Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive uloyiko olukhulu kunye nexhala xa usiva ukuba umntu omaziyo kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluPhezulu (ICU) ufakwe kwi-ventilator. Olu loyiko luqiniswa kukungazi okuninzi ngalo matshini. Enyanisweni sisixhobo esixabisekileyo kakhulu esinokunceda kwidabi eliphakathi kobomi nokufa. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngento eyiyo i-ventilator, okanye njengoko ibizwa kwisayensi yezonyango, kwaye yintoni eyenzayo, ngolwimi olulula noluqondakalayo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-ventilator?
I-ventilator ngumatshini onceda umntu ukuba aphefumle xa enengxaki yokuphefumla eyedwa. Cinga ngayo njengokusebenzisa iintonga xa umlenze wakho waphukile. Njengokuba iintonga zikunceda uhambe ngobunzima bakho, i-ventilator ithatha umsebenzi wokuphefumla kwimiphunga yakho, nokuba ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokwezinga elithile.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-ventilator ayilonyango. Yinkqubo yokuxhasa ubomi. Oko kukuthi, inceda ukugcina inkqubo yokuphefumla ide umzimba uphile kwakhona ngezinye iindlela zonyango kunye namayeza.
Ezi zinto zenzeka kakhulu xa usebenzisa i-ventilator:
- Inika imiphunga yakho ioksijini eyifunayo.
- Inceda ukususa igesi ye-carbon dioxide eyingozi eqokelelana emiphungeni.
- Iingxowa zomoya ezincinci ezikwimiphunga, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli, zinika uxinzelelo olufunekayo ukuze zihlale zivulekile ngaphandle kokuwa.
Oogqirha banokuzitshintsha iisetingi zalo matshini ngokweemfuno zesigulana.
Ngaba i-Intubation kunye ne-Ventilation zizinto ezahlukeneyo?
Ewe. Kulapho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. Nangona ezi zinto zimbini zisenzeka kunye, ezi ziinkqubo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu: Inkqubo apho ugqirha efaka khona ityhubhu kwi-windpipe yesigulane (i-trachea) ngomlomo wesigulane.
- Umoya Ongeniswa Ngoomatshini: Oku kuthetha ukudibanisa ityhubhu efakwe ngolu hlobo kwi-ventilator enceda ekuphefumleni.
Kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka ukuqhagamshela i-ventilator kwi-face mask ehambelana kakuhle ebusweni, ngaphandle kokufaka ityhubhu efana nale.
Ziziphi iindlela zokufaka umoya ezifumanekayo?
Iiventilators zityhala umoya emiphungeni zisebenzisa uxinzelelo oluhle. Oku kungenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda olu lwazi, masenze itheyibhile efana nale.
| Uhlobo lokungenisa umoya | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umoya Ongeniswayo Wezixhobo Zokungenisa Umoya (ufakwe ityhubhu) | Kule meko, kufakwa ityhubhu kwindlela yomoya. Le tyhubhu ifakwa ngomlomo (intubation) okanye ngotyando oluncinci entanyeni (tracheostomy) ize iqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator. |
| Umoya ongenasithintelo | Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imaski ehlala kakuhle ebusweni. Le maski iqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator etyhala umoya ungene emiphungeni. Izixhobo ezifana neCPAP okanye iBiPAP®, ezisetyenziswa nasemakhaya, zingena kolu luhlu. |
Ngubani ofuna uncedo lomatshini womoya?
Uncedo lomatshini womoya lunokufuneka nanini na xa umntu engakwazi ukuphefumla eyedwa, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezifana nezi:
- Ngexesha lotyando: I-anesthesia eqhelekileyo iyanciphisa amandla ethu okuphefumla. Ke ngoko, i-ventilator inceda ukugcina ukuphefumla rhoqo kulo lonke utyando.
- Usulelo okanye iimeko ezinzulu zemiphunga: Kwiimeko ezifana ne-pneumonia, i-COVID-19, i-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), kunye nesifo esingapheliyo semiphunga (COPD).
- Iingozi okanye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango: Kwimeko yengozi ebangela ukuvaleka kwendlela yomoya okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla. Umzekelo, i-allergy eqatha (i-anaphylaxis).
- Umonakalo wobuchopho: Umonakalo wobuchopho, ofana nestroke okanye i-coma, unokuthintela umyalezo ovela ebuchosheni oya emiphungeni ukuba ungadluli ngendlela efanelekileyo.
- Ukungalingani kwamanqanaba egesi egazini: Kwiimeko ezifana nokwanda kwekhabhoni diokside egazini (hypercapnia) okanye ukuncipha kweoksijini (hypoxemia).
- Ukuthintela ukutya okanye amathe ukuba angangeni emiphungeni: Kukuthintela ukufunxwa kwezinto (amathe, ukutya) emlonyeni womntu ongazi nto nto leyo ebangela usulelo.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa uqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator?
Ngenxa yokuba umntu oqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator kufuneka ajongwe ngononophelo olukhulu, uhlala egcinwe kwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU).Apho, iqela loogqirha abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa, abahlengikazi, kunye neengcali zonyango lokuphefumla zinyamekela isigulana.
Ukubeka iliso kwisigulana
Uza kuqaphela ukuba umntu omthandayo unezinye iimatshini ezininzi ezinamathele emzimbeni wakhe. Bahlala belinganisa izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi, izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo, izinga lokuphefumla, kunye namanqanaba eoksijini egazini. Bakwathatha nee-X-reyi zesifuba kunye novavanyo lwegazi.
Ukufunxa
I-mucus ingaqokelelana kwindlela yomoya. Ngenxa yoko, abasebenzi bonyango badla ngokufaka ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ukuze kususwe i-mucus. Ngeli xesha, isigulana sinokukhohlela. Oku kusenokuba nzima ukuba ukubukele, kodwa oku kubalulekile ukuze indlela yomoya ihlale icocekile.
Amayeza, ukutya okunempilo kunye nococeko
Amanye amayeza afakwa kwimiphunga ngetyhubhu yokuphefumla. Ekubeni bengakwazi ukutya okanye ukusela, isondlo solwelo sinikwa ngetyhubhu edlula empumlweni iye esiswini. Ulwelo olufunekayo lunikwa ngemithambo yegazi nge-saline.
Ingaba isigulane sivukile?
Oogqirha bazama ukugcina isigulana sikhululekile, sizolile, kwaye silumkile kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yesigulana, kusenokufuneka ukuba sinike isigulana ukuphumla kwaye sivumele umzimba ukuba uphile, okanye silale ubuthongo obunzulu (i-deep sedation). Ngamanye amaxesha, isigulana sinokufuna ukuthintelwa ukuba singazenzakalisi, umzekelo, ukuze sithintelwe ekuzameni ukususa ityhubhu. Oku kwenzelwa ukhuseleko lwesigulana.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi?
Njengalo naluphi na unyango lwezonyango, ukusetyenziswa komatshini womoya kuneengenelo kunye neengozi.
| Iingenelo | Iingozi |
|---|---|
| Akunyanzelekanga ukuba usebenze nzima ukuze uphefumle. Gxila ekuphilisweni nasekulweni naluphi na usulelo olunokufumaneka emzimbeni wakho. | Iintsholongwane zinokuhamba nge-trachea ziye emiphungeni zize zibangele usulelo (umz. i-pneumonia). |
| Umzimba ufumana ioksijini epheleleyo oyidingayo. Ikhabhoni dioksayidi iyasuswa. | Uxinzelelo oluvela kumatshini ngamanye amaxesha lunokonakalisa imiphunga. |
| Ithintela ukuba iingxowa zomoya ezikwimiphunga zingawi. | Indawo ebuthathaka emphungeni inokubangela ukuba imiphunga iwe (pneumothorax). |
| Inceda ukugcina indlela yomoya ivulekile. | Ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kunokuchaphazeleka. |
Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima kakhulu, isigulana sisenokungaphindi sikwazi ukuphefumla sodwa. Kwakhona, ukufaka isigulana kwi-ventilator engenalo ithuba lokuchacha kunokwandisa ngokungeyomfuneko inkqubo yokufa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo ezinobuzaza, kubalulekile ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho kwaye wenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo sesigulana.
Uzikhupha njani kwi-ventilator?
Xa imeko yesigulana iphucukile kwaye oogqirha beqinisekile ukuba banokuphefumla ngokwabo, baqala inkqubo "yokumkhupha" kwi-ventilator. Okokuqala, banciphisa kancinci kancinci inkxaso evela kumatshini baze babone ukuba isigulana singaphefumla ngokwaso na. Ukuba yonke into ilungile, i-endotracheal tube (ET tube) iyasuswa.
Emva kokuba ityhubhu isusiwe, unokuba nomphimbo obuhlungu kunye nokurhawuzelela kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Oku kuqhelekile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umoya ongeniswa ngoomatshini awuyonyango lwesifo, yindlela yokuxhasa ubomi enceda umzimba ukuba uphefumle ude uphile.
- Akukho nto ifanele ixhalabise ngayo le nto. Iqela lezonyango eliqeqeshiweyo kwicandelo lokhathalelo oluphezulu linyamekela kakhulu isigulana.
- Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iingozi, kodwa iqela lezonyango lihlala lizama ukunciphisa ezo ngozi.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Baza kukuchazela imeko.
- Okokugqibela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nabani na axoxe ngeminqweno yakhe nosapho lwakhe malunga nonyango afanele alufumane ukuba unesifo esinzulu, nangona esempilweni.
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