Mhlawumbi ukhe weva umntu okwiyunithi yokhathalelo oluphezulu (ICU) esithi "baqhagamshelwe kumatshini." Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kubhekisa kwii-ventilators, kodwa kukho umatshini okhethekileyo osetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi, ezinzulu kakhulu. Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-ECMO. Kulungile, masithethe ngale nto namhlanje, ukuba yintoni kanye kanye, isebenza njani, kwaye ngubani ofanelekileyo kuyo.
Yintoni i-ECMO? Isebenza njani?
Ngamafutshane, i-ECMO (i-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) yinkqubo yokuxhasa ubomi eyenziweyo engaphandle komzimba enceda intliziyo nemiphunga yomntu ukuba iphumle kwaye iphile xa zombini zingasebenzi kakuhle.
Cinga nje, imiphunga yethu yongeza ioksijini egazini ize isuse i-carbon dioxide engafunekiyo. Intliziyo yethu ipompa eli gazi lineoksijini emzimbeni wonke. Ngoku, ukuba zombini ezi zinto azisebenzi kakuhle, ubomi bethu busemngciphekweni omkhulu.
Nantsi into eyenziwa ngumatshini we-ECMO:
1. Ityhubhu (i-cannula) ifakwa kumthambo omkhulu wegazi entanyeni yakho, esifubeni, okanye emqolo, kwaye igazi likhutshwa kancinci kancinci emzimbeni wakho ngayo.
2. Eli gazi lithunyelwa ngempompo ukuya kumatshini okhethekileyo. Lo matshini ufana nomphunga wokwenziwa. Wongeza ioksijini egazini kwaye ususa ikharbon diokside.
3. Emva koko igazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho ngomnye umbhobho.
Ngale ndlela, umatshini we-ECMO uthatha okwethutyana umsebenzi wentliziyo nemiphunga. Oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo nemiphunga egulayo nediniweyo inikwa ixesha lokuphumla nokuphiliswa ngaphandle komthwalo. Oku kufana nokubeka iplasta emlenzeni owaphukileyo uze uwuphumze.
I-ECMO iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-ventilator eqhelekileyo. I-ventilator impompa umoya nje emaphaphu, kodwa i-ECMO inokongeza i-oxygen ngqo egazini.
Lufuneka nini unyango lwe-ECMO?
I-ECMO yindlela yokugqibela, esetyenziswa kuphela kwizigulana ezinobungozi kakhulu nezisongela ubomi. Oogqirha badla ngokucinga nge-ECMO kwezi meko.
| Imeko yezonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) |
|
| Umonakalo wentliziyo | |
| Iintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa | |
| Utyando kunye nokufakelwa amalungu omzimba |
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi zonyango lwe-ECMO?
Nangona i-ECMO sisixhobo esimangalisayo sokusindisa ubomi, ikwanazo neengozi kunye neengxaki ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuzazi zombini ezi zinto.
Iingenelo eziphambili ze-ECMO
- Ukuphumla kwamalungu omzimba: Kunika intliziyo nemiphunga egulayo ixesha lokuphumla kunye nexesha abalidingayo ukuze baphile.
- Inkxaso yobomi: Inceda ukugcina isigulana siphila de kube yinto efana nokufakelwa amalungu omzimba.
- Inkxaso yoSana: Iintsana ezineengxaki zentliziyo okanye zemiphunga ezizalwa nazo zinikwa ithuba lokuchacha.
Iingozi kunye neengxaki ze-ECMO
Izigulana ezifumana unyango lwe-ECMO zihlala zijongwa ngoogqirha abaziingcali kunye nabasebenzi bonyango oluphezulu ngenxa yeengozi ezinokubakho.
- Ukopha: Ukopha kunokwenzeka kuba iityhubhu zifakwa kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu. Kwakhona, umngcipheko wokopha uyanda ngenxa yamayeza anikwayo ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Ukuqunjelwa kwegazi (Ukuqunjelwa kwegazi):Amahlwili egazi anokwenziwa ngaphakathi kwityhubhu yomatshini we-ECMO. Ukuba eli hlwili liya engqondweni, linokubangela imeko enzima efana nestroke.
- Usulelo: Ekubeni ityhubhu ifakwa ngenxeba eluswini, iintsholongwane zinokungena emzimbeni zize zibangele usulelo olukhulu.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle komatshini: Umatshini we-ECMO sisixhobo esintsonkothileyo. Ukuba kukho ukungasebenzi kakuhle kobuchwephesha, kunokuba yingozi ebomini bomguli.
- Istroke: Kukho umngcipheko westroke ngenxa yotshintsho kwindlela igazi elihamba ngayo engqondweni okanye ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
Unexesha elingakanani uqhagamshelwe kwi-ECMO?
Ubude bexesha umntu eqhagamshelwe kumatshini we-ECMO buyahluka ukusuka kwisigulana ukuya kwisigulana. Kuxhomekeke kwimeko yempilo ekhokelele ekubeni kufuneke i-ECMO. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukuba kwi-ECMO iintsuku ezimbalwa, ngelixa abanye banokufuna ukuba kwi-ECMO iiveki.
Oogqirha bajonga rhoqo ukusebenza kwentliziyo nemiphunga yesigulana. Xa amalungu omzimba ebonisa iimpawu zokuphola, aqala kancinci ukuyekisa isigulana kumatshini we-ECMO. Le nkqubo idla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintlanu.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-ECMO ayilonyango lomntu ongenathemba lokuchacha. Yeyomntu onokukwazi ukuchacha, kodwa ofuna ixesha nenkxaso.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimeko apho i-ECMO ingenakusetyenziswa khona?
Ewe. Unyango lwe-ECMO alufanelekanga kuye wonke umntu. Kwezinye iimeko, iingozi zinokuba ngaphezulu kweenzuzo ze-ECMO. I-ECMO ayisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimeko ezinjalo.
- Kwabo banezifo zentliziyo okanye zemiphunga ezingenakunyangwa okanye ezingenakutshayelwa.
- Ukuba kukho umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa engqondweni okanye kwezinye izitho eziphambili, ezifana nesibindi.
- Ukuba unomhlaza osasazeke emzimbeni wonke.
- Ukuba kukho ukopha okungalawulekiyo emzimbeni, ingakumbi ukopha ngaphakathi entloko.
Olu hlobo lwesigqibo lwenziwa liqela loogqirha abaziingcali emva kokufunda ngononophelo imeko yesigulana. Ukuba umntu omthandayo unale meko, kungcono ucele ugqirha onyangayo okanye ugqirha ukuba akunike ulwazi oluthe kratya.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ECMO yinkqubo esindisa ubomi esebenza njengentliziyo kunye nemiphunga yokwenziwa ngaphandle komzimba.
- Oku kusetyenziswa kuphela kwizigulana ezinobungozi kakhulu ezintliziyo nemiphunga ezingasebenzi kakuhle okwethutyana.
- Umatshini we-ECMO unika amalungu agulayo ukuphumla, uwanika ixesha nethuba lokuphiliswa.
- Nangona olu nyango luluncedo kakhulu, lukwathwala iingozi ezinkulu ezifana nokopha, ukuqhekeka kwegazi, kunye nosulelo.
- Naziphi na izigqibo malunga nonyango lwe-ECMO zenziwa ngoogqirha abaziingcali. Ukuba uneengxaki, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho.
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