Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emincinci engqondweni (Isifo se-Microvascular Ischemic): Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba nawe uyazilibala izinto ezincinci njengoko ukhula? Ngaba ufumana kunzima ukugcina ingqondo yakho ikwindawo enye? Ngamanye amaxesha ucinga ukuba ezi ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokwaluphala, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho esinye isizathu sempilo emva koku. Ewe, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko echaphazela imithambo yegazi emincinci engqondweni yethu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Microvascular Ischemic Disease)`. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni le, ngubani oyifumanayo, kwaye zithini iimpawu zayo.

Yintoni le (iSifo seMicricular Ischemic)? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, `(Isifo seMikrovascular Ischemic)` ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela leenguqu ezahlukeneyo ezenzeka kwimithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu, ethambileyo (esiyibiza ngokuba yi`(imithambo yegazi emincinci)`) engqondweni yakho. Kanye njengokuba umbhobho wamanzi uvaleka njengoko ukhula, le mithambo yegazi inokutshintsha kancinci kancinci. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bezi nguqu, unokuba neengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Inokuba yinto encinci njengobunzima bokugxila, okanye ingaba yingozi njenge`(stroke)`.

Kukho amanye amagama aliqela asetyenziswa kule meko. Usenokuba ukhe waweva la magama:

• ``Isifo semithambo emincinci yobuchopho (CSVD)''
• "Isifo se-ischemic esingapheliyo se-microvascular"
• "Isifo se-ischemic semithambo emincinci"

Nokuba ubiza liphi igama, konke kuyafana.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu koku?

Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Microvascular Ischemic Disease" ibonwa kakhulu kubantu abadala. Amadoda nabafazi banokuyifumana. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umngcipheko wokufumana le meko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka.

Khawucinge nje, xa beneminyaka engama-50 ubudala, malunga ne-5% yabantu banokuba nale meko. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwabo badlule kwiminyaka engama-90 ubudala, kuthiwa phantse ikhulu leepesenti (100%) labo bonke abantu banale meko ngandlela ithile. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu njengoko sikhula.

Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kangangokuba kuqikelelwa ukuba yimbangela yabantu abamalunga nama-45% abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, imeko apho inkumbulo ilahleka kancinci kancinci, kunye nama-25% abantu abanesifo sohlangothi. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu zoku?

Eyona nto iphambili `(Isifo seMikrovascular Ischemic)` kukujiya kweendonga zemithambo yegazi emincinci engqondweni, kunye nokuqokelelwa kwamafutha ngaphakathi kuyo, okubangela `(ukwakheka kweplaque)`. Kufana nokugqwala okwenziwa ngaphakathi kwimibhobho yamanzi emidala. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali azazi ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, kufunyenwe ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela oku.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko? Lumka ukuba unazo ezi zinto!

Ukwaluphala yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko. Asinakukulawula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezandisa umngcipheko wokufumana `(Isifo seMikrovascular Ischemic).` Nazi:

• Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo:Ukuba unengxaki yezintso, lo mngcipheko uphezulu.
• Isifo seswekile: Abantu abanesifo seswekile nabo banamathuba amaninzi okuba nale meko, njengoko isifo seswekile singonakalisa imithambo yegazi ngokubanzi.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Ingakumbi ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luyi-140/90 mm Hg (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) okanye ngaphezulu, lubeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kwimithambo yegazi emincinci engqondweni.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Xa amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini enyuka, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba iza kuqokelelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi ize ivaleke.
• Ukurhona kunye nokuphazamiseka komoya xa ulele: Le yingxaki enkulu kunokuba ucinga. Ukungaphefumli kakuhle ebusuku kunciphisa umlinganiselo weoksijini efunyanwa ngumzimba wakho, nto leyo engalunganga kwimithambo yegazi yakho.
• Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iimveliso zecuba: Ukutshaya kuyingozi phantse kuzo zonke izifo. Kuyonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo imithambo yegazi.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto, kulungile ukuba ulumke kancinci.

Zithini iimpawu? Siyibona njani le nto?

Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha babiza le meko ngokuthi "Isifo se-Microvascular Ischemic" ngokuthi "isifo esingathethiyo" . Kungenxa yokuba iimpawu ngamanye amaxesha azibonakali kangako kangangokuba zinokuphoswa lula. Kwakhona, abantu badla ngokuzityeshela, becinga ukuba ziinguqu eziqhelekileyo ezenzeka ngokwaluphala.

Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu abadala, ezi mpawu zinokuqala phakathi ukuya kwezinzima. Ekubeni le meko ichaphazela iinkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni, iimpawu zinokuba zibanzi kakhulu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zithini:

Utshintsho kwinkqubo yomchamo:

• Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo): Ngamafutshane, ukulahlekelwa ngumchamo othile ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
• Ungxamiseko lomchamo: Isidingo esingxamisekileyo nesinamandla sokuchama .

Utshintsho kubuchule bokucinga (Ukuqonda):

• I-Dementia: Ukulahlekelwa kancinci kancinci kwenkumbulo kunye nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
• Ubunzima bokugxila: Ubunzima bokugxila kwinto ethile.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuncinci: Ubunzima bokwenza izigqibo nokuqonda izinto.
• Ukudideka ngequbuliso, ukuziva ngathi ulahlekelwa yingqondo (ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo): Oku kungenzeka ngequbuliso.

Utshintsho kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo (iNeurology):

• Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya okanye ulwelo (dysphagia): Ukutya kunokuvakala ngathi kuyabhajwa.
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula izihlunu zobuso ngokufanelekileyo: Elinye icala lobuso lisenokubonakala ligobile.
• Ukulila ngequbuliso, okungalawulekiyo okanye ukuhleka ngaphandle kwesizathu (impembelelo ye-pseudobulbar):Oku kungaba ngamava angaqhelekanga.
• Ukungacaci kwamagama xa uthetha, ukungacaci kwentetho (dysarthria): ngokungathi ulwimi lukrunekile.

Utshintsho kwimpilo yengqondo:

• Ixhala: Ukuziva ungakhululekanga okanye usoyika.
• Ukungakhathali: Imeko yokukruquka yinto yonke .
• Uxinzelelo: Ukuziva udandathekile kakhulu kwaye udanile.
• Ukudinwa rhoqo, ukudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe kungakhathaliseki ukuba wenza ntoni na.
• Ukucaphuka ngokukhawuleza ngezinto ezincinci, ukungabi namonde (Ukucaphuka) .

Iingxaki zokulala:

• Iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zokulala .
• Ukungalali kakuhle ebusuku, iingxaki zokungalali .

Iingxaki zokuhamba:

• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi xa uhamba, kuba nzima ukugcina ibhalansi .
• Ukuwa okanye ukuwa rhoqo .
• Ukuhambahamba ngokushukuma .

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha ngayo.

Ifunyaniswa njani le meko? Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan ukuze bafumanise esi sifo. Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu kangako. Lusebenzisa imagnethi enkulu, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukuze kuthathwe imifanekiso ecacileyo yobuchopho bakho.

Umntu onesifo "se-Microvascular Ischemic Disease" unokuba notshintsho oluninzi engqondweni yakhe. Oogqirha bakhangela izinto ezinje ngezi kwimifanekiso ye-MRI:

• Iintsholongwane ze-cerebral microbleeds zimithambo yegazi emincinci engqondweni ekhupha igazi . Ezi zizinto ezincinci kakhulu ezikhupha igazi.
• Ukuba into emhlophe engqondweni yonakele na. Ezi ndawo zonakeleyo zibonakala njengamabala amhlophe akhanyayo kwiskeni. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-"white matter hyperintensities".
• Nokuba kukho izilonda ezincinci, ezingezizo ezemithambo-luvo engqondweni (i-lacunar infarcts) ezingabonisi zimpawu zibalulekileyo zemithambo-luvo. Ezi zifana neendawo ezincinci zomonakalo.

Xa ezi zinto zifunyenwe kwi-MRI scan, ugqirha unokufumanisa ukuba "unesifo se-Microvascular Ischemic Disease" okanye akunjalo.

Ngaba esi sifo singabuyiselwa kwimeko yaso size sinyangeke ngokupheleleyo?

Le yingxaki enzima kancinci. Kwinqanaba lokuqala le-"Microvascular Ischemic Disease", kunokwenzeka "ukuguqula" ezinye zenguqu ezenzekileyo engqondweni ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Oko kukuthi, imeko ingaguqulwa kancinci ibe ngcono.

Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sidla ngokuba sisifo esiqhubekekayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, olu tshintsho lunokuguquka.

Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukukubona oku ngokukhawuleza kwaye ulawule izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko.

Ngoko ke, yintoni unyango lwale nto?

Okwangoku, akukho nyango luthile lweSifo seMicvascular Ischemic. Injongo ephambili yonyango lwangoku kukunciphisa izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko kunye nokuthintela okanye ukulibazisa ukuphuhliswa kweengxaki ezinkulu ezifana ne-dementia kunye ne-stroke.

Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezibangela umngcipheko zahlukile kumntu wonke, isicwangciso sonyango sinokuhluka kumntu nomntu. Oko kuthetha ukuba unyango luya kulungiselelwa wena. Ngokubanzi, unyango lungabandakanya:

• Ukuphuhlisa imikhwa enempilo: Izinto ezinje ngokuzilolonga nokutya ukutya okunesondlo.
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukuthatha amayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukulawula i-cholesterol, kunye nokulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxilonga aze akuxelele ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.

Ndingayinciphisa njani le ngozi?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze uchonge ngqo izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko kwaye uphuhlise isicwangciso esifanelana nazo.

Nazi ezinye iindlela zokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko:

• Landela ukutya okunempilo: Nciphisa ityuwa, amafutha agcweleyo, kunye neswekile kangangoko unako. Yitya imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno equlethe izakhamzimba ezahlukeneyo.
• Zibandakanye kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemithambo: Khetha imithambo ephucula ulungelelwano lwakho, amandla, kunye nempilo yentliziyo. Kungumbono olungileyo ukufumana uncedo kwingcali yezonyango okanye umqeqeshi wezokomelela ukuze akuncede uthathe isigqibo sokuba loluphi uhlobo lwemithambo olukhuselekileyo nolufanelekileyo kuwe.
• Thatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezikunceda uyeke ukutshaya: Amaqela enkxaso asekelwe kwisayensi okanye iingcebiso zomntu ngamnye zinokunceda.
• Sebenzisa iindlela zokunciphisa uxinzelelo nokuphumla: Izinto ezifana nokucamngca kunye neyoga zinokunceda koku.

Nangona kusenokubonakala kunzima kancinci ukubandakanya ezi zinto ebomini bakho, kodwa ziya kuzisa iingenelo ezinkulu kwimpilo yakho ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ndingazi njani ukuba ndisemngciphekweni?

Ukuze ufumane ukuba usemngciphekweni, kufuneka uqwalasele iimpawu zakho. Kubalulekile nokuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Landelela amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukuba uneemeko ezifihlakeleyo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye isifo sezintso, kubalulekile ukuzigcina zilawulwa.

Ingaba le meko iyingozi? Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?

Ukuba ayinyangwa, iMicrovascular Ischemic Disease ingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu, ezisongela ubomi, ezifana nesifo sohlangothi kunye nokwehla okukhulu kwengqondo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ulandela isicwangciso sonyango esithile sikagqirha wakho, unokulawula ukuba mandundu kwale meko kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni nobozimeleyo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngaphandle koloyiko.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uziva ngathi ngequbuliso okanye kancinci kancinci ulahlekelwa ngamandla okwenza nayiphi na kwezi zinto zingezantsi, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ukuze akuhlole.

• Ukukwazi ukulawula umchamo.
• Ukukwazi ukukhumbula izinto.
• Ubuchule bokucinga ngokucacileyo.

Musa ukuyithatha lula inguqu efana nale.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Abantu abane-`(Microvascular Ischemic Disease)` basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sohlangothi. Ke ngoko, ukuba ngequbuliso ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingezantsi, kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka (ER) ngoko nangoko.

• Ukudinwa, ukuziva ngathi ujikeleza entloko .
• Ukungakwazi ukuthetha .
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi okanye ukulungelelana, njengaxa uhamba .
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba .
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu .
• Ukulahlekelwa kukubona kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo .

Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zestroke, ngoko ke ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha kunokusindisa ubomi.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Microvascular Ischemic Disease," inokuchaphazela abanye abantu kancinci kwaye abanye bachaphazeleke kakhulu. Inokubangela utshintsho kwindlela ovakalelwa ngayo, ubunzima bokucinga, kunye neengxaki zokuhamba.

Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ngokuchonga nokujongana nezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko, unokulawula okanye unciphise ezi ngxaki, okukuvumela ukuba uphile ubomi obusempilweni.

Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho uze wenze isicwangciso sakho esilungele wena. Ungoyiki, ukuqonda kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo!

Imithambo yegazi engqondweni, impilo yokwaluphala, isifo sohlangothi, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol