Ngaba ngequbuliso ukhe waphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu kakhulu enomkhuhlane ophezulu, waza waziva uqinile kangangokuba awukwazi nokushukumisa intamo yakho? Okanye ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci ukhe waba nomkhuhlane, ukhala rhoqo, kwaye akaphumli kakhulu ngaphandle kokusela ubisi? Ezi azizo iimpawu ekufuneka sizityeshele nje. Kuba emva kwezi mpawu, kunokubakho imeko eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi "brain fever" okanye i-meningitis, esiye sayiva sonke, efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ngoko ke, musani ukoyika, masiqaphele oku.
Yintoni iMeningitis?
Ngamafutshane, ingqondo, efana neziko lolawulo lomzimba wethu, kunye nomthambo womqolo owudibanisayo kwaye ubaleka uye emqolo, zizitho ezimbini ezibuthathaka nezibalulekileyo. Ukukhusela ezi zitho zimbini zixabisekileyo, zijikelezwe sisigqubuthelo esenziwe ngee-membrane ezintathu ezithambileyo. Ngokwezonyango sizibiza ezi membrane ngokuthi yi-meninges . Zicinge njengento efana neengqimba zokukhusela ngaphakathi kwesigcina-ntloko. Ngaphakathi kwezi meninges kukho imithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Ngoko ke, ukuba ngesizathu esithile ezi membrane ze-meningeal ziyasuleleka kwaye zidumbe, oko kukuthi, ukuba ziyadumba, yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-meningitis . Xa ezi membrane zidumba, uxinzelelo engqondweni nasemgogodleni luyanda. Oku kunokuba yimeko eyingozi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ide ibeke ubomi esichengeni. Ke ngoko, sikujonga oku njengengxamiseko yezonyango.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili ze-meningitis?
Ewe, sahlulahlula i-meningitis ibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili ngokusekwe kwisizathu. Ezo ziintlobo ezibangelwa zizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane kunye neentlobo ezibangelwa zezinye izizathu ezingezizo ezosulelayo.
| Iintlobo zezifo ezosulelayo | Iintlobo ezingezizo ezosulelayo |
|---|---|
| I-meningitis ebangelwa ziintsholongwane: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo noluyingozi. | I-Autoimmune meningitis: Inokubangelwa ziingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. |
| I-viral meningitis: Ihlala ingabi yingozi kangako kune-bacterial type. | I-carcinomatous meningitis: Ibangelwa kukusasazwa kweeseli zomhlaza kwi-meninges. |
| I-meningitis yefungal: Ayiqhelekanga kangako. | I-aseptic meningitis ebangelwa ngamayeza (i-DIAM): Ayifane ibangelwe ngamayeza athile. |
| I-parasitic meningitis: Imeko engaqhelekanga ebangelwa zi-parasites. | I-meningitis emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu: Inokwenzeka emva kokwenzakala okukhulu entloko. |
Ukongeza, oogqirha babhekisa kule meko ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:
- I-Acute: Iimpawu zibonakala ngequbuliso, ngequbuliso. I-bacterial meningitis idla ngokuwela kolu didi.
- Ezingapheliyo: Iimpawu zikhula kancinci kancinci kwaye zihlala inyanga okanye ngaphezulu.
- I-Aseptic: Ukuba ulwelo lwakho lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) luvavanyiwe kwaye akukho bhaktheriya ifunyenweyo, oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi-aseptic meningitis. Oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubangelwa lusulelo lwentsholongwane.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo? Ungasibona njani?
Iimpawu zeMeningitis zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka. Ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci, iimpawu zahlukile kakhulu kwezo zabantu abadala. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.
| Iimpawu zabantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala | Iimpawu zeentsana ezincinci |
|---|---|
| Ifiva | I-fontanelle evuvukileyo (i-fontanelle evuvukileyo) |
| Ukuqina kwentamo (ubunzima bokugoba) | Ukwala okanye ukunciphisa ukuthathwa kobisi |
| Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu | Ukukhala rhoqo, ukungazinzi |
| Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya (i-Photophobia) | Ukozela rhoqo, ubunzima bokuvuka |
| Ukuhlanza okanye isicaphucaphu | Ukudinwa |
| Ukudideka, ingqondo etshintshileyo | |
| Ukuziva udiniwe, ubuthongo obugqithisileyo | |
| Umnqweno wokutya |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho unezi mpawu, ungalindi ixesha elide. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngokukhawuleza. Ugqirha unokuxilonga ukuba kwenzeka ntoni aze aqalise unyango ngoko nangoko.
Injani intloko ebuhlungu ye-meningitis?
Oku akufani nentloko eqhelekileyo. Intloko ebuhlungu ebangelwa yi-meningitis idla ngokuba buhlungu kakhulu . Intlungu ingaphuma entanyeni iye emgogodleni okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ukushukumisa intamo ukuya phambili, ingakumbi ukuzisa isilevu esifubeni, kunokuba buhlungu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basenokungaziva ntlungu ingako. Ngoko ke, ukuba unezinye iimpawu, musa ukulinda de intloko ibe buhlungu kakhulu.
Yintoni ebangela i-meningitis? Ingaba isuka komnye umntu iye komnye?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-meningitis inokubangelwa zizifo ezosulelayo nezo zingasuleliyo.
- I-meningitis ebangelwa ziintsholongwane: Ihlala ibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-'Streptococcus pneumoniae' kunye ne-'Neisseria meningitidis'.
- I-meningitis ebangelwa ziintsholongwane: Inokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-'Enteroviruses'.
- I-meningitis yefungus: Ingabangelwa kukuphefumla iintlobo ezithile zefungus ezifumaneka kwindawo esingqongileyo, ezifana ne-'Cryptococcus neoformans'.
- I-parasitic meningitis: Imeko engaqhelekanga ebangelwa kukutya ezinye ii-parasites.
- Ezinye izizathu: Ukulimala kakhulu entloko, ezinye ii-cancer, izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba ezifana ne-lupus, kwaye, kunqabile, amayeza athile anokubangela i-meningitis.
Ngoku umbuzo omkhulu onokuthi uzibuze wona kukuba ingaba iyasulela na. Kaloku, 'imeko' ye-meningitis (oko kukuthi, ukudumba kwe-meninges) ayisuleli ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Nangona kunjalo, iintsholongwane ezibangela i-meningitis ebangelwa ziintsholongwane kunye ne-viral zinokusulela ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oku kwenzeka ngezinto ezifana nokuthimla, ukukhohlela, ukwanga, okanye ukutya kwisitya esinye.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci yokuba ne-meningitis kunabanye.
- Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kunye nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
- Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abantu abane-HIV, abo banyangwa ngumhlaza).
- Abantu abasuswe ulusu lwabo.
- Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo zendlebe nempumlo.
- Abantu abaye benza utyando lobuchopho okanye lomqolo.
- Abantu abahlala kwiindawo apho abantu abaninzi bahlala kunye, njengakwindlu yokuhlala ekhampasini okanye kwiziko lomkhosi.
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?
Xa usiya esibhedlele, into yokuqala eyenziwa ngugqirha kukumamela ngononophelo iimpawu zakho aze akuhlole. Emva koko, kufuneka benze iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa isifo kunye nokufumanisa unobangela ochanekileyo.
- Ukuthatha isampuli empumlweni okanye emqaleni: Jonga iintsholongwane.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga iimpawu zosulelo.
- I-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan: Ukujonga ukuba kukho ukudumba okujikeleze ingqondo.
- Ukubhobozwa kweLumbar / i-spinal tap: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Oku kuquka ukufaka inaliti encinci kakhulu emqolo wakho ongezantsi uze uthathe isampuli encinci yolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) uze uyithumele kwilebhu. Olu lwelo lungavavanywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba une-meningitis na kwaye ingaba ibangelwa yibhaktheriya okanye yintsholongwane. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika olu vavanyo, njengoko oogqirha belwenza ngononophelo olukhulu.
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu se-meningitis.
- Ii-antibiotics ezinamandla ezifakwa kwimithambo yegazi kwi -meningitis yebhaktheriyaKufuneka siqale kungekudala. Le yingxamiseko.
- I-viral meningitis idla ngokuziphelela kwisithuba seentsuku ezisi-7-10. Ukuphumla, ulwelo, kunye neyeza zokudambisa iintlungu zezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezithile, ezifana ne-herpesvirus, amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane anokufuneka.
- Amayeza okulwa nefungus anikwa abantu abanesifo se-fungus meningitis .
- Ukongeza, ii-corticosteroids zinikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba, iintlungu kunye namayeza omkhuhlane, kunye ne-saline (IV fluids) ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
Ngaba i-meningitis ingathintelwa?
Nangona ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Gonyelwa: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kukho imigonyo esebenzayo yokulwa nezinye iintsholongwane ezibangela i-meningitis yebhaktiriya. Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana zonke izigonyo azidingayo ngokweshedyuli yesizwe yokugonyelwa.
- Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle: Ukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezininzi.
- Zigcine kude nabantu abanezifo ezisulelayo: Kuphephe ukusondelana nabantu abakhohlelayo nababandayo.
- Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo xa ukhohlela kwaye uthimla.
- Lumka ngokutya namanzi: Yitya ukutya okuphekiweyo kakuhle. Kuphephe ukusela okanye ukudada emanzini angcolileyo.
- Ukhuseleko kwiingcongconi kunye neenkowane.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Meningitis yimeko engxamisekileyo apho ii-membrane ezijikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo zidumba khona, nto leyo efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
- Umkhuhlane okhawulezileyo, intloko ebuhlungu enganyamezelekiyo, kunye nokuqina kwentamo zezona mpawu ziphambili kubantu abadala.
- Iimpawu kwiintsana ezincinci ziyahluka. Ezona ziphambili ziquka ukudumba kweengono, ukungaseli ubisi, ukukhala kakhulu, kunye nokulala.
- Ukuba ubona enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi kwaye luthintele iingxaki.
- Ukugonyelwa i-bacterial meningitis yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela esi sifo. Fumana i-vaccine yakho neyabantwana bakho ngexesha.
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