelinye icala lobuso, ubunzima bokuthetha, ubuthathaka ngequbuliso kwiingalo kunye/okanye emilenzeni)
• Utshintsho embonweni (njengentlungu yamehlo, ukulahleka kombono, ukubona okufipheleyo ngequbuliso)

Xa ugqirha ekuxilonga, unokubona iimpawu ezifana nezi xa kukho "ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi":

• Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi ye-jugular
• Izandi zokukrazula xa umamele imiphunga
• Izandi zentliziyo ezingaqhelekanga ezazingekho ngaphambili (ukugquma kwentliziyo)
• Iimpawu zomonakalo kwimithambo yegazi ngasemva kweliso
• Ubuthathaka obungaqhelekanga, obungalinganiyo oburhanela imeko yokukhubazeka

Kutheni le meko isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kwenzeke "ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi" efana nale. Makhe sijonge ezona ziphambili:

• Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo kukuba awuzithathi kakuhle amayeza akho oxinzelelo lwegazi nanjengoko kuchaziwe. Ukuba uphosa idosi yakho nangasiphi na isizathu, usengozini yokuba oku kwenzeke.
• Ukuyeka ngequbuliso amayeza asetyenziselwa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Amayeza asebenzisana namanye amayeza owasebenzisayo.
• Isifo sezintso.
• Iingxaki ze-endocrine.
• I-Preeclampsia okanye i-eclampsia ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iziyobisi ezibangela umlutha.
• Ukwenzakala entloko (ukwenzakala entloko).
• Ithumba lobuchopho.
• Amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo kwezinye iimeko.

Amanye amayeza anokubangela "ingxaki yehypertensive" ngala:

• Iintlobo zeeSteroids
• Amanye amayeza okudakumba
• I-Cyclosporine
• I-Pseudoephedrine, efumaneka kwamanye amayeza omkhuhlane nomkhuhlane

Ngubani osengozini enkulu? (Izinto Ezinobungozi)

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba "neNgxaki ePhezulu kweNgqondo" kunabanye. Makhe sibone ukuba bangoobani:

• Kwabo batyebe kakhulu.
• Kwamadoda.
• Kubantu abamnyama (oku kusenokusekelwe kwizinto zemfuza kunye nezentlalo-ntle).
• Iyeza elinikwa uxinzelelo lwegazi lilungile kwabo bangalisebenzisi rhoqo.
• Kwabo basebenzisa amayeza avuselelayo ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.

Zeziphi iingxaki eziyingozi ezinokubangela oku?

Ukuba uxinzelelo lunyuka luye kwinqanaba eliyingozi, lunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla, ngokukhawuleza kokusebenza kwentliziyo (ukusilela kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza).
• Ukuqokelelwa kolwelo ngequbuliso emiphungeni (i-acute pulmonary edema).
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wezintso ngequbuliso (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso).
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-aorta kukukrazuka kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu emzimbeni wakho, i-aorta.
• Ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo (i-intracranial hemorrhage).
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kubangelwa kukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni.
• Istroke esibangelwa kukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni (`ischemic stroke`).
• Ukuphazamiseka okwethutyana kokusebenza kwengqondo (`i-hypertensive encephalopathy`).

Cinga ngobunzulu bayo yonke le nto. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukugcina uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphantsi kolawulo kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho "ingxaki yeHypertensive".

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto ngokuchanekileyo?

Ugqirha uza kuqala alinganise uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho kwiingalo zombini. Emva koko, uza kubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango, athethe ngeempawu zakho, aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Kusenokufuneka benze uvavanyo oluthile ukuze bafumane unobangela wemeko yakho.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo ezinokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lomchamo
• Uvavanyo lwe-Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) olurekhoda izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo
• Uvavanyo lweFundoscopic (uvavanyo lwangaphakathi lweliso)
• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological
• I-Ultrasound yentliziyo (i-Transthoracic echocardiogram)
• I-"Computed Tomography (CT) scan" yesifuba nentloko

Ukuba uneempawu zomonakalo otsha kumalungu omzimba, ugqirha wakho uza kukufumanisa ukuba une-"Hypertensive Emergency". Ukuba azikho ezo mpawu, kuza kuchazwa ukuba "yi-Hypertensive Emergency".

Inyangwa njani? Ngaba inganyangeka ngokukhawuleza?

"Ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi" inyangwa kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele. Oogqirha baza kukunika amayeza baze behlise uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho luye kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo.

• Ukuba akukho monakalo kwilungu lomzimba (kwimeko 'yokungxamiseka kweHypertensive'): Uya kukwazi ukuya ekhaya ngaloo mini inye (uphethe amayeza omawuwathathe ekhaya).
• Kodwa, ukuba une-"Hypertensive Emergency": Kuya kufuneka uhlale kwigumbi lonyango oluphezulu (ICU) lesibhedlele kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Apho, oogqirha baya kukunika amayeza ngqo emthanjeni (indlela ye-"IV - intravenous"). Baya kujonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo.

Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kugqiba ukuba ungalinciphisa njani uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ngokukhawuleza, lithathela ingqalelo ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela ukuba amalungu akho kunye nezicubu zakho zingafumani igazi elaneleyo. Ngoko ke, oogqirha banokulinciphisa kancinci kancinci, kwixesha elingangeeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneemeko ezifana nokuqhekeka kwe-aorta, i-preeclampsia enzima, okanye i-eclampsia, oogqirha baya kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lengxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iingenelo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ngokukhawuleza zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi ezincinci.

Amayeza anikwa unyango

Nazi ezinye zeziyobisi ezinikwayo ukunyanga "ingxaki yeHypertensive":

• 'I-Captopril'
• `Clevidipine`
• `I-Clonidine`
• `I-Esmolol`
• `I-Hydralazine`
• `I-Labetalol`
• `I-Nicardipine`
• `I-Nifedipine`
• `I-Nitroglycerin`
• `I-Nitroprusside`

Oogqirha baza kukhetha amayeza afanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho. Baza kuqwalasela nezinye iimeko zakho zempilo kunye namanye amayeza owasebenzisayo. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki xa ubona la mayeza, ngugqirha/ibhinqa eliza kugqiba ukuba yeyiphi ekulungeleyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luyi-180/120 mm Hg okanye ngaphezulu, fowunela ku-911 (1990 Suwaseriya Ambulance Service eSri Lanka) ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane. Ufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo!

Emva kokuba unyangelwe "ingxaki yeHypertensive", bona ugqirha wakho oqhelekileyo. Usenokugqiba ekubeni "alungise" amayeza akho oxinzelelo lwegazi. Uza kuthetha nawe nangaluphi na utshintsho ekufuneka ulwenze kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.

Umzekelo, ungacetyiswa ukuba utshintshe ukutya okutyayo (landela ukutya okufana nokutya kwe-DASH) okanye wongeze umthambo ngakumbi kwindlela yakho yokwenza izinto.

Ingaba oku kuza kuphinda kwenzeke kum? Yintoni endifanele ndiyazi?

"Ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi" luphawu olubonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi alukho kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Ugqirha wakho angakunceda wehlise uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kwaye alugcine lukwinqanaba elisempilweni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukugcina amadinga akho okulandela kwaye uthathe amayeza akho kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelele.

Kuqhelekile ukuba nabani na azive esoyika xa esiva igama elithi "Ingxaki." Usenokucinga, "Owu, ngaba uxinzelelo lwam lwegazi luza kunyuka ngolu hlobo kwakhona?" Xa ufunyaniswa ukuba une-"Hypertensive Crisis," usenokuzibuza ukuba iza kuyichaphazela njani impilo yakho nekamva lakho.

Kodwa khumbula, zininzi izizathu zokuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lunokuba phezulu kangaka. Oogqirha baqeqeshwe ukuchonga izizathu ezingafaniyo zomntu ngamnye. Wakuba uyazi unobangela, ungathatha amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba kwenzeke kwakhona.

Oku kungabandakanya ukubeka izikhumbuzo zokusela amayeza akho. Okanye, kungathetha ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza owasebenzisayo ngenxa yezizathu ezithile uze uwalungise. Inyathelo ngalinye olithathayo ukulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ngoku liya kukunceda ekukhuseleni kwiingxaki ezinkulu kwixesha elizayo.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule koku (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke, singakukhumbuza kwakhona ngezinto ezibalulekileyo esithethe ngazo ekufuneka uzikhumbule?

• Ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi iyenzeka xa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lunyuka luye kwi-180/120 mm Hg okanye ngaphezulu. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango.
• Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zale nto: `Ungxamiseko oluphezulu lwegazi` olungenamonakalo kwilungu lomzimba kunye `Ungxamiseko oluphezulu lwegazi` olunomonakalo kwilungu lomzimba.
• Iimpawu ziyahluka. Ngamanye amaxesha zisenokungabikho zimpawu konke konke, okanye zinokubandakanya intloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu zesifuba, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle.
• Isizathu esiphambili kukungawasebenzisi kakuhle amayeza anikwe uxinzelelo lwegazi. Isifo sezintso kunye namayeza athile nawo anokubangela oku.
• Ukuba uxinzelelo luyi-180/120 mm Hg okanye ngaphezulu, yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.
• Unyango luquka amayeza okwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Kusenokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele.
• Ukuze oku kungenzeki kwakhona, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo, usele amayeza akho ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye wenze utshintsho olufunekayo kwindlela ophila ngayo.

Okokugqibela, lumkele uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Luhlole rhoqo. Kuba, ukuze uphile ubomi obusempilweni, kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi sonke ukuba siqaphele lo "mbulali uthuleyo". Ukuba uneminye imibuzo, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho okanye umbelethisi. Baza kukunceda!

Uxinzelelo lwegazi , Ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi, Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, Uxinzelelo lwegazi, Isifo sentliziyo, Uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo lwegazi