Ucinga ukuba intloko yomntwana wakho incinci kancinci? Masithethe nge-'Microcephaly'

Xa umama okanye utata ejonge usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, uvuyo oluza ezintliziyweni zabo alunakubonakaliswa ngamazwi, akunjalo? Kwangaxeshanye, sijonga ngononophelo ukuba yonke into ilungile na kumntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha, intloko yomntwana ingabonakala incinci xa ithelekiswa nomzimba wonke. Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa ubona oku. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuthi 'yiMicrocephaly'. Ngoko ke, ungakhathazeki. Masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe namhlanje, nangendlela ekhululekileyo.

Ngoko ke, yintoni le 'microcephaly'?

Ngamafutshane, i-microcephaly kuxa intloko yomntwana wakho incinci kunokuba bekulindelwe ngokweminyaka yakhe kunye nobukhulu bomzimba wakhe. Uyazi ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka? Kwenzeka xa ingqondo yomntwana ithatha ixesha elide ukukhula okanye xa ingqondo ingaphuhli ngokupheleleyo. Ubusazi ukuba ubungakanani bentloko yomntwana buxhomekeke kubukhulu bobuchopho bakhe? Olu phuhliso lobuchopho lwenzeka ngexesha umntwana esesibelekweni nasebuntwaneni bakhe emva kokuzalwa. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho into ephazamisa uphuhliso lobuchopho ngeli xesha, intloko inokuba ncinci.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili ze-microcephaly?

Ewe, zimbini iintlobo eziphambili. Masibone ukuba zeziphi:

1. I-Microcephaly yokuqala okanye ezelweyo: Oku kuxa intloko yomntwana incinci xa ezalwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yengxaki eyenzekileyo ngelixa umntwana wayesesesibelekweni sikanina.

2. I-Microcephaly yesibini okanye efunyenweyo: Kwimeko enjalo, nangona umntwana enentloko eqhelekileyo xa ezalwa, ukukhula kwentloko kuyaphazamiseka njengoko umntwana ekhula kwaye imeko ikhula.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko? Ngaba kufuneka ndixhalabe?

I-Microcephaly yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba nakwilizwe elifana neMelika, ichaphazela phakathi komntwana omnye kwiintsana ezingama-800 ukuya kuma-5,000. Ngoko ke, ayiqhelekanga kangako. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unale meko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungaphakuzeli kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-'Microcephaly'? Siyibona njani?

Uphawu oluphambili, njengoko igama lisitsho, yintloko encinci. Kuba, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ubungakanani bentloko buxhomekeke kubukhulu bobuchopho.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, ukongeza koku kuxinwa kwentloko, ukungaqheleki ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo kunokuchaphazela nokusebenza kwengqondo yomntwana. Emva koko, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela. Ubunzima bezi mpawu bungahluka kumntu nomntu. Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Ukuxhuzula: Ukuxhuzula ngequbuliso kunye nokulahlekelwa zingqondo.
• Imiba yophuhliso lwengqondo: Amandla okuqonda nokufunda anokuncipha.
• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso:Izinto ezifana nokuqala ukuthetha, ukuma, nokuhamba zisenokuba emva kwexesha kunabanye abantwana.
• Iingxaki ngokulinganisela umzimba, intshukumo, kunye nokulungelelanisa: njengokungakwazi ukugcina ulungelelwano ngelixa uhamba okanye ukungakwazi ukulungelelanisa amalungu ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ubunzima bokutya okanye ukuginya: Umntwana unokuba nobunzima bokuncanca nokuginya ukutya.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuva okanye ukubona: Ezinye iintsana zinokuba neengxaki zokubona okanye zokuva.

Khumbula, ezi mpawu zinokuba yingozi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha zide zibeke ubomi esichengeni. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana basenokungabi nazo ezinye iimpawu ngaphandle kwentloko etyumkileyo. Ke ngoko, indlela oku okuchaphazela ngayo umntu ngamnye yahlukile.

I-microcephaly iyichaphazela njani inkqubela yomzimba yomntwana wam?

Njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula, ubuso bakhe buyaqhubeka nokukhula, kodwa ukhakhayi alubi lukhulu kangako. Oku kunokwenza ubuso bomntwana bubonakale bukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu bentloko yakhe. Ukongeza, ungaphawula oku kulandelayo:

• Ibunzi elibuyela umva.
• Intloko evulekileyo neshwabeneyo.
• Ubunzima obungaphantsi kobo beminyaka yabo.

Kutheni le nto 'i-microcephaly' yenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Eyona nto ibangela i-microcephaly kukuncipha kophuhliso lobuchopho okanye utshintsho kwindlela ekhula ngayo ingqondo yomntwana. Makhe sijonge ezinye izizathu ezithile:

• Utshintsho lwemfuza okanye iimeko zemfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa: Oku kunokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezifana neDown syndrome, umzekelo.
• Ukungabikho koxia okanye i-anoxia kwi-cerebral: Oku kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokubeleka.
• Ukudibana kwangoko kwe-skull sutures (craniosynostosis): Ngokwesiqhelo, kukho izithuba ezincinci (i-sutures) phakathi kwamathambo e-skull yomntwana ukuvumela ingqondo ukuba ikhule. Ukuba ezi-sutures zivala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kuya kuba ncinci indawo yokuba ingqondo ikhule.
• Usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane: Ezinye iintsholongwane ezifunyanwa ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umzekelo, i-rubella, i-toxoplasmosis, i-cytomegalovirus, kunye ne-Zika virus, zinokuchaphazela umntwana.
• Ukulimala okanye ukwenzakala engqondweni.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko we-microcephaly?

Ngelixa umntwana esakhula esibelekweni, umngcipheko wokuba ne-microcephaly unokwanda ukuba umntwana ujongene nezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye iziyobisi ngumama (ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala okanye ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi).
• Ityhefu yeMercury okanye yelothe.
• Iingxaki zesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.
• Ukungondleki kakuhle komama.
• Iingxaki zezifo ze-metabolic ezifana ne-phenylketonuria.
• Iintsholongwane ezithile ezenzeka kumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Yingakho umama kufuneka akhathalele kakhulu impilo yakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ziziphi iingxaki ze-microcephaly?

Ukuba iimpawu ze-microcephaly zinzima, zinokubeka ubomi esichengeni. Kunzima ukutsho ngqo ukuba uphuhliso olungaqhelekanga lwengqondo yomntwana luya kumchaphazela njani ubomi bakhe bonke. Ke ngoko, unyango kunye nokubekwa esweni ubomi bakhe bonke kunokufuneka ukuthintela iingxaki.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'microcephaly'?

Ngamanye amaxesha, le meko inokubonwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, ngelixa esesesibelekweni sikanina, nge -ultrasound yokukhulelwa . Olu hlobo lokuxilongwa ludla ngokuvela ekupheleni kwekota yesibini okanye yesithathu yokukhulelwa.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, esi sifo sifunyanwa kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuzalwa. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kulinganisa umjikelo wentloko yomntwana ngeteyipu yokulinganisa. Emva koko, baza kuthelekisa loo mlinganiselo nobukhulu bentloko obuqhelekileyo bezinye iintsana ezineminyaka, ubunzima, nobude.

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-microcephaly eqala kamva, ugqirha usenokuyixilonga esengumntwana, xa iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha uya kulinganisa umjikelo wentloko yomntwana. Ugqirha unokukubuza nokuba umntwana wakho uhlangabezana njani neziganeko zokukhula (ezifana nokukhasa, ukuhamba) ezifanelekileyo kubudala bakhe.

Ithini le percentile yokujikeleza kwentloko?

I-percentile linani elikwisikali ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwi-100. Libonisa apho umntu athelekiswa khona nabanye. Le percentile inceda oogqirha ukuba baxilonge izifo ezithile. Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba une-microcephaly, umjikelezo wentloko yomntwana wakho kufuneka ube kwi-percentile yesi-3 okanye ngaphantsi. Umjikelezo wentloko kwi-percentile yesi-3 uthetha ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-3% yazo zonke iintsana zinentloko encinci kunomndilili, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-97% zinentloko enkulu kunomndilili. Ngamafutshane, kwiintsana ezili-100 zaloo minyaka, intloko yomntwana wakho iphakathi kwezi-3 ezincinci.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga i-microcephaly?

Ukuba ugqirha womntwana wakho urhanela ukuba une-microcephaly, uza kulinganisa umjikelo wentloko yomntwana wakho aze enze olunye uvavanyo ukuze afumanise ukuba yintoni ebangela oko. Oku kungabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lomfanekiso:I-ultrasound yentloko okanye i-MRI yobuchopho inokujonga ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwiijini zomntwana okanye ukuba kukho naziphi na iimeko zempilo ezingabonakaliyo.

Inyangwa njani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Microcephaly'? Ngaba inganyangeka?

Inyaniso kukuba, okwangoku akukho nyango lwe-microcephaly. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu zesi sifo kwaye luncede umntwana wakho aphile ubomi obungcono kangangoko. Olu nyango kulindeleke ukuba:

• Ukunyanga ezinye iimeko zempilo ezingabonakaliyo, ukuba zikhona.
• Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zophuhliso ezinceda umntwana afikelele kwimigangatho efanelekileyo yomzimba nokufunda ngokweminyaka. Ezi zinokubandakanya iinkqubo zemfundo ekhethekileyo, iindlela zokufunda ezisekelwe ekudlaleni, nokunye.
• Unyango olufana nonyango lokuthetha, unyango lomsebenzi, kunye nonyango lomzimba lunokukunceda ukuthetha, ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kunye nokwakha amandla.
• Iinkqubo zenkxaso ekhethekileyo yemfundo esikolweni.
• Ukuba kukho ukuxhuzula, nika amayeza afunekayo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho aqalise naluphi na unyango olutsha, ingakumbi amayeza amatsha, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemiphumo enokubakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela into ekufuneka uyiqaphele.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba umntwana wam une-microcephaly?

Nangona kungekho unyango oluhlala luhleli lwe-microcephaly, ngoku siyazi ukuba kukho unyango olunokunceda umntwana aphile ngempumelelo neempawu zakhe. Kuphela xa umntwana ekhula kwaye ekhula apho oogqirha banokuyiqonda ngokupheleleyo impembelelo yeso simo. Ke ngoko, oogqirha baya kumjonga umntwana rhoqo ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni ukuqinisekisa ukuba akabi nazo naziphi na ezinye iingxaki.

Iqela lezonyango elinyamekela umntwana wakho lidla ngokuquka oogqirha babantwana, iingcali zemithambo-luvo, kunye neengcali ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Baza kubonelela ngonyango, imfundo, kunye nesikhokelo esifunekayo ukuphucula impilo nempilo-ntle yomntwana wakho. Awuwedwa, kwaye baninzi abantu abanokukunceda.

Ingakanani ixesha lokuphila komntwana one-microcephaly?

Oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubunzulu bemeko. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba umntwana akanazo iingxaki ezinkulu, unokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba ichaphazele kakhulu ukusebenza kwengqondo yomntwana, ixesha lokuphila linokwehla.

Ngaba iMicrocephaly ingathintelwa?

Nangona singenakukwazi ukulawula ezinye zezizathu, ukuzinyamekela kakuhle ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho abe ne-microcephaly. Oku kulandelayo kunokunceda:

• Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo. Imifuno eluhlaza, imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nokutya okunesondlo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Lawula ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo (umz. isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).
• Ukuziphepha ngokupheleleyo iikhemikhali ezinobungozi okanye izinto ezinje ngotywala neziyobisi.
• Ukuya rhoqo kwiimvavanyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokujonga ukukhula komntwana esibelekweni.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento onokuyenza ukuze uhlale usempilweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Baza kukunika icebiso elihle kakhulu.

Ndifanele ndimse nini umntwana wam kugqirha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha:

• Ukuba umntwana wakho akafikeleli kwimigangatho yokukhula efanelekileyo ngokweminyaka yakhe (umz., ukungaphakamisi intloko yakhe ngexesha, ukungancumi, ukungakhaseli).
• Ukuba akaphenduli kwigama lakhe okanye kumyalelo olula.
• Ukuba kunzima ukutya okanye ukuginya ukutya.
• Ukuba amehlo akho akakulandeli okanye into ehambayo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba umntwana wakho unesithuthwane, mse kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-microcephaly, unokuba nemibuzo emininzi. Musa ukuthandabuza ukubuza ugqirha izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ngaba umntwana wam une-microcephaly enzima?
• Le meko iza kuyichaphazela njani inkqubela yomntwana wam?
• Ngaba ndifanele ndibhalise umntwana wam kwiinkqubo zemfundo ekhethekileyo ukuze ndimncede afunde?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza owanike wona?
• Zeziphi iimpawu zeengxaki ekufuneka ndiziqaphele?

I-Microcephaly yimeko apho intloko yomntwana incinci kunokuba bekulindelwe. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ukhathazekile xa ufunda into efana nale. Kodwa khumbula, iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho liza kujonga ukukhula komntwana wakho kwaye libonelele ngeenkonzo ezifunekayo ukumnceda. Ukuba uqaphela ukuba umntwana wakho ufike kade ekufikeleleni kumanqanaba obudala bakhe, njengokuhamba okanye ukuthetha amazwi akhe okuqala, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukungenelela kwangoko kunokuba luncedo olukhulu njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula.

Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya Ovela Kwinto Esithetha Ngayo

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwento esithethe ngayo apha malunga 'neMicrocephaly', masishwankathele amanqaku abalulekileyo ekufuneka siwakhumbule:

• I-Microcephaly ayisiyonto yokoyika, kodwa yimeko ekufuneka ixhalatyelwe: Ewe, inxulumene nophuhliso lwengqondo yomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, ayichaphazeli bonke abantwana ngendlela efanayo.
• Zininzi izizathu ezinokubangela oku: izinto ezibangela imfuza, usulelo umama analo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kunye nokungabikho kokutya okunempilo.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kubalulekile: Oku kunokubonwa ekuzalweni okanye nge-prenatal scans. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, amanyathelo afunekayo anokuthathwa ngokukhawuleza.
• Akukho nyango, kodwa lukhona uncedo: Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo, kukho unyango oluninzi, unyango, kunye neenkonzo zenkxaso ezinokunceda umntwana aphile ubomi obuhle. Ukungenelela kwangoko yeyona nto ilungileyo.
• Impilo kamama ibaluleke kakhulu: Umngcipheko wokuba nezi meko ungancitshiswa ngokuqinisekisa ukuba umama usempilweni entle, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, nokulandela iingcebiso zonyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Awuwedwa: Oogqirha, iingcali zonyango, kunye nosapho bakho bonke ukunceda wena nomntwana wakho. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo nokucela uncedo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unamathandabuzo ngomntwana wakho, musa ukuyigcina entliziyweni yakho loo nto kwaye ukhathazeke, kodwa bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Leyo yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza.

I- Microcephaly, intloko encinci, uphuhliso lwengqondo yosana, ukulibaziseka kophuhliso, izifo zemfuza, impilo yokukhulelwa, impilo yomntwana